adjacent_to
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Note that adjacent_to as thus defined is not a symmetric relation, in contrast to its instance-level counterpart. For it can be the case that Cs are in general such as to be adjacent to instances of C1 while no analogous statement holds for C1s in general in relation to instances of C. Examples are: nuclear membrane adjacent_to cytoplasm; seminal vesicle adjacent_to urinary bladder; ovary adjacent_to parietal pelvic peritoneum
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000012
has OBO namespace: relationship
has definition: C adjacent to C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c and c' are in spatial proximity
  type: Definition
  has db xref: PMID:15892874
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15892874

agent_in
type: ObjectProperty
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000022
sub property of: participates_in

contained_in
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition):
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000010
inverse of: contains
has definition: Definition
  label: C contained_in C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c located_in c' at t, and it is not the case that c *overlaps* c' at t. (c' is a conduit or cavity.)
  has db xref: PMID:15892874
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15892874

contains
type: ObjectProperty
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000011

derived_into
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000016
has OBO namespace: relationship

derives_from
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: Derivation as a relation between instances. The temporal relation of derivation is more complex. Transformation, on the instance level, is just the relation of identity: each adult is identical to some child existing at some earlier time. Derivation on the instance-level is a relation holding between non-identicals. More precisely, it holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. Thus we will have axioms to the effect that from c derives_from c1 we can infer that c and c1 are not identical and that there is some instant of time t such that c1 exists only prior to and c only subsequent to t. We will also be able to infer that the spatial region occupied by c as it begins to exist at t overlaps with the spatial region occupied by c1 as it ceases to exist in the same instant.
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000015
inverse of: derived_into
has definition: Definition
  label: Derivation on the instance level (*derives_from*) holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. We say that one class C derives_from class C' if instances of C are connected to instances of C' via some chain of instance-level derivation relations. Example: osteocyte derives_from osteoblast. Formally: C derives_immediately_from C' if and only if: given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then there is some c' and some t', such that c' instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier-than t and c *derives_from* c'. C derives_from C' if and only if: there is an chain of immediate derivation relations connecting C to C'.
  has db xref: PMID:15892874
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15892874
has exact synonym: derived_from

has_agent
type: ObjectProperty
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000021
has OBO namespace: relationship
inverse of: agent_in
sub property of: has_participant
has definition: As for has_participant, but with the additional condition that the component instance is causally active in the relevant process
  type: Definition
  has db xref: PMID:15892874
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15892874

has_improper_part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: See reasons for obsoletion of improper_part_of
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000024
sub property of: ObsoleteProperty
sub property of: has_part

has_integral_part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000005
sub property of: has_part

has_part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000003
inverse of: part_of

has_participant
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000019
has OBO namespace: relationship
has definition: P has_participant C if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t
  type: Definition
  has db xref: PMID:15892874
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15892874

has_proper_part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000007
sub property of: has_part
inverse of: proper_part_of

improper_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: OBSOLETE. The definition is "As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object may be identical". However, part_of is already reflexive, therefore improper_part_of is identical to part_of. If read differently, as "improper_part_of is part_of but not proper_part_of",improper_part_of becomes identity. So, improper_part_of is either identical to part_of or to identity, and not an intuitive synonym for either of them. [Robert Hoehndorf]
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000025
sub property of: ObsoleteProperty
inverse of: has_improper_part
sub property of: part_of
has definition: As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object may be identical
  type: Definition
  has db xref: PMID:15892874
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15892874

integral_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000004
inverse of: has_integral_part
sub property of: part_of
has definition: C integral_part_of C' if and only if: C part_of C' AND C' has_part C
  type: Definition
  has db xref: PMID:15892874
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15892874

located_in
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000008
has definition: Definition
  label: C located_in C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c *located_in* c'. (Here *located_in* is the instance-level location relation.)
  has db xref: PMID:15892874
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15892874

location_of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000009
has OBO namespace: relationship
inverse of: located_in

part_of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: Parthood as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation p part_of p1 is illustrated in assertions such as: this instance of rhodopsin mediated phototransduction part_of this instance of visual perception. This relation satisfies at least the following standard axioms of mereology: reflexivity (for all p, p part_of p); anti-symmetry (for all p, p1, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p then p and p1 are identical); and transitivity (for all p, p1, p2, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p2, then p part_of p2). Analogous axioms hold also for parthood as a relation between spatial regions. For parthood as a relation between continuants, these axioms need to be modified to take account of the incorporation of a temporal argument. Thus for example the axiom of transitivity for continuants will assert that if c part_of c1 at t and c1 part_of c2 at t, then also c part_of c2 at t. Parthood as a relation between classes: To define part_of as a relation between classes we again need to distinguish the two cases of continuants and processes, even though the explicit reference to instants of time now falls away. For continuants, we have C part_of C1 if and only if any instance of C at any time is an instance-level part of some instance of C1 at that time, as for example in: cell nucleus part_ of cell.
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000002
has definition: Definition
  label: For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.)
  has db xref: PMID:15892874
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15892874

participates_in
type: ObjectProperty
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000020
inverse of: has_participant

preceded_by
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000017
has OBO namespace: relationship
inverse of: precedes
has definition: P preceded_by P' if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some process p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t', and t' is earlier than t.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: PMID:15892874
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15892874

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000018
has OBO namespace: relationship

proper_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000006
has OBO namespace: relationship
sub property of: part_of
has definition: As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object are distinct
  type: Definition
  has db xref: PMID:15892874
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15892874

relationship
type: ObjectProperty
comment: this relation was superfluous, so it has been obsoleted
has OBO namespace: relationship
sub property of: ObsoleteProperty
has definition: A relationship between two classes (terms). Relationships between classes are expressed in terms of relations on underlying instances.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: GOC:cjm
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/GOC#GOC_cjm

transformation_of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: When an embryonic oenocyte (a type of insect cell) is transformed into a larval oenocyte, one and the same continuant entity preserves its identity while instantiating distinct classes at distinct times. The class-level relation transformation_of obtains between continuant classes C and C1 wherever each instance of the class C is such as to have existed at some earlier time as an instance of the distinct class C1 (see Figure 2 in paper). This relation is illustrated first of all at the molecular level of granularity by the relation between mature RNA and the pre-RNA from which it is processed, or between (UV-induced) thymine-dimer and thymine dinucleotide. At coarser levels of granularity it is illustrated by the transformations involved in the creation of red blood cells, for example, from reticulocyte to erythrocyte, and by processes of development, for example, from larva to pupa, or from (post-gastrular) embryo to fetus or from child to adult. It is also manifest in pathological transformations, for example, of normal colon into carcinomatous colon. In each such case, one and the same continuant entity instantiates distinct classes at different times in virtue of phenotypic changes.
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000013
has OBO namespace: relationship
has definition: Definition
  label: Relation between two classes, in which instances retain their identity yet change their classification by virtue of some kind of transformation. Formally: C transformation_of C' if and only if given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then for some t', c instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier t, and there is no t2 such that c instantiates C at t2 and c instantiates C' at t2.
  has db xref: PMID:15892874
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15892874

transformed_into
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Obsoleted
has OBO namespace: relationship
has alternative id: OBO_REL:0000014
sub property of: ObsoleteProperty

Anatomical structure
type: Class
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Central nervous system ventricular system
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The ventricular system of the central nervous system (CNS) is the cerebrospinal fluid to filled cavity running the length of the cerebrum and cerebrospinal trunk; it is lined by a single layer of ependymal cells and is the remnant of the embryonic of neural tube lumen (Millen and Woollam, 1962, p. 33 ff.; Swanson, 1998, p. 195).

Field CA1 stratum radiatum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA1
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

nucleocortical neuron
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
comment: PMID: 1371781
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Batini et al.
definition: Some of the nuclei cells, receiving input from the Purkinje cells, project back to the same cortical zones (the nucleocortical neurons, NCN).

projection interneuron
type: Class
subclass of: interneuron
comment: Nomenclature: Ad-hoc
definition: Projection interneurons form the category of interneurons that send an axon through a pathway from one gray matter region to synapse in one or more different gray matter regions, although the axon may establish local collaterals as well (Swanson, 2003, p. 245; Bota and Swanson, 2007, Fig. 3).

local interneuron
type: Class
subclass of: interneuron
definition: Local interneurons form the category of interneurons whose axon stays entirely within the gray matter region where the cell body resides (Swanson, 2003, p. 245; Bota and Swanson, 2007, Fig. 3).
comment: Nomenclature: Ad-hoc

motor neuroendocrine magnocellular oxytocin neuron
type: Class
subclass of: motor neuroendocrine magnocellular neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson
definition: Oxytocin and vasopressin are the prototypical hormones of the magnocellular secretory system. The distribution of magnocellular neurosecretory vasopressin and oxytocin neurons is illustrated schematically in Figure 3, where it can be seen that oxytocin cells tend to be concetrated anteriorly and medially, while vasopressin cells tend to be concentrated posteriorly and anteriorly. ..these two groups of magnocellular neurosceretory neurons are found throughout the rostral half of the hypothalamus.

motor neuroendocrine parvicellular CRH neuron
type: Class
subclass of: motor neuroendocrine parvicellular neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parvicellular division, periventricular part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson
definition: At least 2000 CRF immunoreactive neurons may be counted in the PVH on each side of the brain in the adult male rat pretreated with colchicine (Swanson et al. 1983).

motor neuroendocrine magnocellular vasopressin neuron
type: Class
subclass of: motor neuroendocrine magnocellular neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parvicellular division, medial parvicellular part, dorsal zone
definition: Oxytocin and vasopressin are the prototypical hormones of the magnocellular secretory system. The distribution of magnocellular neurosecretory vasopressin and oxytocin neurons is illustrated schematically in Figure 3, where it can be seen that oxytocin cells tend to be concetrated anteriorly and medially, while vasopressin cells tend to be concentrated posteriorly and anteriorly. ..these two groups of magnocellular neurosceretory neurons are found throughout the rostral half of the hypothalamus.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson

retinal ganglion cell A
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell
comment: PMID: 9268130
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: This group includes all of the large to bodied/large to field RGCs in the rat...Group RGA cells...have large somata (15 to 39 micrometers in diameter) and large, radially branching dendritic fields (235 to 748 micrometers in diameter), and many exhibit tracer couplin
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild

Field CA1 pyramidal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA1
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson

retinal ganglion cell B
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild
definition: Sixty to eight neurons with small somata (12 to 24 micrometers in diameter), small dendritic fields (99 to 289 micrometers in diameter), and small axonal diameters (04. to 07. micrometers in diameter) make up Group RGB.We classified cells with a large soma and a large dendritic field as RGA, cells with a small to to medium to sized soma and a small to to medium to sized dendritic field as RGB, and cells with a small to to medium to sized soma but a medium to to to large dendritic field RGC.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 9268130

retinal ganglion cell C
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell
definition: Group RGC cells are defined as having small to to to medium cell bodies and medium to to to large dendritic fields. Their morphology was more heterogeneous than that of Groups RGA and RGB. We classified cells with a large soma and a large dendritic field as RGA, cells with a small to to medium to sized soma and a small to to medium to sized dendritic field as RGB, and cells with a small to to medium to sized soma but a medium to to to large dendritic field RGC.
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 9268130

wide field diffuse amacrine cell
type: Class
subclass of: retinal amacrine cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 6158054
comment: Nomenclature: Perry
definition: This cell type has a mean soma size of 10 micrometers (range 8.3 to 13.5 micrometers; N = 14). The extent of its dendritic field is difficult to define precisely; there is a core of short branches that extend vertically through the inner plexiform layer, and this core is surrounded by a number of branches that take an oblique course through the inner plexiform layer before terminating at variable distance from the cell soma at the level of ganglion cells. The dendrites of these cells have a characteristic varicose appearance and the ends of the dendrites often terminate with one of these swellings.

stratified amacrine cell
type: Class
subclass of: retinal amacrine cell
comment: Nomenclature: Perry
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: Stratified amacrine cells have their dendrites confined to one or several places within the inner plexiform layer.
comment: PMID: 6158054

rod bipolar cell
type: Class
subclass of: retinal bipolar cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
comment: PMID: 855089
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: We observed one type of bipolar cell with the typical rod bipolar morphology...The dendritic trees of RBs are more bushy and their dendrites are finer and penetrate further into the outer nuclear layer where they innervate rod spherules. The somata of RBs are larger and are located in the outer half of the INL close to the OPL; their axons run through the OPL and end in large lobulated terminals at the border of the IPL and ganglion cell layer.
comment: Nomenclature: Wassle

type 1 cone bipolar cell
type: Class
subclass of: retinal bipolar cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
comment: PMID: 855089
definition: Type 1 CB (n = 6, Fig. 1B) is an outer cone bipolar cell with a flat stratification in stratum 1 of the IPL and only one ascending primary dendrite that ramifies sparsely.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Wassle

type 2 cone bipolar cell
type: Class
subclass of: retinal bipolar cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
definition: Type 2 and type 3 CBs have similar [with type 1 CB] dendritic tree shapes but show diffuse stratification at different levels of the outer half of the IPL, that is in strata 1 to 2 and 2, respectively. ... the axon terminal system of type 2 looks a bit disordered.
comment: Nomenclature: Wassle
comment: PMID: 855089
contributor: Mihail Bota

type 3 cone bipolar cell
type: Class
subclass of: retinal bipolar cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
comment: Nomenclature: Wassle
comment: PMID: 855089
definition: Type 2 and type 3 CBs have similar [with type 1 CB] dendritic tree shapes but show diffuse stratification at different levels of the outer half of the IPL, that is in strata 1 to 2 and 2, respectively. ...the axon terminal of type 3 shows a and quot;well to arranged and quot; treelike branching pattern.
contributor: Mihail Bota

type 4 cone bipolar cell
type: Class
subclass of: retinal bipolar cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
comment: Nomenclature: Wassle
definition: Type 4 (n = 4, Fig. 1E) is a diffuse CB stratifying in both strata 1 and 2.
comment: PMID: 855089
contributor: Mihail Bota

type 5 cone bipolar cell
type: Class
subclass of: retinal bipolar cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
comment: Nomenclature: Wassle
definition: Type 5 and type 6, both have a very narrow ramification. By using Normaski optics, the two cell types can be distinguished by their stratification level within the IPL relative to a band of higher optical density, which is localized at the border of strata 3 and 4 and represents the inner cholinergic band.
comment: PMID: 855089
contributor: Mihail Bota

Field CA1 pyramidal layer, deep
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA1 pyramidal layer
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

type 6 cone bipolar cell
type: Class
subclass of: retinal bipolar cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
comment: Nomenclature: Wassle
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: Type 5 and type 6, both have a very narrow ramification. By using Normaski optics, the two cell types can be distinguished by their stratification level within the IPL relative to a band of higher optical density, which is localized at the border of strata 3 and 4 and represents the inner cholinergic band.
comment: PMID: 855089

type 7 cone bipolar cell
type: Class
subclass of: retinal bipolar cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
comment: Nomenclature: Wassle
comment: PMID: 855089
definition: Type 7 and type 8 are diffuse CBs with their axonal terminal systems in the inner part of the IPL. Type 7 stratifies in strata 3 and 4....Both cell types [type 7 and type 8] have slender cell bodies.
contributor: Mihail Bota

type 8 cone bipolar cell
type: Class
subclass of: retinal bipolar cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
definition: Type 7 and type 8 are diffuse CBs with their axonal terminal systems in the inner part of the IPL. Type 7 stratifies in strata 3 and 4....Both cell types [type 7 and type 8] have slender cell bodies
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Wassle
comment: PMID: 855089

type 9 cone bipolar cell
type: Class
subclass of: retinal bipolar cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 855089
definition: Type 9 CB has a very sparse but large axonal terminal system in the inner IPL (mainly stratum 5), with occasional processes penetrating into the GCL. The dendritic tree is also sparsely branched but covers a wide range of the OPL.
comment: Nomenclature: Wassle

Golgi neuron, big
type: Class
subclass of: Golgi neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellar cortex
comment: Nomenclature: Chan-Palay
definition: In the adult rat two principal kinds of Golgi cells can be distinghuished: large cells lying in the upper half of the granular layer and small cells in the deeper half.

Golgi neuron, small
type: Class
subclass of: Golgi neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellar cortex
comment: Nomenclature: Chan-Palay
definition: In the adult rat two principal kinds of Golgi cells can be distinghuished: large cells lying in the upper half of the granular layer and small cells in the deeper half.

basket neuron
type: Class
subclass of: cerebellar molecular layer interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellar cortex
comment: Nomenclature: Chan-Palay
definition: The basket cell has a roughly pyramidal or ovoid shape, and it lies in the lower third of the molecular layer with its long axis parallel to the Purkinje cell layer in the sagittal plane. In Nissl preparations little more can be seen of it than its triangular or oval cell body, about 10 micrometers long....Ramon y Cajal (1888a and b) was the first to discover the characteristic terminal plexus elaborated around the Purkinje cell body by the axons of these cells. He named this formation the pericellular nest (nid pericellulaire). His finding was quickly confirmed by Kolliker (1890), who referred to the same structure as a and quot;fiber basket and quot; (Faserkorb), and to the cells that gave rise to it as and quot;basket cells and quot; (Korbzellen).

stellate neuron
type: Class
subclass of: cerebellar molecular layer interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellar cortex
comment: Nomenclature: Chan-Palay
definition: The stellate cells compose a class of small polymorphous neurons lying in the outer two thirds of the molecular layer. They were described by a number of early authors, Fusari (1883), Ponti (1897), Smirnow (1897), in addition to Ramon y Cajal (1889b).

510 nm-cone
type: Class
subclass of: cone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, outer nuclear layer
comment: PMID: 8472794
comment: Nomenclature: Neitz et al.
definition: ...the rat cone earlier identified as having a peak at about 510 nm (Neitz and JAcobs, 1986).
contributor: Mihail Bota

360 nm-cone
type: Class
subclass of: cone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, outer nuclear layer
definition: The photopigment curves that provide best fits to...sensitivity measurements have an average spectral peak of 358.2 nm.
comment: Nomenclature: Neitz et al.
comment: PMID: 8472794
contributor: Mihail Bota

Field CA1 pyramidal layer, superficial
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA1 pyramidal layer
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

neurogliaform
type: Class
subclass of: dense axon plexus-forming neurons
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis juxtacapsular nucleus
definition: The soma of NG is oval to pear to shaped, measuring about 18 micrometers in the longest axis (Fig. 10C). Six to nine primary dendrites leave the soma in a radial fashion, and, although in general most of these primary branches do not ramify.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd
comment: PMID: 15211463

spiny neurogliaform neuron
type: Class
subclass of: dense axon plexus-forming neurons
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd
definition: The second type of neuron originating a dense axonal plexus is the spiny neurogliaform neuron. SNG shares somatic and dendritic characteristics with common spiny neurons (see above) but bears clear to cut somatic and axonal differences (Fig. 10A,B).
comment: PMID: 16786552
contributor: Mihail Bota

spiny projection neuron
type: Class
subclass of: constrained-range neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 16786552
definition: A superficial spiny neuron sharing some somatodendritic features with SSNs (see above), is a projection cell also lying in the lateral part of the shell of the nucleus (Figs. 7B and 16, neuron 6). The soma of SPNs is usually pear to shaped, measuring from 22 to 32 micrometers in the longest axis. Three to six primary dendrites originate in the soma and give rise to short secondary or preterminal branches. Tertiary dendrites are longer (100 to 200 micrometers) than those from CSNs. An important, distinctive feature of SPNs is that secondary and successively distal dendrites are laden with dendritic spines.

projecting star neuron
type: Class
subclass of: constrained-range neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus
comment: PMID: 16786552
definition: The soma of a PSN is rounded or polygonal, measuring 20 to 23 micrometers, with a smooth, convex profile. These neurons send out three to seven primary dendrites that diverge radially (Fig. 12A, neurons b and c). Most frequently, primary dendrites ramify shortly after leaving the soma ( smaller than 35 micrometers), issuing long, usually terminal branches.
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd
contributor: Mihail Bota

fusiform neuron
type: Class
subclass of: wide-range neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd
comment: PMID: 16786552
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: Among the principal neurons of the core of the Ov, the most common cell type is a fusiform neuron with rather long, slender dendrites originating wide ( bigger than 700 micrometers), narrow dendritic fields.

heterodendritic neuron
type: Class
subclass of: wide-range neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus
comment: PMID: 16786552
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: HNs give rise to long (350 to 500 micrometers), slender dendritic fields that may traverse the entire Ov. These neurons are located in similar proportions in the nuclear shell (41%) or in the core (59%). Somata of HNs are triangular, rounded, or spindle shaped, in order of frequency, measuring from 18 to 28 micrometers in the longest axis. As a rule, HNs possess long primary dendrites that terminate in second to order branches. These processes are covered by a moderate number of dendritic spines whose stems are uneven in length.

motor neuroendocrine parvicellular TRH neuron
type: Class
subclass of: motor neuroendocrine parvicellular neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parvicellular division, anterior parvicellular part
definition: Many TRH to positive neurons were seen in the parvocellular part of the nucleus, mainly in the anterior and medial parvocellular part (Fig. 8F). No positive cells were found in the lateral parvocellular part nor in the magnocellular division.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson
comment: PMID: 2469987

motor neuroendocrine parvicellular SOM neuron
type: Class
subclass of: motor neuroendocrine parvicellular neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parvicellular division, periventricular part
definition: Neurosecretory somatostatin cell bodies are generally small and fusiform, and are centered in a characteristic regions of the periventricular zone between the suprachiasmatic nucleus rostrally and the rostral tip of the ventromedial nucleus caudally.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson

motor neuroendocrine parvicellular GRH neuron
type: Class
subclass of: motor neuroendocrine parvicellular neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division, medial parvicellular part, ventral zone
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson
definition: Immunostained bodies are confined to the arcuate nucleus, and to a zone that continues laterally from the arcuate nucleus to surround the ventromedial nucleus and end in the ventral medial parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and in the dorsomedial nucleus (Bloch et al., 1983a b; Sawchenko et al. 1985b).

motor neuroendocrine parvicellular DA neuron
type: Class
subclass of: motor neuroendocrine parvicellular neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division, medial parvicellular part, ventral zone
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson
definition: Collator note: see Swanson 1987.

Field CA1 stratum oriens
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA1
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

descending neuron, sympathetic system
type: Class
subclass of: descending neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial preoptic area
definition: At least 1000 neurons in the paraventricular nucleus project to the spinal cord, and they are concentrated primarily in the dorsal, lateral, and ventral medial parvocellular parts of the nucleus (Hosoya, 1980; Swanson and Kuypers 1980a; Schwanzel to Fukuda).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson

descending neuron, sympathetic/parasympathetic system
type: Class
subclass of: descending neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division, medial parvicellular part, ventral zone
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson
definition: ...at least 15% of the neurons with descending projections in the paraventricular nucleus, lateral hypothalamic and retrochiasmatic areas, and ventromedial send collaterals to both the dorsal vagal complexs and thoracic levels of the spinal cord...

reciprocal projections neuron, cerebellar nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: nucleocortical neuron
definition: ...perfectly matched those [2] described previously reciprocal, non to reciprocal and symmetrical projections were found. Collator note: this neurons receive projections from Purkinke cells and send feedback axons to the same cerebellar cortex neurons. From
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 247111
comment: Nomenclature: Batini et al.

non-reciprocal projections neuron, cerebellar nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: nucleocortical neuron
comment: PMID: 247111
definition: ...perfectly matched those [2] described previously reciprocal, non to reciprocal and symmetrical projections were found. Collator note: this neurons do not receive projections from Purkinje cells different of those that send projections to them.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Batini et al.

symmetrical projections neuron, cerebellar nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: nucleocortical neuron
comment: Nomenclature: Batini et al.
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: ...perfectly matched those [2] described previously reciprocal, non to reciprocal and symmetrical projections were found. Collator note: this neurons project contralaterally to Purkinje neurons.
comment: PMID: 247111

retinal ganglion cell A1
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell A
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, ganglion cell layer
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 9268130
definition: Subgroup RGA1 cells (Figs. 2A, 3 to 5, Table 1) have a morphology similar to that of the giant cells of Bunt (1976). They have large somata, often polygonal in shape, from which a medium to to large to gauge axon emerges (Figs. 2A, 3). In one instance, a bifucarting axon was seen to exit the soma (see Fig. 3A). The large dendritic fields of RGA1 cells consist of three to seven stout dendrites that emerge radially from a centrally placed soma. The dendrites are smooth and overlap infrequently (Figs. 2, 3). RGA1 cells are found across the retina (Figs. 5, 6)and, on average, have the largest dendritic fields of all the RGCs labelled. RGA1 cells exhibited tracer coupling...they were strongly coupled to at least ten neurons (large to bodied gnalgion cells and some presumed amacrine cells to the latter gad very small somata and were found both the GCL and the INL; Fig.5). We classified cells with a large soma and a large dendritic field as RGA, cells with a small to to medium to sized soma and a small to to medium to sized dendritic field as RGB, and cells with a small to to medium to sized soma but a medium to to to large dendritic field RGC. Seventy five RGA cells were identified. RGA cells had an average soma diameter of 23.4 micrometers, an average dendritic to field diameter of 300.0 micrometers, and a radial pattern of branching. They are similar to Perry type I cells (Perry, 1979).
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild

retinal ganglion cell A2
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell A
definition: Alpha ganglion cells, which were defined by Peichl (1989), were identified and termed RGA2 in the present study (see Table 1). The RGA2 cell has a large soma from which a thick axon emerges. Four to eight stout primary dendrites project radially from the cell body and branch repeatedly in a Y to shaped pattern. The dendrites branch at regular intervals, with the first branch point being within half of a soma diameter of the cell body. This branching pattern gives the appearance of a relatively uniform, medium density of dendrites across the dendritic arbor. The cell body is usually situated at the centre of the dendritic field. They stratify at ... 72 and plusmn; 15% of the IPL (inner) or 34 and plusmn; 10% of the IPL (outer). RGA2 cells had a round soma and 4 to 7 primary dendrites that branch repeatedly proximal to the soma. In contrast to the RGA1 cells, RGA2 cells have many more dendrites surrounding the soma (Fig. 3B).
comment: PMID: 9268130
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild

retinal ganglion cell B1
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell B
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, ganglion cell layer
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild
comment: PMID: 9268130
definition: Twenty to six neurons were defined as RGB1 cells (Fig. 8A, Table1). One of their characteristic features is the fact that the cell body always lies outside within the confines of the dendritic tree. They have the highest eccentricity of body relative to dendritic field of all ganglion cell identified. The majority of RGB1 cells analysed stratify diffusely within the IPL; nevertheless, their dendritic trees are centred in either the on to or the off to sublaminae of the IPL (Table 1). RGB1 cells were found across the retina. 1 cells had curvy but generally radially branching dendrites (Fig. 5A). They ramified in the outer IPL close to the middle.
contributor: Mihail Bota

retinal ganglion cell B2
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell B
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, ganglion cell layer
definition: Fourteen neurons were defined as RGB2 cells (Figs. 2D, 8B). These cells are easy to distinguish by the very dense nature of their small dendritic trees. This high density is due to frequent, irregular branching of fine dendrites, which curve, twist, and overlap extensively (Fig. 2D). Their cell body is generaly located well within the confines of the dendritic tree. RGB2 cells were found across the retina (Fig. 9). RGB2 cells had a very small but very dense dendritic field (Fig. 5B), featuring numerous tiny branches bearing spines. They ramified almost in the middle of the IPL.
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 9268130

retinal ganglion cell B3
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell B
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, ganglion cell layer
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild
definition: Twenty to four cells were defined as RGB3 cells (Fig. 8C). The shape and branching patterns of their dendritic trees resemble those of RGA2 cells, although dendritic fields are much smaller. The somata are centrally located within the dendritic field. RGB3 cells show a greater range in dendritic field sizes than other RGB subgroups (Fig. 9), which suggests further heteronegeitiy. RGB3 cells had curvy, recursive dendrites, forming a relatively sparse dendritic field (Fig. 5C).
comment: PMID: 9268130

Field CA2
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ammon Horn
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson

retinal ganglion cell C1
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell C
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, ganglion cell layer
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild
definition: Five RGc1 cells were labelled that have small somata and large asymmetrical dendritic fields (Figs. 10A, 12). Although only a small number of them were labelled, they resemble the medial terminal nucleus (MTN) to projecting cells described by Dann and Buhl (1987). Compared with neurons in Group RGA, RGC1 cells have smaller cell bodies, a higher density of dendritic branching, and usually asymmetrical dendritic fields. The RGC1 cells exhibited smooth, small caliber, recursive dendrites extending from large primary ones. Dendritic field was of medium density (Fig. 6A). The RGC1 stratified mostly in the inner IPL. Their morphology is very similar to the MTN to projecting cells characterized by Dann and Buhl (1987).
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 9268130

retinal ganglion cell C others
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell C
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, ganglion cell layer
comment: PMID: 9268130
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild
definition: The Group RGc cells, as mentioned above, are a heterogeneous population: we labelled several neurons that could not be classified as RGC1 or RGC2. Includes previously described exmples of Type III or Class III cells (Perry, 1979, Dreher et al., 1985), with their small somata and, in some cases, very large dendritic fields.

type (a) narrow-field unistratified amacrine cell
type: Class
subclass of: stratified amacrine cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
definition: The type (a) narrow field unistratified cell has previously been described by Perry (1979), and was called a type IV [collator note: retinal ganglion] cell. This type of cell can be found with its cell soma in either the ganglion cell layer or the inner nuclear layer. Unlike the other types of amacrine cell this type is found with its cell soma in the ganglion cell layer than in the inner nuclear layer. The dimensions of these cells (mean soma size 10.1 micrometers and mean dendritic field size 219 micrometers, from Perry (1979)) are the same in both layers. Examples of this cell type are shown in figure 3, plate 1, and figure 11.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 6158054
comment: Nomenclature: Perry

type (b) narrow-field unistratified amacrine cell
type: Class
subclass of: stratified amacrine cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
comment: Nomenclature: Perry
definition: The type (b) narrow to field unistratified cell has a similar [collator note: with the type (a) narrow field unistratified amacrine neuron] mean soma diameter of 9.2 micrometers (range 7.5 to 11.3 micrometeres; N = 14) and the size of its dendritic field is similar to the the type (a) narrow field unistratified cell (mean 215 micrometers; range 135 to 282 micrometers; N = 14). A single primary dendrite arises from the cell soma and passes into the inner plexiform layer before branching on a plane. In contrast with the type (a) narrow field unistratified cell this cell has coarser, mostly spine to free, dendrites. Figure 3 and 12 show examples of this cell tpye, one of which has its soma in the ganglion cell layer.
comment: PMID: 6158054
contributor: Mihail Bota

wide-field unistratified amacrine cell
type: Class
subclass of: stratified amacrine cell
comment: Nomenclature: Perry
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 6158054
definition: The wide to field unistratified cells fall in three subgroups. The measurements of the dendritic field are only considered to be estimates since we do not believe that we have ever seen these cells completely stained...

bistratified amacrine cell
type: Class
subclass of: stratified amacrine cell
comment: PMID: 6158054
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Perry
definition: Collator note: bistratified amacrine cells are not explicitly defined by Perry and Walker. Perry and Walker describe three types of bistratified amacrine cells, having thef dendrites or spines distributed in two strata as the common character.

stratified diffuse amacrine cell
type: Class
subclass of: stratified amacrine cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 6158054
definition: Stratified diffuse amacrine cells have their dendrites lying in more than one plane but not extending the full of the inner plexiform layer. In the rat retina the arrangement of the dendirtes is visualized more readily in vertical sections than in whole mounts, and the dendritic filed is found to terminate in either the inner or the outer half of the inner plexiform layer, although the latter is more common. The cells have a mean soma size of 8.9 micrometers (range 7.5 to 10.5 micrometers; N = 15). Usually a single process leaves the cell soma and passes into the inner plexiform layer before a tight field of short branches is formed (see figure 8, plate 2, and figure 17); the mean dendritic size is 30 micrometers (range 20 to 46 micrometers; N = 15).
comment: Nomenclature: Perry

reciprocal GABA-IR neuron, cerebellar nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: reciprocal projections neuron, cerebellar nuclei
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fastigial nucleus
comment: PMID: 1371781
definition: In each of the three nuclei examined, only a small proportion of the total number of retrogradely labeled NCN was found to be GABA to IR. Furthermore, the proportions of NCN containing GABA were very similar whether the nuclei gave reciprocal or symmetrical projections.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Batini et al.

symmetrical Glu-IR neuron, cerebellar nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: symmetrical projections neuron, cerebellar nuclei
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fastigial nucleus
definition: The percentages of Glu to IR NCN were also roughly the same in the nuclei reciprocally or symmetrically connected to the cortical injection sites in five animals (Fig. 9B)
comment: PMID: 1371781
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Batini et al.

reciprocal Glu-IR neuron, cerebellar nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: reciprocal projections neuron, cerebellar nuclei
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fastigial nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Batini et al.
comment: PMID: 1371781
definition: The percentages of Glu to IR NCN were also roughly the same in the nuclei reciprocally or symmetrically connected to the cortical injection sites in five animals (Fig. 9B)
contributor: Mihail Bota

Field CA2 stratum lacunosum-moleculare
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA2
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

symmetrical GABA-IR neuron, cerebellar nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: symmetrical projections neuron, cerebellar nuclei
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fastigial nucleus
definition: In each of the three nuclei examined, only a small proportion of the total number of retrogradely labeled NCN was found to be GABA to IR. Furthermore, the proportions of NCN containing GABA were very similar whether the nuclei gave reciprocal or symmetrical projections.
comment: PMID: 1371781
comment: Nomenclature: Batini et al.
contributor: Mihail Bota

retinal ganglion cell A2 inner
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell A2
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, ganglion cell layer
definition: As Huxlin and Goodchild (1997), we identified two groups of RGA2 cells with dendrites stratifying in the inner and outer IPL (Table 1). They are morphologically similar to the outer alpha cells of Peichl (1989) and Tauchi et al. (1992). As Huxlin and Goodchild (1997), we identified two groups of RGA2 cells with dendrites stratifying in the inner and outer IPL (Table 1). They are morphologically similar to the outer alpha cells of Peichl (1989) and Tauchi et al. (1992).
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 9268130
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild

retinal ganglion cell A2 outer
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell A2
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, ganglion cell layer
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 9268130
definition: As Huxlin and Goodchild (1997), we identified two groups of RGA2 cells with dendrites stratifying in the inner and outer IPL (Table 1). They are morphologically similar to the outer alpha cells of Peichl (1989) and Tauchi et al. (1992).
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild

retinal ganglion cell C2 inner
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell C2
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, ganglion cell layer
definition: Two groups of RGC2 cells ramified in the inner IPL and outer IPL, respectively. Their morphology is very similar to the delta cells identified by Peichl (1989).
comment: PMID: 12511081
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild

retinal ganglion cell C2 outer
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell C2
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, ganglion cell layer
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild
definition: Two groups of RGC2 cells ramified in the inner IPL and outer IPL, respectively. Their morphology is very similar to the delta cells identified by Peichl (1989).
comment: PMID: 12511081
contributor: Mihail Bota

type (a) wide-field unistratified amacrine cell
type: Class
subclass of: wide-field unistratified amacrine cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
comment: Nomenclature: Perry
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 6158054
definition: This wide to field unistratified cell has a mean soma of 11.1 micrometers. A single dendrite arises from the cell soma before it branches on a plane. These branches, about 1 micrometer in diameter, then apss in many directions within that plane; the bifurcations that do occur are near the cell soma and the dendrites take a straingth line across the retina (see figure 4, plate 1, and figure 13). Type (a) and type (b) wide to field unistratified amacrine cells have been found with their cell bodies in either the inner nuclear layer or in the ganglion cell layer.

type (b) wide-field unistratified amacrine cell
type: Class
subclass of: wide-field unistratified amacrine cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
comment: Nomenclature: Perry
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: The second type of wide to field unistratified amacrine cell has a soma of similar size to that of the type (a) wide to field unistratified cells and the dendrites have the same thin unbranched appearance. However, these cells do not send their dendrites in all directions but in only two in a single plan. As reported by Gallego (1971), these wide to field unistratified amacrine cells have a dendritic filed covering an area of an hour to glass (see figure 4 and 13).
comment: PMID: 6158054

Field CA2 stratum radiatum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA2
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

narrow-field bistratified amacrine cell
type: Class
subclass of: bistratified amacrine cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Perry
definition: The third type of cell in the wide to field unistratified class of amacrine cell has a distinct dendritic pattern. The mean soma size, 11.4 micrometers, is larger than the other two types range (10.0 to 13.0 micrometers; N = 10). Usually three but sometimes two large dendrites arise from the cell in the same layer as the soma. After a short distance a very fine branch comes off each of the larger branches, again in the same plane as the cell soma.
comment: PMID: 6158054

wide-field bistratified amacrine cell
type: Class
subclass of: bistratified amacrine cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
comment: Nomenclature: Perry
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: These wide to field bistratified cells have a process that leaves the soma and passes almost vertically through the inner plexiform layer before branching near the ganglion cell layer, but in addition they also have processes that run laterally at the level of the inner nuclear layer.
comment: PMID: 6158054

type (c) wide-field unistratified amacrine cell
type: Class
subclass of: wide-field unistratified amacrine cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: The third type of cell in the wide to field unistratified class of amacrine cell has a distinct dendritic pattern. The mean soma size, 11.4 micrometers, is larger than the other two types range (10.0 to 13.0 micrometers; N = 10). Usually three but sometimes two large dendrites arise from the cell in the same layer as the soma.
comment: PMID: 6158054
comment: Nomenclature: Perry

retinal ganglion cell C2
type: Class
subclass of: retinal ganglion cell C
comment: Nomenclature: Huxlin and Goodchild
definition: RGC2 gave a morphology similar to the delta ganglion cells of Peichl (1989). They have a small to medium to sized somata from which fine axons emerge. Two to four primary dendrites branch close to the soma. These and subsequent branches twist and turn, unlike the radiating dendrites of the Group RGA neurons. The soma is usually central to the dendritic field. The dendritic fileds are smalled than those Group RGA cells at the same eccentricities, and they show little variation in size as a function of eccentricity (Fig. 12). RGC2 neurons did not exhibit tracer coupling, but many have numerous and prominent dendritic spines. The RGC2 cells had a similar morphology to RGC1 cells but with curvier dendrites and a denser dendritic field (Fig. 6B).
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 9268130

Ganglia
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Peripheral nervous system
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: In vertebrates, ganglia are neuron aggregations associated with nerves or peripheral plexuses of the peripheral nervous system; in archaic terminology, ganglion could also refer to a neuron population in the vertebrate central nervous system (Swanson, 2003, p. 244; 2004, p. 179).

Nerve fibers
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Peripheral nervous system
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: In this context, nerve fibers are defined as neuronal processes within peripheral nerves (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Sensory ganglia
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ganglia
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Sensory ganglia are components of the peripheral nervous system, and are aggregates of sensory neurons associated with the cranial and spinal nerves (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Cranial sensory ganglia
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Sensory ganglia
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Cranial sensory ganglia are aggregations of sensory neurons associated with the cranial nerves (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).

Spinal sensory ganglia
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Sensory ganglia
definition: Spinal sensory ganglia are aggregations of sensory neurons associated with the spinal nerves, also known as dorsal root ganglia (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Autonomic ganglia
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ganglia
definition: Autonomic ganglia are components of the vertebrate peripheral nervous system that are aggregates of postganglionic autonomic neurons directly innervating non to neural tissues (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Field CA2 pyramidal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA2
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Sympathetic ganglia
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Autonomic ganglia
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Sympathetic ganglia are one of two types of autonomic ganglia, characterized by long postganglionic axons and typically though not always using norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).

Paravertebral sympathetic ganglia
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Sympathetic ganglia
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Paravertebral sympathetic ganglia are connected to the proximal end of peripheral mixed spinal nerves by short white and/or gray communicating rami (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).

Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Sympathetic ganglia
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia are concentrated around or near the major arteries, between the spinal cord and gut (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Sympathetic plexuses
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Sympathetic ganglia
definition: Sympathetic plexuses are mixtures of autonomic ganglion cells, autonomic axons, and often dorsal root ganglion cell fibers as well; they are concentrated around or near the arteries (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Parasympathetic ganglia
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Autonomic ganglia
definition: Parasympathetic ganglia are one of two types of autonomic ganglia, characterized by short postganglionic axons and typically using acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Cranial parasympathetic ganglia
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parasympathetic ganglia
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Cranial parasympathetic ganglia are associated with the cranial nerves; three are well to known: ciliary, pterygopalatine, and otic (Swanson, 2004, p. 179)

Sacral parasympathetic ganglia
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parasympathetic ganglia
definition: Sacral parasympathetic ganglia are associated with the sacral spinal nerves, with the best known being the pelvic ganglion (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Parasympathetic plexuses
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parasympathetic ganglia
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Enteric nervous system
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ganglia
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The enteric nervous system is an extensive peripheral plexus within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract that generates intrinsic neural activity, which is modulated by craniospinal nerve input (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).

Submucosal plexus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Enteric nervous system
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The submucosal plexus is the major outer differentiation of the enteric nervous system, also known as Meissner plexus (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).

Field CA2 stratum oriens
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA2
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Myenteric plexus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Enteric nervous system
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: he myenteric plexus is the major inner differentiation of the enteric nervous system, also known as Auerbach plexus (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).

Nerves
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nerve fibers
definition: Nerves are axon bundles in the peripheral nervous system (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Cranial nerves
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nerves
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: It is traditional to list 12 nerve pairs attached to the part of vertebrate central nervous system within the cranium (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).

Spinal nerves
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nerves
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Spinal nerves are paired and attached sequentially to the part of the vertebrate central nervous system within the vertebral canal (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).

Nerve plexuses
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nerve fibers
definition: Nerve plexuses are formed by the interjoining of peripheral nerves, typified by the brachial and lumbosacral plexuses associated with the nerves to the upper and lower limbs, respectively (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Cerebellum related fiber tracts
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system white matter
definition: Cerebellum to related fiber tracts include the deep white matter (arbor vitae), cerebellar commissure, and the three cerebellar peduncles interconnecting it with the cerebrospinal trunk (Swanson, 2004, p. 177).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

cerebellar commissure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellum related fiber tracts
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

cerebellar peduncles
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellum related fiber tracts
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

superior cerebellar peduncle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: cerebellar peduncles
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

superior cerebellar peduncle decussation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: superior cerebellar peduncle
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Field CA3
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ammon Horn
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

uncinate fascicle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: superior cerebellar peduncle
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

ventral spinocerebellar tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: superior cerebellar peduncle
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

middle cerebellar peduncle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: cerebellar peduncles
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

inferior cerebellar peduncle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: cerebellar peduncles
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

dorsal spinocerebellar tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: inferior cerebellar peduncle
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

cuneocerebellar tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: inferior cerebellar peduncle
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

juxtarestiform body
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: inferior cerebellar peduncle
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

bulbocerebellar tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: inferior cerebellar peduncle
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

olivocerebellar tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: bulbocerebellar tract
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

reticulocerebellar tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: bulbocerebellar tract
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Field CA3 stratum lacunosum-moleculare
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA3
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

trigeminocerebellar tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: inferior cerebellar peduncle
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

arbor vitae
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellum related fiber tracts
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

HSD2 neuron
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus of the solitary tract
comment: PMID: 16320254
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Geerling
definition: A subgroup of neurons in NTS and several other rat CNS regions that express glucocorticoid to inactivating enzyme 11 to beta to hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2), a signature of aldosterone to sensitive tissues. The NTS population may represent a unique phenotype.

horizontal cell
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: By definition, horizontal cells have dendrites which run tangential to or parallel with the surface of the colliculus. Most horizontal cells have fusiform cell bodies, about 10 micrometers in diameter, lying within 250 micrometers of the surface.
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
comment: PMID: 4615112

superficial horizontal cell
type: Class
subclass of: horizontal cell
definition: Collator note: superficial horizontal cells are considered a separate type of the horizontal cell on the basis of the cell body localization. Cell bodies of superficial horizontal cells are located in the stratum zonale and in the upper stratum griseum superficiale (see Table 1 page 407). Otherwise, the definition of the superficial horizontal cell is identical with that of the class horizontal cell.
comment: PMID: 4615112
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
contributor: Mihail Bota

deep horizontal cell
type: Class
subclass of: horizontal cell
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
definition: Collator note: deep horizontal cells are considered a separate type of the horizontal cell on the basis of the cell body localization. Cell bodies of deep horizontal cells are located in the stratum zonale and in stratum opticum (see Table 1 page 407). Otherwise, the definition of the deep horizontal cell is identical with that of the class horizontal cell.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 4615112

marginal cell
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
definition: The marginal cells are the most superficially located and the smallest cells of the superior colliculus. Their 5 to 8 micrometers wide, ovoid cell bodies are interspersed among or just beneath the anteroposterior coursing fibers of the stratum zonale. They project one to five, but most commonly two, dendrites from the deeper portions of the cell body surface. These branch several times to form a dense arbor of dendritic processes that extend as much as 150 micrometers subjacent to the cell body and may radiate as much as 75 micrometers lateral to the cell body. The axon of a marginal cell resembles other local axons in that it has an extensive local distribution, has a fine caliber, and many branches, but no over to all direction (fig. 9). There are both en passant and terminal varicosities, suggesting both types of synaptic contact. Our material did not show any marginal cell axon extending below the zone of horizontal cells.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 4615112

piriform cell
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus optic layer
comment: PMID: 4615112
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
definition: The piriform cells have ovoid or cup shaped cell bodies, 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter, located within a narrow lamina along the deep margin of the zone of horizontal cells. The restriction of the piriform cell somata to the boundary between the zone of horizontal cells and the zone of vertical cells is remarkably accurate and consistent. The piriform cells give rise to 2 to 5 dendrites from the superficial surface, which course through the zone of horizontal cells to terminate just beneath the surface. As the ascending dendrites approach the surface they branch more frequently, almost always by equipartition, to form a complicated intermingling bouquet of slowly tapering dendrites, 150 to 350 micrometers in width and slightly less than 200 micrometers in depth. The axon most frequently takes its origin from the base of the soma, but sometimes it arises from one of the low order dendrites. From its origin the axon runs immediately down through the zone of vertical cells, occasionally with collaterals which may arborize within the superficial laminae. The axon is thin and smooth, occasionally with en passant varicosities.
contributor: Mihail Bota

narrow field vertical cell
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
definition: Narrow field vertical cells are a SC class of cells which include vertical fusiform cells, pyramidal cells and inverted pyramidal cells. They are distributed across several of the SC layers (see Table 1, page 407). For morphological details, see the definitions of subclasses and types of this class. Collator note: we assumed this class of neurons as projection neurons, because at least several subpopulations project to visually related areas. See Sefton et al., 2005; Mason and Groos, 1981; Mackay to Sim et al. 1983; Okoyama and Kudo, 1987).
comment: PMID: 4615112
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Langer

vertical fusiform cell
type: Class
subclass of: narrow field vertical cell
comment: PMID: 4615112
definition: Vertical fusiform cells have narrow, cylindrical, vertically oriented dendritic fields and generally an elongated cell body, fusiform in its vertical axis. Both the cell body and the dendritic field vary in their dimensions depending upon the particular type of vertical fusiform cell. There are three types of vertical fusiform cells. All have dendritic fields 100 to 200 micrometers wide, with the more superficial cells having narrower fields. The cell bodies of vertical fusiform cells may be bipolar, with ascending and descending trunks or they may be multipolar. The most common configuration is of two ascending dendritic trunks and two descending dendritic trunks. The bipolar vertical fusiform cells are usually smooth cells and the multipolar vertical fusiform cells are usually spiny. The smooth vertical fusiform cells have thinner dendrites that branch less frequently, thus are less voluminous. The dendrites which arise from the superficial surface of the vertical fusiform cell soma are the principal source of the superficial field, and those which arise from the deep surface are the principal source of the deep field, but frequently branches from one of the primary dendrites will contribute to the other field. Usually the deep dendrites turn superficially. In the extreme case the entire deep field will turn to extend superficially. The axon of vertical fusiform cells commonly arises from one of the low order dendrites. It runs deep toward the ganglion zone of the superior colliculus. A few cells have local distributions which may extend throughout the depth of the superficial zones. The axon is similar to other intrinsic axons but thicker than those of the marginal or horizontal cells.
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
contributor: Mihail Bota

Field CA3 stratum lucidum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA3
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

superficial vertical fusiform cell
type: Class
subclass of: narrow field vertical cell
definition: The superficial vertical fusiform cells have cell bodies 10 to 15 micrometers wide lying in the zone of horizontal cells and send dendrites to the upper and lower margins of that zone (fig. 12c).
comment: PMID: 4615112
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Langer

intermediate vertical fusiform cell
type: Class
subclass of: narrow field vertical cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus optic layer
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 4615112
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
definition: The intermediate vertical fusiform cells have cell bodies 12 to 18 micrometers in diameter in the upper portion of the zone of vertical cells and their dendritic fields extend from the collicular surface to the deep margin of the zone of vertical cells (fig. 12b, 13). Intermediate vertical fusiform cells most often have a superficial field with relatively fewer spines, straighter, more even caliber dendrites that branch less often but more equally than those in the deep field of the same cell (figs. 12b, 13).

deep vertical fusiform cell
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus intermediate gray layer
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
definition: Deep vertical fusiform cells have cell bodies about 20 micrometers wide and their dendrites extend from the upper margin of the zone of vertical cells to the depth of the zone of optic fibers perhaps even deeper. The superficial and deep fields are usually notably different in the manner in which the dendrites branch and spread, the over to all size of the fields, the shapes of the fields, the type and density of spines, and the caliber of the dendrites.
comment: PMID: 4615112

pyramidal cell
type: Class
subclass of: narrow field vertical cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus superficial gray layer
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: Pyramidal cells are similar to vertical fusiform cells in most respects. They have a vertically elongated cell body, about 15 micrometers in transverse diameter, in the deeper half of the zone of vertical cells. The dendritic field is narrow and cylindrical, 100 to 250 micrometer in diameter, and extends from the upper margin of the zone of horizontal cells to the lower margin of the zone of vertical cells, about 500 micrometers. Rather than having superficial and deep fields, the pyramidal cell has the deep field reduced to a circumsomatic field, or a diminuitive basal field, and the superficial field is relatively elongated to accord with the deeper cell body. Pyramidal cells are usually multipolar, with one or two thick apical dendrites, which branch several times on the way to the surface, particularly in the upper portion of the zone of horizontal cells, and several smaller dendrites which form a small field about the cell body. It is of interest that smooth pyramidal cells tend to have two primary dendrites, like smooth vertical fusiform cells. The axon takes its origin from the soma or a low order dendrite and runs down into the deep zones. It is smooth and thin, about like that of the vertical fusiform cells.
comment: PMID: 4615112
comment: Nomenclature: Langer

inverted pyramidal cell
type: Class
subclass of: narrow field vertical cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus superficial gray layer
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
definition: One other cell type within the definition of the narrow field vertical cells is what iscalled an inverted pyramidal cell. They are similar to pyramidal cells except that the cell body lies within the deep portion of the zone of horizontal cells. The superficial field is a circumsomatic field and the deep field is elongated to reach into the deeper portion of the zone of vertical cells. The cell body is about the size of an intermediate vertical fusiform cell soma. The axon is similar, but more apt to have collaterals to the superficial zones.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 4615112

wide field vertical cell
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
comment: PMID: 4615112
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
definition: There are two similar populations in the group of wide field vertical cells. The first lies in the deep margin of the zone of vertical cells where it looks very similar to the piriform cells relative to the zone of horizontal cells. Cajal called these the ovoid or triangular cells. The second population has its cell bodies distributed primarily to the upper portion of the zone of optic fibers. Cajal called these triangular or stellate cells. Cajal's nomenclature is rather bulky and, though descriptive, somewhat confusing because stellate cells are a distinct cell type in the nomenclature of this paper and triangular occurs in both names. For reasons developed below, the ovoid or triangular cells or wide field cells of the zone of vertical cells will be called Type II ganglion cells and the triangular or stellate cells or wide field cells of the zone of optic fibers will be called Type III ganglion cells. Type I ganglion cells are the piriform cells. Collator note: we assumed this class of neurons as projection neurons, because at least several subpopulations project to visually related areas. See Sefton et al., 2005; Mason and Groos, 1981; Mackay to Sim et al. 1983; Okoyama and Kudo, 1987).
contributor: Mihail Bota

type I ganglion cell
type: Class
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 4615112
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
definition: Type I ganglion cells are the piriform cells.

type II ganglion cell
type: Class
subclass of: wide field vertical cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus optic layer
comment: PMID: 4615112
definition: The Type II ganglion cells, like the piriform cells, have all or almost all of their dendritic field superficial to the cell body. The 15 to 25 micrometers cell body lies within a narrow range of depths at the deep margin of the zone of vertical cells from which it may send 3 to 7 primary dendrites vertically or obliquely towards the surface to form a dendritic field in excess of 400 micrometers in diameter and about 500 micrometers deep. The primary dendrites may derive from any portion of the cell body surface, but they usually arise from the dorsal or lateral surfaces. The dendrites of Type II ganglion cells intermingle, giving them a dense arbor of dendrites that extend over large regions of the superior colliculus. The axon may originate from the cell body or a low order dendrite. It may project into the region superficial to the cell body (figs. 9, 14) or into the deep zones (fig. 15). The axon of the superficial projection is similar to other intrinsic axons except for being thicker. It branches frequently to form an arbor approximately as wide as the dendritic field, which it overlaps, but they are not necessarily coincident, nor is one contained within the other.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Langer

type III ganglion cell
type: Class
subclass of: wide field vertical cell
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus intermediate gray layer
comment: PMID: 4615112
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
definition: The Type III ganglion cells resemble Type II ganglion cells in most respects. They are multipolar with 3 4 primary dendrites, a cell body 20 to 25 micrometers in major diameter, and a dendritic field which may be more than 1000 micrometers in diameter. They differ in that some of their dendrites extend below the cell body and their cell bodies lie in the zone of optic fibers. The axon almost invariably runs down into the deep portion of the colliculus. Type III ganglion cells tend to have fewer, but thicker, dendrites passing through the first two zones than is usual for Type II ganglion cells. The dendrites are less spiny, branch less often, but like the other types of ganglion cells, they break up into many fine branches as they approach the surface, particularly in the upper portion of the zone of horizontal cells.

stellate neuron
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
definition: The third major category of cells in the superior colliculus is the stellate cell. The cells are defined by the lack of over to all orientation to the dendritic fields which extend symmetrically from the cell body. Stellate cells are multipolar with dendrites arising from any portion of the cell body. The dendrites may range anywhere from gnarled to radiate with the gnarled spiny cells most frequent in the zone of horizontal cells and the smooth radiate cells increasingly more frequent in the deeper zones until they are almost the only cell type in the zones below the stratum opticum. The dimensions of the cell bodies and dendritic fields are comparable to those of other cells in the same zone and the dendritic field is generally contained within the same zone as the cell body. The axons of stellate cells have both local and/or distant distributions and a morphology characteristic of intrinsic axons. As with all the other cell types, the axon may take its origin from the cell body or a low order dendrite.
comment: PMID: 4615112

Field CA3 stratum oriens
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA3
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

stellate cell of the zone of horizontal cells
type: Class
subclass of: stellate neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus superficial gray layer
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 4615112
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
definition: Collator note: this cell type is not explicitly defined, but is considered here as distinct, based on the definition of the stellate cells class (category) and Table 1 page 407.

stellate cell of the zone of vertical cells
type: Class
subclass of: stellate neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus optic layer
comment: PMID: 4615112
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
definition: Collator note: this cell type is not explicitly defined, but is considered here as distinct, based on the definition of the stellate cells class (category) and Table 1 page 407.

stellate cell of the zone of optic fibers
type: Class
subclass of: stellate neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus intermediate gray layer
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
definition: Collator note: this cell type is not explicitly defined, but is considered here as distinct, based on the definition of the stellate cells class (category) and Table 1 page 407.
comment: PMID: 4615112
contributor: Mihail Bota

multipolar cell (ganglion zone of SC)
type: Class
subclass of: stellate neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus intermediate gray layer sublayer a
comment: Nomenclature: Langer
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: Collator note: this cell type is not explicitly defined, but is considered here as distinct, based on the definition of the stellate cells class (category) and Table 1 page 407.
comment: PMID: 4615112

class A neuron
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal part of the lateral geniculate complex
comment: Nomenclature: Webster-Gabbott
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: The first and most common group (class A of Grossman et al. 1973) (Fig. 1) consists of cells which vary in soma diameter from 11 to 20 microns (mean = 14.0 microns). These cells have 4 to 8 primary dendrites, of roughly equal size, each of which branches between 6 and 12 microns from the soma to form 2 to 3 secondary dendrites. Secondary as well as tertiary dendrites (when present) possess irregularly spaced appendages which are either short and blunt in appearance, or appear as short, thin stalks with terminal swellings. These latter appendages were often seen at dendritic branch points, and resemble the grape to like clusters described on neurons of the cat LGN (Guillery 1966).
comment: PMID: 6094230

class B neuron
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
definition: The second group of cells seen in our Golgi material (class B of Grossman et al. 1973; Fig. 2) typically had small somas (10 microns) and only 2 to 3 primary dendrites which often extended several hundred microns from the soma. These primary dendrites usually branched only once and the secondary dendrites were rarely seen to branch. Thin, axon to like processes were occasionally seen arising from these cells (Fig. 2), but they could not be traced for any distance and could not be positively identified as axons. Class B cells were most commonly seen in the lateral portions of the nucleus, and their dendritic arbors were typically oriented parallel to the lateral border of the LGN. When members of this class had somas located away from the borders of the LGN, the orientation of their dendritic arbors was less pronounced (Fig. 2).
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Webster-Gabbott
comment: PMID: 6094230

B1 neuron
type: Class
subclass of: class B neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal part of the lateral geniculate complex
comment: Nomenclature: Webster-Gabbott
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 7884043
definition: Collator note: this neuron (type) is not explicitly defined in the associated reference. Is considered as a separate subpopulation of B interneurons, as GABA to positive/diaphorase negative neurons.

B2 neuron
type: Class
subclass of: class B neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal part of the lateral geniculate complex
comment: PMID: 7884043
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Webster-Gabbott
definition: Collator note: this neuron (type) is not explicitly defined in the associated reference. Is considered as a separate subpopulation of B interneurons, as GABA to positive/diaphorase positive neurons.

Field CA3 pyramidal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA3
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Field CA3 stratum radiatum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA3
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dentate gyrus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hippocampal region
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dentate gyrus crest
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate gyrus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Dentate gyrus crest molecular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate gyrus crest
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Dentate gyrus crest granule cell layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate gyrus crest
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Brain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system gray matter
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: In vertebrates, the brain is the rostral part of the central nervous system that lies within the cranium (Swanson, 2004, p. 165).

Dentate gyrus crest polymorph layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate gyrus crest
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dentate gyrus lateral blade
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate gyrus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dentate gyrus lateral blade molecular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate gyrus lateral blade
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Dentate gyrus lateral blade granule cell layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate gyrus lateral blade
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dentate gyrus lateral blade polymorph layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate gyrus lateral blade
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dentate gyrus medial blade
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate gyrus
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dentate gyrus medial blade molecular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate gyrus medial blade
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Dentate gyrus medial blade granule cell layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate gyrus medial blade
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dentate gyrus medial blade polymorph layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate gyrus medial blade
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Induseum griseum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hippocampal region
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Wyss and Sripanidkulchai 1983 (see note 12).

Cerebrum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Brain
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Definitions of the cerebrum have changed over the years, at one time it referred to the entire brain (that part of the CNS within the cranium). The term now commonly (though not universally) refers to the cerebral hemispheres or endbrain, that part of the cerebral hemispheres refers to the cerebral hemispheres or endbrain, that part of the neural tube derived from the lateral ventricular neuroepithelium. Based on the embryological data reviewed in Alvarez to Bolado et al. (1995) and Alvarez to Bolado and Swanson(1996), the cerebrum contains two major subdivisions: cerebral cortex and basal nuclei or ganglia. Note that the term amygdala and septal region no longer appears as major subdivisions of the endbrain, they are arbitrarily defined regions that contain heterogeneous nuclei and/or cortical areas.

Fasciola cinerea
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hippocampal region
definition: According to Hjorth to Simonsen 1972.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Somatic motor areas
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
definition: According to Donoghue and Wise 1982, Neafsey et al. 1986.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Primary motor area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Somatic motor areas
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Donoghue and Wise 1982, Neafsey et al. 1986.

Secondary motor area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Somatic motor areas
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Donoghue and Wise 1982, Neafsey et al. 1986.

Auditory areas
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Sally and Kelly 1988, Kelly and Sally 1988, Arnault and Roger 1990.

Primary auditory area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Auditory areas
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Sally and Kelly 1988, Kelly and Sally 1988, Arnault and Roger 1990.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dorsal auditory areas
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Auditory areas
definition: According to Azizi et al. 1985, Sally and Kelly 1988, Kelly and Sally 1988.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Ventral auditory areas
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Auditory areas
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Clear cytoarchitectonic differences between areas Te3 and Te2 (see Arnault and Roger 1990) were not observed.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Gustatory areas
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Kosar et al. 1986, Cechetto and Saper 1987.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Somatosensory areas
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: No description provided.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Cerebral cortex
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebrum
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The cerebral cortex has been divided into areas that may(isocortical) or may not (allocortical) be fitted into a basic six to layered scheme (Vogt and Vogt 1919), numbered 1 to 6 here. These terms are preferred to the equivalent homotypical and heterotypical of the Vogt pupil, Brodmann (1909), and to the terms neocortical, archicortical, and paleocortical (Ariens Kappers 1909) all of which imply unsubstantiated phylogenetic and ontogenetic attributes (see Lorente de No 1934, Ebbeson 1980). The olfactory cortex (including superficial parts of the amygdala) and hippocampal formation form the allocortex, as interpreted here. A traditional approach to naming cortical areas, based on Brodmann work and ultimately general for all mammals, has been adapted here. For another scheme, idiosyncratic to the rat, see Zilles and Wree (1995). Names of the 6 isocortical layers from superficial to deep, would include: 1, molecular layer, 2, superficial supragranular pyramidal layer, 3, deep supragranular pyramidal layer, 4, granular layer, 5, infragranular pyramidal layer, and 6, polymorph layer.

Primary somatosensory area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Somatosensory areas
definition: According to Chapin and Lin 1984, Sanderson et al. 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Primary somatosensory area barrel field
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Primary somatosensory area
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Chapin and Lin 1984, Sanderson et al. 1984.

Primary somatosensory area lower limb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Primary somatosensory area
definition: According to Chapin and Lin 1984, Sanderson et al. 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Primary somatosensory area mouth
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Primary somatosensory area
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Chapin and Lin 1984, Sanderson et al. 1984.

Primary somatosensory area nose
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Primary somatosensory area
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Chapin and Lin 1984, Sanderson et al. 1984.

Primary somatosensory area trunk
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Primary somatosensory area
definition: According to Chapin and Lin 1984, Sanderson et al. 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Primary somatosensory area upper limb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Primary somatosensory area
definition: According to Chapin and Lin 1984, Sanderson et al. 1984.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Supplemental somatosensory area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Somatosensory areas
definition: According to Welker and Sinha 1972, see also Chapin and Lin 1984.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Visceral area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Cechetto and Saper 1987.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Visual areas
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Sefton and Dreher 1985, Thomas and Espinosa 1987, reid and Juraska 1991. See also Coogan and Burkhalter 1993.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex
definition: The cerebral cortical plate consists in the adult of isocortical layers 1 to 6a and all layers of allocortex; it is derived from the embryonic cortical plate (Swanson, 2004, p. 166).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior laterolateral visual area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Visual areas
definition: According to Sefton and Dreher 1985, Thomas and Espinosa 1987, reid and Juraska 1991. See also Coogan and Burkhalter 1993.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterolateral visual area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Visual areas
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Sefton and Dreher 1985, Thomas and Espinosa 1987, reid and Juraska 1991. See also Coogan and Burkhalter 1993.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anteromedial visual area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Visual areas
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Sefton and Dreher 1985, Thomas and Espinosa 1987, reid and Juraska 1991. See also Coogan and Burkhalter 1993.

Intermediolateral visual area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Visual areas
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Sefton and Dreher 1985, Thomas and Espinosa 1987, reid and Juraska 1991. See also Coogan and Burkhalter 1993.

Laterolateral visual area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Visual areas
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Sefton and Dreher 1985, Thomas and Espinosa 1987, reid and Juraska 1991. See also Coogan and Burkhalter 1993.

Mediolateral visual area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Visual areas
definition: According to Sefton and Dreher 1985, Thomas and Espinosa 1987, reid and Juraska 1991. See also Coogan and Burkhalter 1993.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Posterolateral visual area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Visual areas
definition: According to Sefton and Dreher 1985, Thomas and Espinosa 1987, reid and Juraska 1991. See also Coogan and Burkhalter 1993.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Primary visual area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Visual areas
definition: According to Sefton and Dreher 1985, Thomas and Espinosa 1987, reid and Juraska 1991. See also Coogan and Burkhalter 1993.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Rostrolateral visual area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Visual areas
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Sefton and Dreher 1985, Thomas and Espinosa 1987, reid and Juraska 1991. See also Coogan and Burkhalter 1993.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Agranular insular area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Cechetto and Saper 1987.

Olfactory areas
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Defined here as regions of the cortical mantle that receive direct input from the olfactory nerve (primary, see Brodmann 1909), or from the main and accessory olfactory bulbs (unimodal association, see Price 1987). The latter also includes superficial regions of the amygdala (the NLOT, COA, PAA, and TR), and it is important to point out that the entorhinal area of the hippocampal formation also receives direct olfactory input (Kosel et al. 1981), although it receives many other types of sensory information and thus not usually included in the olfactory region.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Agranular insular area dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Agranular insular area
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1977.

Agranular insular area ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Agranular insular area
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1977.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Agranular insular area posterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Agranular insular area
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1977.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Anterior cingulate area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1977, Vogt and Peters 1981.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior cingulate area dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior cingulate area
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1977, Vogt and Peters 1981.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Anterior cingulate area ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior cingulate area
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1977, Vogt and Peters 1981.

Ectorhinal area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Krieg 1946a, b, Miller and Vogt 1984, see note 40.

Infralimbic area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
definition: According to Krettek and Price, Vogt and Peters 1981.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Orbital area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1977, our parcellation of these topologically difficult areas was greatly aided by examining sections cut in the three standard plans.

Orbital area lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Orbital area
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1977, our parcellation of these topologically difficult areas was greatly aided by examining sections cut in the three standard plans.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Main olfactory bulb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory areas
definition: According to Gurdjian 1925, Shipley et al. 1996
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Orbital area medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Orbital area
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1977, our parcellation of these topologically difficult areas was greatly aided by examining sections cut in the three standard plans.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Orbital area ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Orbital area
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1977, our parcellation of these topologically difficult areas was greatly aided by examining sections cut in the three standard plans.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Orbital area ventrolateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Orbital area
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1977, our parcellation of these topologically difficult areas was greatly aided by examining sections cut in the three standard plans.

Perirhinal area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Krieg 1946a, b, Deacon et al. 1983.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Posterior parietal association areas
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This region appears to lie between unimodal somatosensory and visual areas and receives inputs from the lateral posterior nucleus, to this extent it may correspond to posterior parietal association areas in primates and other mammals, see Hughes 1977, Miller and Vogt 1984.

Prelimbic area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1977, Vogt and Peters 1981.

Retrosplenial area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Vogt and Miller 1983.

Retrosplenial area dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retrosplenial area
definition: This is the so to called agranular region of the retrosplenial area, see Krettek and Price 1977, Vogt and Miller 1983.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Retrosplenial area lateral agranular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retrosplenial area
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold et al. 1997.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Retrosplenial area ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retrosplenial area
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This is the so to called granular region of the retrosplenial area, we could not distinguish clearly zones b and c of Miller and Vogt 1983; see also Sripanidkulchai and Wyss 1987 for information about lamination.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Main olfactory bulb, glomerular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Main olfactory bulb
definition: None provided.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Retrosplenial area ventral part zone a
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retrosplenial area ventral part
definition: This is the so to called granular region of the retrosplenial area, we could not distinguish clearly zones b and c of Miller and Vogt 1983; see also Sripanidkulchai and Wyss 1987 for information about lamination.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Retrosplenial area ventral part zone b/c
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retrosplenial area ventral part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This is the so to called granular region of the retrosplenial area, we could not distinguish clearly zones b and c of Miller and Vogt 1983; see also Sripanidkulchai and Wyss 1987 for information about lamination.

Ventral temporal association areas
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
definition: We have recognized two distinct fields in the temporal region between the visual and auditory cortices dorsally and the perirhinal area ventrally. Krieg (1946a) appears to have regarded this entire area as ECT, more in keeping with Brodmann (1909), we suggest that the dorsal part of this region (where layer 4 is still recognizable) may correspond to temporal association cortex (perhaps in the dorsal, middle, and inferior temporal gyri of humans), and have labeled it TEv; we have retained ECT for the distinct ventral area, just dorsal to the perirhinal area, where layers 2 and 4 are quite indistinct. The architecture and connections of this region require more analysis.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Layer 6b(layer 7, subplate, deep cortex, claustral complex)
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The structures listed here develop dorsal to the basal nuclei, and apparently deep to the cortical plate (although this remains controversial). Their projection neurons appear to use excitatory aminoacids rahter than GABA (which is used by most basal nuclear projection neurons). Many suggesyions in the older and more recent literature indicate that the deep amygdalar nuclei listed here are related to the claustrum, and the endopiriform nucleus was often included in the older literature. Fiber tracts perhaps analogous to the extreme capsule lie superficial to layer 6b (Vanvelde et al. 1996) and the endopiriform nucleus. The embryological origin of isocortical layer 6b is unclear (subplate, or deep cortical plate, see next note).

Layer 6b, isocortex
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Layer 6b(layer 7, subplate, deep cortex, claustral complex)
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Accorindg to Divak et al. 1987, Valverde et al. 1987, 1995, Vandevelde et al. 1996 (but see Price et al. 1997). Layer 6b in the rat may be a rather unique structure.

Claustrum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Layer 6b(layer 7, subplate, deep cortex, claustral complex)
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1977, 1978.

Endopiriform nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Layer 6b(layer 7, subplate, deep cortex, claustral complex)
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1978. This nucleus appears to form the olfactory component of the claustrum, deep to the piriform area (see also Gurdjian 1928).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Endopiriform nucleus dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Endopiriform nucleus
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1978. This nucleus appears to form the olfactory component of the claustrum, deep to the piriform area (see also Gurdjian 1928).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Endopiriform nucleus ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Endopiriform nucleus
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1978. This nucleus appears to form the olfactory component of the claustrum, deep to the piriform area (see also Gurdjian 1928).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral nucleus of the amygdala
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Layer 6b(layer 7, subplate, deep cortex, claustral complex)
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1978. The basolateral complex of the amygdala is included here because it develops just superficial to the extrenal capsule, which has been misidentified in the region of the amygdala (see atlas levels 24 to 31). What we have called the amygdalar capsule is a fiber tract along the lateral border of this complex, and we suggest it is part of a fiber syste within, and lateral to (for example, the extreme capsule) the subplate or deep cortex.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Main olfactory bulb, outer plexiform layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Main olfactory bulb
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None provided

Basolateral nucleus of the amygdala
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Layer 6b(layer 7, subplate, deep cortex, claustral complex)
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1978. The basolateral complex of the amygdala is included here because it develops just superficial to the extrenal capsule, which has been misidentified in the region of the amygdala (see atlas levels 24 to 31). What we have called the amygdalar capsule is a fiber tract along the lateral border of this complex, and we suggest it is part of a fiber syste within, and lateral to (for example, the extreme capsule) the subplate or deep cortex.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Basolateral nucleus of the amygdala anterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Basolateral nucleus of the amygdala
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1978. The basolateral complex of the amygdala is included here because it develops just superficial to the extrenal capsule, which has been misidentified in the region of the amygdala (see atlas levels 24 to 31). What we have called the amygdalar capsule is a fiber tract along the lateral border of this complex, and we suggest it is part of a fiber syste within, and lateral to (for example, the extreme capsule) the subplate or deep cortex.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Basolateral nucleus of the amygdala posterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Basolateral nucleus of the amygdala
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Krettek and Price 1978. The basolateral complex of the amygdala is included here because it develops just superficial to the extrenal capsule, which has been misidentified in the region of the amygdala (see atlas levels 24 to 31). What we have called the amygdalar capsule is a fiber tract along the lateral border of this complex, and we suggest it is part of a fiber syste within, and lateral to (for example, the extreme capsule) the subplate or deep cortex.

Basomedial nucleus of the amygdala
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Layer 6b(layer 7, subplate, deep cortex, claustral complex)
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to de Olmos et al. 2985, Canteras et al. 1992, Petrovich et al. 1996.

Basomedial nucleus of the amygdala anterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Basomedial nucleus of the amygdala
definition: According to de Olmos et al. 2985, Canteras et al. 1992, Petrovich et al. 1996.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Basomedial nucleus of the amygdala posterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Basomedial nucleus of the amygdala
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to de Olmos et al. 2985, Canteras et al. 1992, Petrovich et al. 1996.

Posterior nucleus of the amygdala
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Layer 6b(layer 7, subplate, deep cortex, claustral complex)
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Canteras et al. 1992a.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Basal Nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebrum
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: In mammals, lateral and medial ventricular ridges develop into the classical striatum and pallidum, respectively (see Alvarez to Bolado and Swanson 1996 for review). To simplify endbrain organization, we have placed all regions that appear to develop from the ventricular ridges into either the pallidum or striatum, broadly defined. In general, cortex projects to striatum (and sometimes pallidum) via excitatory inputs, striatum projects to pallidum via inhibitory inputs, and both striatum and pallidum generate inhibitory decending projections. Justification for the organization scheme presented here, based on connections, is in preparation.

Striatum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Basal Nuclei
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The striatum is the lateral (also referred to as dorsal) subdivision of the cerebral nuclei and receives a topographic projection from virtually the entire cerebral cortex; it may be divided into dorsal, ventral, medial, and caudorostral regions (Swanson, 2000, p. 133; 2004, pp. 166 to 70).

Striatum dorsal region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: In mammals, lateral and medial ventricular ridges develop into the classical striatum and pallidum, respectively (see Alvarez to Bolado and Swanson 1996 for review). To simplify endbrain organization, we have placed all regions that appear to develop from the ventricular ridges into either the pallidum or striatum, broadly defined. In general, cortex projects to striatum (and sometimes pallidum) via excitatory inputs, striatum projects to pallidum via inhibitory inputs, and both striatum and pallidum generate inhibitory decending projections. Justification for the organization scheme presented here, based on connections, is in preparation.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Organism
type: Class
subclass of: Anatomical structure
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Main olfactory bulb, mitral layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Main olfactory bulb
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Caudoputamen
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum dorsal region
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Graybiel and Ragsdale 1979.

Striatum ventral region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum
definition: In mammals, lateral and medial ventricular ridges develop into the classical striatum and pallidum, respectively (see Alvarez to Bolado and Swanson 1996 for review). To simplify endbrain organization, we have placed all regions that appear to develop from the ventricular ridges into either the pallidum or striatum, broadly defined. In general, cortex projects to striatum (and sometimes pallidum) via excitatory inputs, striatum projects to pallidum via inhibitory inputs, and both striatum and pallidum generate inhibitory decending projections. Justification for the organization scheme presented here, based on connections, is in preparation.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus accumbens
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum ventral region
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: There is no morphologically distinct boundary between this ventromedial region of the striatum and the caudoputamen. Gurdjian (1928) first defined the nucleus accumbens in the rat as that part of the ventromedial striatum lacking massive bundles of ascending and descending fibers, which is still a useful working criterion.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Fundus of the striatum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum ventral region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The cytoarchitecture of this ventrolateral region of the striatum just deep to the substantia innominata is more heterogeneous than that of the nucleus accumbens and especially the caudoputamen. While the term fundus of the striatum (fundus striati of Heimer 1972) has been used here and there in recent literature, its borders have not been clearly defined, it is used here to refer to the region identified as the substriatal gray by Crosby and Humphrey (1941).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Olfactory tubercle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum ventral region
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Price 1973, Millhouse and Heimer 1984.

Olfactory tubercle molecular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory tubercle
definition: According to Price 1973, Millhouse and Heimer 1984.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Olfactory tubercle pyramidal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory tubercle
definition: According to Price 1973, Millhouse and Heimer 1984.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Olfactory tubercle polymorph layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory tubercle
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Price 1973, Millhouse and Heimer 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Islands of Calleja
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory tubercle
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Meyer et al. 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Major island of Calleja
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory tubercle
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1928.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Main olfactory bulb, inner plexiform layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Main olfactory bulb
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Striatum caudal (amygdalar) region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: In mammals, lateral and medial ventricular ridges develop into the classical striatum and pallidum, respectively (see Alvarez to Bolado and Swanson 1996 for review). To simplify endbrain organization, we have placed all regions that appear to develop from the ventricular ridges into either the pallidum or striatum, broadly defined. In general, cortex projects to striatum (and sometimes pallidum) via excitatory inputs, striatum projects to pallidum via inhibitory inputs, and both striatum and pallidum generate inhibitory decending projections. Justification for the organization scheme presented here, based on connections, is in preparation.

Anterior amygdaloid area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum caudal (amygdalar) region
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This term was introduced by Gurdjian (1928) to describe an ill to defined region that essentially all later workers have defined somewhat differently, depending on how better to differentiated neighboring cell groups have been defined, we have followed in this tradition here.

Central nucleus of amygdala
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum caudal (amygdalar) region
definition: We have followed McDonald (1982) parcellation into medial, lateral and capsular parts, although it is clear that the nucleus is much more complex than this. Intermediate part of McDonald was not recognized, it appears to fall within the lateral part as outlined here. The central and medial amygdalar nuclei receive cortical inputs and generate descending GABAergic projections, like the rest of the striatum. They also project to the BST, which we regard as pallidal.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Central nucleus of amygdala medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nucleus of amygdala
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: We have followed McDonald (1982) parcellation into medial, lateral and capsular parts, although it is clear that the nucleus is much more complex than this. Intermediate part of McDonald was not recognized, it appears to fall within the lateral part as outlined here. The central and medial amygdalar nuclei receive cortical inputs and generate descending GABAergic projections, like the rest of the striatum. They also project to the BST, which we regard as pallidal.

Central nucleus of amygdala lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nucleus of amygdala
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: We have followed McDonald (1982) parcellation into medial, lateral and capsular parts, although it is clear that the nucleus is much more complex than this. Intermediate part of McDonald was not recognized, it appears to fall within the lateral part as outlined here. The central and medial amygdalar nuclei receive cortical inputs and generate descending GABAergic projections, like the rest of the striatum. They also project to the BST, which we regard as pallidal.

Central nucleus of amygdala capsular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nucleus of amygdala
definition: We have followed McDonald (1982) parcellation into medial, lateral and capsular parts, although it is clear that the nucleus is much more complex than this. Intermediate part of McDonald was not recognized, it appears to fall within the lateral part as outlined here. The central and medial amygdalar nuclei receive cortical inputs and generate descending GABAergic projections, like the rest of the striatum. They also project to the BST, which we regard as pallidal.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Medial nucleus of the amygdala
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum caudal (amygdalar) region
definition: According to DeOlmos et al. 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial nucleus of the amygdala anterodorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial nucleus of the amygdala
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to DeOlmos et al. 1985.

Medial nucleus of the amygdala anteroventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial nucleus of the amygdala
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to DeOlmos et al. 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Medial nucleus of the amygdala posterodorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial nucleus of the amygdala
definition: According to DeOlmos et al. 1985.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Main olfactory bulb, granule layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Main olfactory bulb
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Medial nucleus of the amygdala posterodorsal part,sublayer a
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial nucleus of the amygdala posterodorsal part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to DeOlmos et al. 1985.

Medial nucleus of the amygdala posterodorsal part,sublayer b
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial nucleus of the amygdala posterodorsal part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to DeOlmos et al. 1985.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial nucleus of the amygdala posterodorsal part,sublayer c
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial nucleus of the amygdala posterodorsal part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to DeOlmos et al. 1985.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial nucleus of the amygdala posteroventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial nucleus of the amygdala
definition: According to DeOlmos et al. 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum caudal (amygdalar) region
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Scalia and Winans 1975. This tiny cell group may simply be a part of the medial nucleus of the amygdala.

Intercalated nuclei of the amygdala
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum caudal (amygdalar) region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Millhouse 1986.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Striatum medial (septal) region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: In mammals, lateral and medial ventricular ridges develop into the classical striatum and pallidum, respectively (see Alvarez to Bolado and Swanson 1996 for review). To simplify endbrain organization, we have placed all regions that appear to develop from the ventricular ridges into either the pallidum or striatum, broadly defined. In general, cortex projects to striatum (and sometimes pallidum) via excitatory inputs, striatum projects to pallidum via inhibitory inputs, and both striatum and pallidum generate inhibitory decending projections. Justification for the organization scheme presented here, based on connections, is in preparation.

Lateral septal complex
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Striatum medial (septal) region
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral septal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal complex
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Accessory olfactory bulb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory areas
definition: According to Gurdjian 1925, Shipley et al. 1996.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part dorsal zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part dorsal zone rostral region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part dorsal zone
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part dorsal zone dorsal region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part dorsal zone
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part dorsal zone lateral region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part dorsal zone
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part dorsal zone ventral region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part dorsal zone
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone medial region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone medial region dorsal domain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone medial region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone medial region ventral domain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone medial region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone intermediate region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.

Accessory olfactory bulb, glomerular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Accessory olfactory bulb
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: None provided
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone lateral region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone lateral region dorsal domain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone lateral region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone lateral region ventral domain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part ventral zone lateral region
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part medial zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part medial zone dorsal region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part medial zone
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part medial zone ventral region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part medial zone
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part medial zone ventral region rostral domain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part medial zone ventral region
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part medial zone ventral region caudal domain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part medial zone ventral region
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part ventrolateral zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Accessory olfactory bulb, mitral layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Accessory olfactory bulb
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part ventrolateral zone dorsal region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part ventrolateral zone
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part ventrolateral zone dorsal region medial domain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part ventrolateral zone dorsal region
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part ventrolateral zone dorsal region lateral domain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part ventrolateral zone dorsal region
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part ventrolateral zone ventral region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part ventrolateral zone
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part dorsolateral zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part dorsolateral zone medial region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part dorsolateral zone
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part dorsolateral zone medial region dorsal domain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part dorsolateral zone medial region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part dorsolateral zone medial region ventral domain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part dorsolateral zone medial region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part dorsolateral zone lateral region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part dorsolateral zone
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part dorsolateral zone lateral region dorsal domain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part dorsolateral zone lateral region
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Accessory olfactory bulb, granular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Accessory olfactory bulb
definition: None provided
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part dorsolateral zone lateral region ventral domain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part dorsolateral zone lateral region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.

Lateral septal nucleus ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Septofimbrial nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal complex
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Septohippocampal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral septal complex
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1997a, b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Pallidum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Basal Nuclei
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The pallidum is the medial (also referred to as ventral) division of the cerebral nuclei and receives a topographic projection from the entire striatum; it may be divided into dorsal, ventral, medial, and caudorostral regions (Swanson, 2000, p. 133; 2004, pp. 166 to 70).

Pallidum rostral region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pallidum
definition: In mammals, lateral and medial ventricular ridges develop into the classical striatum and pallidum, respectively (see Alvarez to Bolado and Swanson 1996 for review). To simplify endbrain organization, we have placed all regions that appear to develop from the ventricular ridges into either the pallidum or striatum, broadly defined. In general, cortex projects to striatum (and sometimes pallidum) via excitatory inputs, striatum projects to pallidum via inhibitory inputs, and both striatum and pallidum generate inhibitory decending projections. Justification for the organization scheme presented here, based on connections, is in preparation.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pallidum rostral region
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division anterodorsal area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division anterodorsal area proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division anterodorsal area
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This subregion of the BSTad contains the rostral and caudal parts of this nucleus. See levels 16 to 19 from Atlas.

Anterior olfactory nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory areas
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division anterodorsal area central core
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division anterodorsal area
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterolateral area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division anteroventral area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis juxtacapsular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis rhomboid nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division dorsomedial nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division dorsolateral nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division fusiform nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division ventral nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Anterior olfactory nucleus dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division magnocellular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division, subcommisural zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division principal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division interfascicular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division transverse nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division premedullary nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division dorsal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division strial extension
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division cell-sparse zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ju and Swanson 1989.

Anterior olfactory nucleus dorsal part molecular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus dorsal part
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Bed nucleus of the anterior commissure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pallidum rostral region
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1925, Swanson and Cowan 1979.

Bed nucleus of the stria medularis
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pallidum rostral region
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Risold and Swanson 1995b.

Pallidum dorsal region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pallidum
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: In mammals, lateral and medial ventricular ridges develop into the classical striatum and pallidum, respectively (see Alvarez to Bolado and Swanson 1996 for review). To simplify endbrain organization, we have placed all regions that appear to develop from the ventricular ridges into either the pallidum or striatum, broadly defined. In general, cortex projects to striatum (and sometimes pallidum) via excitatory inputs, striatum projects to pallidum via inhibitory inputs, and both striatum and pallidum generate inhibitory decending projections. Justification for the organization scheme presented here, based on connections, is in preparation.

Globus pallidus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pallidum dorsal region
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1928, Graybiel and Ragsdale 1979, Van der Kooy and Carter 1981, Rajakumar et al. 1993. In the rat the lateral segment is often referred to as the globus pallidus, whereas the medial segment is often to referred to as the entopeduncular nucleus. This anomalous nomenclature will probably gradually disappear.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Globus pallidus lateral segment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Globus pallidus
definition: According to Gurdjian 1928, Graybiel and Ragsdale 1979, Van der Kooy and Carter 1981, Rajakumar et al. 1993. In the rat the lateral segment is often referred to as the globus pallidus, whereas the medial segment is often to referred to as the entopeduncular nucleus. This anomalous nomenclature will probably gradually disappear.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Globus pallidus medial segment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Globus pallidus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1928, Graybiel and Ragsdale 1979, Van der Kooy and Carter 1981, Rajakumar et al. 1993. In the rat the lateral segment is often referred to as the globus pallidus, whereas the medial segment is often to referred to as the entopeduncular nucleus. This anomalous nomenclature will probably gradually disappear.

Pallidum ventral region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pallidum
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: In mammals, lateral and medial ventricular ridges develop into the classical striatum and pallidum, respectively (see Alvarez to Bolado and Swanson 1996 for review). To simplify endbrain organization, we have placed all regions that appear to develop from the ventricular ridges into either the pallidum or striatum, broadly defined. In general, cortex projects to striatum (and sometimes pallidum) via excitatory inputs, striatum projects to pallidum via inhibitory inputs, and both striatum and pallidum generate inhibitory decending projections. Justification for the organization scheme presented here, based on connections, is in preparation.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Substantia innominata
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pallidum ventral region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Jones et al. 1976. This region has been renamed the ventral pallidum (see Alheid and Heimer 1988), and contains a characteristic subpopulation of scattered, cortically projecting cholinergic neurons (Rye et al. 1984) that in some animals (especially primates) form distinct cell clusters within the substantia innominata, known as the basal nuclei of Meynert (see Gory 1963). These cholinergic cells extend into the medial septal complex, magnocellular preoptic nucleus, and perhaps lateral preoptic area. The term magnocellular basal nucleus has been introduced to refer to the basal cholinergic neurons that project to the cerebral cortex (Saper 1984).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Magnocellular preoptic nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pallidum ventral region
definition: This nucleus comes as close to a basal nucleus of Meynert as anything in the rat. Cholinergic neurons here innervate preferentially in the olfactory bulb. Whether it is in fact of the preoptic hypothalamus, derived from third ventricular neuroepithelium, is doubtful. See Swanson 1976a; Rye et al. 1984 and notes 62 and 64.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial septal complex
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pallidum ventral region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Swanson and Cowan 1979. There is no morphologically distinct border between the medial spetal nucleus and nucleus of the diagonal band, although an arbitrary border is often drawn at the widest point of the complex (see Atlas level 16). This level also shows that is often convenient to describe horizontal and vertical limbs of the nucleus of the diagonal band (Raisman 1966). Unfortunately, Price and Powell (1970) applied the term nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band to a laterally adjacent cell group that had been widely referred to as the magnocellular preoptic nucleus since the time of Loo (1931), and that projects to the olfactory bulb rather than the hippocampal formation (see not 62).

Cell
type: Class
subclass of: Anatomical structure
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Cells are any of the minute protoplasmic masses that form organized tissue; they consist of a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm that contains various organelles, and are enclosed by a plasma membrane. They are the fundamental structural and functional units of living organisms (Dorland Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 2003, p. 315).

Anterior olfactory nucleus dorsal part pyramidal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus dorsal part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial septal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial septal complex
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Swanson and Cowan 1979. There is no morphologically distinct border between the medial spetal nucleus and nucleus of the diagonal band, although an arbitrary border is often drawn at the widest point of the complex (see Atlas level 16). This level also shows that is often convenient to describe horizontal and vertical limbs of the nucleus of the diagonal band (Raisman 1966). Unfortunately, Price and Powell (1970) applied the term nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band to a laterally adjacent cell group that had been widely referred to as the magnocellular preoptic nucleus since the time of Loo (1931), and that projects to the olfactory bulb rather than the hippocampal formation (see not 62).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus of the diagonal band
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial septal complex
definition: Swanson and Cowan 1979. There is no morphologically distinct border between the medial spetal nucleus and nucleus of the diagonal band, although an arbitrary border is often drawn at the widest point of the complex (see Atlas level 16). This level also shows that is often convenient to describe horizontal and vertical limbs of the nucleus of the diagonal band (Raisman 1966). Unfortunately, Price and Powell (1970) applied the term nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band to a laterally adjacent cell group that had been widely referred to as the magnocellular preoptic nucleus since the time of Loo (1931), and that projects to the olfactory bulb rather than the hippocampal formation (see not 62).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Triangular nucleus of the septum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pallidum ventral region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson and Cowan 1979.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Cerebellum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Brain
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The adult cerebellum develops from dorsal regions of the embryonic pontine secondary vesicle and may be divided into cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei (Swanson, 2004, p. 166).

Cerebellar cortex
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellum
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Vermal regions
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellar cortex
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lingula (l)
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vermal regions
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Central lobule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vermal regions
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Central lobule, lobule II
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central lobule
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Central lobule, lobule II sublobule a
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central lobule, lobule II
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Anterior olfactory nucleus external part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Central lobule, lobule II sublobule b
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central lobule, lobule II
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Central lobule, lobule III
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central lobule
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Central lobule, lobule III sublobule a
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central lobule, lobule III
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Central lobule, lobule III sublobule b
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central lobule, lobule III
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Culmen
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vermal regions
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Culmen lobule IV
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Culmen
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Culmen lobule V
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Culmen
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Declive (VI)
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vermal regions
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Declive, sublobule a
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Declive (VI)
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Declive, sublobule b
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Declive (VI)
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior olfactory nucleus external part molecular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus external part
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Declive, sublobule c
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Declive (VI)
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Declive, sublobule d
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Declive (VI)
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Folium-tuber vermis (VII)
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vermal regions
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Pyramus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vermal regions
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Pyramus sublobule a
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Pyramus sublobule b
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Uvula (IX)
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vermal regions
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Uvula (IX) sublobule ab
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Uvula (IX)
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Uvula (IX) sublobule c
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Uvula (IX)
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nodulus (X)
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vermal regions
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Anterior olfactory nucleus external part pyramidal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus external part
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nodulus sublobule a
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nodulus (X)
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nodulus sublobule b
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nodulus (X)
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Hemispheric regions
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellar cortex
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Simple lobule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hemispheric regions
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Simple lobule sublobule a
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Simple lobule
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Simple lobule sublobule b
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Simple lobule
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Ansiform lobule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hemispheric regions
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ansiform lobule crus 1
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ansiform lobule
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ansiform lobule crus 1 sublobule a
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ansiform lobule crus 1
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ansiform lobule crus 1 sublobule b
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ansiform lobule crus 1
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Anterior olfactory nucleus lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ansiform lobule crus 1 sublobule c
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ansiform lobule crus 1
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ansiform lobule crus 1 sublobule d
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ansiform lobule crus 1
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Ansiform lobule crus 2
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ansiform lobule
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ansiform lobule crus 2 sublobule a
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ansiform lobule crus 2
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ansiform lobule crus 2 sublobule b
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ansiform lobule crus 2
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Paramedian lobule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hemispheric regions
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Copula pyramidis
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hemispheric regions
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).

Copula pyramidis sublobule a
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Copula pyramidis
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Copula pyramidis sublobule b
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Copula pyramidis
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Paraflocculus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hemispheric regions
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior olfactory nucleus lateral part molecular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus lateral part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Flocculus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hemispheric regions
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Larsell 1952, 1970, Palay and Chan to Palay 1974, Voogd et al. 1985. The cerebellar cortex has three layers: molecular (CBXm), Purkinje (CBXp), and granule cell (CBXg). The surface map provided by Campbell and Armstrong (1983) was particularly useful in constructing the flatmap. Note that the brain used for this atlas had one apparently unsual feature in the cerebellum (not illustrated in the above references): a very large fissure that we have called the pyramidal fissure (atlas levels 64 to 70).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Deep cerebellar nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellum
definition: According to Korneliussen 1968, Voogd et al. 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Fastigial nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Deep cerebellar nuclei
definition: According to Korneliussen 1968, Voogd et al. 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Interposed nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Deep cerebellar nuclei
definition: According to Korneliussen 1968, Voogd et al. 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Interposed nucleus parvicellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interposed nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Korneliussen 1968, Voogd et al. 1985.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Interposed nucleus proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interposed nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Korneliussen 1968, Voogd et al. 1985.

Dentate nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Deep cerebellar nuclei
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Korneliussen 1968, Voogd et al. 1985.

Dentate nucleus parvicellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Korneliussen 1968, Voogd et al. 1985.

Dentate nucleus proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dentate nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Korneliussen 1968, Voogd et al. 1985.

Brainstem
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Brain
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Brainstem means different things to different authors. Here we include the interbrain, midbrain, and the hindbrain. The neuroendocrine motor system is centered in the interbrain, whereas autonomic and somatic motoneuron pools are found in the midbrain and hindbrain (and of course spinal cord).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior olfactory nucleus lateral part pyramidal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus lateral part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Interbrain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Brainstem
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Brainstem means different things to different authors. Here we include the interbrain, midbrain, and the hindbrain. The neuroendocrine motor system is centered in the interbrain, whereas autonomic and somatic motoneuron pools are found in the midbrain and hindbrain (and of course spinal cord).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interbrain
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The thalamus as defined here is the part of the sensory system that includes all nuclei derived from the embryonic dorsal thalamus, along with the adjacent reticular nucleus of the thalamus (Swanson, 2004, pp. 171 to 2).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dorsal Thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: These nuclei project in a topographically organized way to virtually all parts of the cortical mantle.

Anterior group of the dorsal thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal Thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927. These nuclei preferentially innervate the cingulate region and hippocampal formation.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Anteroventral nucleus of thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior group of the dorsal thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Krieg 1944.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Anteromedial nucleus of thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior group of the dorsal thalamus
definition: According to Krieg 1944.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Anteromedial nucleus of thalamus dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anteromedial nucleus of thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Canteras and Swanson 1992a.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Anteromedial nucleus of thalamus ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anteromedial nucleus of thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Canteras and Swanson 1992a.

Anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior group of the dorsal thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Krieg 1944, Rose 1942.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Interanteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior group of the dorsal thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior olfactory nucleus medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).

Interanterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior group of the dorsal thalamus
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Rose 1942.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior group of the dorsal thalamus
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Thompson and Robertson 1987.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial group of the dorsal thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal Thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: These nuclei preferentially innervate the prefrontal region.

Mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial group of the dorsal thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Krieg 1944, Krettek and Price 1977.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Krieg 1944, Krettek and Price 1977.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus central part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Krieg 1944, Krettek and Price 1977.

Mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Krieg 1944, Krettek and Price 1977.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Intermediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Krieg 1944, Krettek and Price 1977.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Submedial nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial group of the dorsal thalamus
definition: According to Krieg 1944, Price and Slotnick 1983.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Perireunensis nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial group of the dorsal thalamus
definition: According to Brittain 1988.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior olfactory nucleus medial part molecular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus medial part
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).

Midline group of the dorsal thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal Thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Macchi and Bentivoglio 1986, Berendse and Groenewegen 1991. These nuclei preferentially innervate the cingulate region, hippocampal formation and amygdala.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midline group of the dorsal thalamus
definition: According to Krieg 1944.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Parataenial nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midline group of the dorsal thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927.

Nucleus reuniens
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midline group of the dorsal thalamus
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Risold et al 1997.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus reuniens rostral division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus reuniens
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None provided

Nucleus reuniens rostral division rostral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus reuniens rostral division
definition: None provided
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus reuniens rostral division dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus reuniens rostral division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus reuniens rostral division ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus reuniens rostral division
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None provided

Nucleus reuniens rostral division lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus reuniens rostral division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: None provided

Nucleus reuniens rostral division median part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus reuniens rostral division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Anterior olfactory nucleus medial part pyramidal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus medial part
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).

Nucleus reuniens rostral division anterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus reuniens rostral division
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: No description provided.

Nucleus reuniens caudal division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus reuniens
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: None provided
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus reuniens caudal division caudal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus reuniens caudal division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus reuniens caudal division dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus reuniens caudal division
definition: None provided
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus reuniens caudal division median part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus reuniens caudal division
definition: None provided
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus reuniens caudal division posterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus reuniens caudal division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: A part of the nucleus reuniens, caudal division.

Intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal Thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Macchi and Bentivoglio 1986, Berendse and Groenewegen 1991. These nonspecific nuclei have somewhat wider projections to the cortex than many other thalamic nuclei.

Rhomboid nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Krieg 1944.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Central medial nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Jones and Leavitt 1974.

Paracentral nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Jones and Leavitt 1974.

Nervous system
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Organism
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The nervous system is that part of the body characterized microscopically by nerve cells and glial cells (Bullock and Horridge, 1965, pp. 6, 95); in vertebrates it consists macroscopically of central (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral (nerves, ganglia, and plexuses) divisions (Swanson, 2003, p. 40 ff.; 2004, p. 166).

Anterior olfactory nucleus posteroventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Central lateral nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Jones and Leavitt 1974.

Parafascicular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927. A closely related centre median nucleus is now commonly identified in primates but not rodents. However, Krieg (1944) pointed out what he regarded as the equivalent of a centre median nucleus in the rat, as did Kruger et al. 1995.

Lateral group of the dorsal thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal Thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: These nuclei preferentially innervate association areas in the parietal, temporal, and occipital regions.

Lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral group of the dorsal thalamus
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Price 1995. This cell group, which includes the pulvinar complex of many other species, has been little studied in the rat.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Posterior complex of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral group of the dorsal thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Feldman and Kruger 1980, Price 1995, Fabri and Burton 1991, Diamond et al. 1992.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Suprageniculate nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral group of the dorsal thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to LeDoux et al. 1987, Clerici and Coleman 1990.

Posterior limiting nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral group of the dorsal thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to LeDoux et al. 1987, Clerici and Coleman 1990.

Ventral group of the dorsal thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal Thalamus
definition: These nuclei innervate preferentially somatic sensory and motor cortical areas.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Ventral anterior-lateral complex of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral group of the dorsal thalamus
definition: According to Sawyer et al. 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ventral medial nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral group of the dorsal thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Herkenham 1979.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior olfactory nucleus posteroventral part molecular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus posteroventral part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Ventral posterior complex of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral group of the dorsal thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: None provided.

Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral posterior complex of the thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Lund and Webster 1976b, Faull and Mehler 1985, Emmers 1988.

Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus parvicellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Cechetto and Saper 1987.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral posterior complex of the thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Lund and Webster 1976a, Faull and Mehler 1985, Emmers 1988.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus parvicellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Cechetto and Saper 1987.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Geniculate group of the dorsal thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal Thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: These nuclei innervate preferentially auditory and visual cortical areas.

Medial geniculate complex
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Geniculate group of the dorsal thalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Winer and Laurue 1987, Clerici and Coleman 1990.

Medial geniculate complex dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial geniculate complex
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Winer and Laurue 1987, Clerici and Coleman 1990.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Medial geniculate complex ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial geniculate complex
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Winer and Laurue 1987, Clerici and Coleman 1990.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial geniculate complex medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial geniculate complex
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Winer and Laurue 1987, Clerici and Coleman 1990.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior olfactory nucleus posteroventral part pyramidal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior olfactory nucleus posteroventral part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This nucleus is an area of the olfactory cortex, with molecular layer (1) and a pyramidal layer (2), except for the external part, the divisions are baased on position, not architecture (see Haberly and Price 1978b).

Dorsal part of the lateral geniculate complex
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Geniculate group of the dorsal thalamus
definition: According to Reese 1988.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Subfornical organ
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal Thalamus
definition: According to Shaver et al. 1990. It is difficult to clasify the SFO. It develops in the roof plate, at the junction between interbrain and endbrain, and is essentially a humoral sensory nucleus.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Epithalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: These nuclei do not project to the endbrain.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial habenula
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Epithalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1925, Herkenham and Nauta 1979.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Medial habenula dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial habenula
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Wada et al. 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial habenula ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial habenula
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Wada et al. 1989.

Lateral habenula
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Epithalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1925, Herkenham and Nauta 1979.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ventral thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Thalamus
definition: It is usually said that these nuclei do not project to the endbrain, however, a population of neurons in the zona incerta projects to the cerebral cortex (Lin et al. 1990).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Reticular nucleus of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Spreafico et al. 1991.

Geniculate group of the ventral thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral thalamus
definition: None provided
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Taenia tecta
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory areas
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: There is little agreement in the literature about the parcellation and nomneclature associated with the taenia tecta and induseum griseum. From examining sections in the three standard planes, it seems clear to us that the induseum griseum continues unninterrupted around the genu of the corpus callosum to the septohippocampal nucleus (Atlas levels 11 to 13, also see Wyss and Sripanidkulchai 1983), the part of the induseumk griseum rostral and ventral to the genu was called the dorsal part of the taenia tecta by Haberly and Price (1978b). The ventral taenia tecta of Haberly and Price (1978b) has a very different structure. They divided it into superior and inferior parts, which we refer to here as the dorsal and ventral parts of the taenia tecta proper, respectively. The taenia tecta reminds one of differentiated parts of the adjacent anterior olfactory nucleus (see davis et al. 1978). We recognize three layers in the TTv (as Haberly and Price 1978b) and four layers in the TTd.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Intergeniculate leaflet of the lateral geniculate complex
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Geniculate group of the ventral thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Hickey and Spear 1976, Moore and Card 1994.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Geniculate group of the ventral thalamus
definition: According to Swanson et al. 1974.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex lateral zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson et al. 1974.

Ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex medial zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson et al. 1974.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Zona incerta
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral thalamus
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Zona incerta dopaminergic group
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Zona incerta
definition: According to Bjorklund and Lindvall 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Fields of Forel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Zona incerta
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Kuzemensky 1977, Berman and Jones 1982.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Zona incerta proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Zona incerta
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson

Peripeduncular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral thalamus
definition: According to Saper et al. 1976a.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Subparafascicular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral thalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Faull and Mehler 1985. LeDoux et al. (1987) have divided the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus as defined here into a posterodorsal part (which they called the posterior intralaminar nucleus, although it is not continuous with the intalaminar nuclei of the thalamus), and a ventral part (which they called the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus). This distinction was difficult to make our Nissl to stained material.

Taenia tecta dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Taenia tecta
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: There is little agreement in the literature about the parcellation and nomneclature associated with the taenia tecta and induseum griseum. From examining sections in the three standard planes, it seems clear to us that the induseum griseum continues unninterrupted around the genu of the corpus callosum to the septohippocampal nucleus (Atlas levels 11 to 13, also see Wyss and Sripanidkulchai 1983), the part of the induseumk griseum rostral and ventral to the genu was called the dorsal part of the taenia tecta by Haberly and Price (1978b). The ventral taenia tecta of Haberly and Price (1978b) has a very different structure. They divided it into superior and inferior parts, which we refer to here as the dorsal and ventral parts of the taenia tecta proper, respectively. The taenia tecta reminds one of differentiated parts of the adjacent anterior olfactory nucleus (see davis et al. 1978). We recognize three layers in the TTv (as Haberly and Price 1978b) and four layers in the TTd.

Subparafascicular nucleus magnocellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Subparafascicular nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Faull and Mehler 1985. LeDoux et al. (1987) have divided the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus as defined here into a posterodorsal part (which they called the posterior intralaminar nucleus, although it is not continuous with the intalaminar nuclei of the thalamus), and a ventral part (which they called the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus). This distinction was difficult to make our Nissl to stained material.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Subparafascicular nucleus parvicellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Subparafascicular nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Faull and Mehler 1985. LeDoux et al. (1987) have divided the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus as defined here into a posterodorsal part (which they called the posterior intralaminar nucleus, although it is not continuous with the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus), and a ventral part (which they called the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus). This distinction was difficult to make our Nissl to stained material.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Hypothalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interbrain
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Rioch et al. 1940, Swanson 1987.

Periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hypothalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This zone is characterized by pools of neuroendocrine motoneurons (Markakis and Swanson 1997).

Vascular organ of the lamina terminalis
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Weindl 1973.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Suprachiasmatic preoptic nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Simerly et al. 1984.

Median preoptic nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
definition: According to Swanson 1976a.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anteroventral periventricular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Simerly et al. 1984.

Preoptic periventricular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Supraoptic nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Peterson 1966, Palkovits et al. 1974.

Taenia tecta dorsal part layer 1
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Taenia tecta dorsal part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: There is little agreement in the literature about the parcellation and nomneclature associated with the taenia tecta and induseum griseum. From examining sections in the three standard planes, it seems clear to us that the induseum griseum continues unninterrupted around the genu of the corpus callosum to the septohippocampal nucleus (Atlas levels 11 to 13, also see Wyss and Sripanidkulchai 1983), the part of the induseumk griseum rostral and ventral to the genu was called the dorsal part of the taenia tecta by Haberly and Price (1978b). The ventral taenia tecta of Haberly and Price (1978b) has a very different structure. They divided it into superior and inferior parts, which we refer to here as the dorsal and ventral parts of the taenia tecta proper, respectively. The taenia tecta reminds one of differentiated parts of the adjacent anterior olfactory nucleus (see davis et al. 1978). We recognize three layers in the TTv (as Haberly and Price 1978b) and four layers in the TTd.

Supraoptic nucleus, retrochiasmatic part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Supraoptic nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Peterson 1966, Palkovits et al. 1974.

Supraoptic nucleus, accessory supraoptic group
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Supraoptic nucleus
definition: According to Peterson 1966, Palkovits et al. 1974.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Supraoptic nucleus, accessory supraoptic group, nucleus circularis
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Supraoptic nucleus, accessory supraoptic group
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Peterson 1966, Palkovits et al. 1974.

Supraoptic nucleus proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Supraoptic nucleus
definition: This is the part of the supraoptic nucleus outside of the classical substructures. See the atlas for details.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division, medial parvicellular part, ventral zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division, dorsal parvicellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division, lateral parvicellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division, forniceal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Taenia tecta dorsal part layer 2
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Taenia tecta dorsal part
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: There is little agreement in the literature about the parcellation and nomneclature associated with the taenia tecta and induseum griseum. From examining sections in the three standard planes, it seems clear to us that the induseum griseum continues unninterrupted around the genu of the corpus callosum to the septohippocampal nucleus (Atlas levels 11 to 13, also see Wyss and Sripanidkulchai 1983), the part of the induseumk griseum rostral and ventral to the genu was called the dorsal part of the taenia tecta by Haberly and Price (1978b). The ventral taenia tecta of Haberly and Price (1978b) has a very different structure. They divided it into superior and inferior parts, which we refer to here as the dorsal and ventral parts of the taenia tecta proper, respectively. The taenia tecta reminds one of differentiated parts of the adjacent anterior olfactory nucleus (see davis et al. 1978). We recognize three layers in the TTv (as Haberly and Price 1978b) and four layers in the TTd.

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, magnocellular division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, magnocellular division, anterior magnocellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, magnocellular division
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, magnocellular division, medial magnocellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, magnocellular division
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, magnocellular division, posterior magnocellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, magnocellular division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, magnocellular division, posterior magnocellular part, medial zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, magnocellular division, posterior magnocellular part
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, magnocellular division, posterior magnocellular part, lateral zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, magnocellular division, posterior magnocellular part
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parvicellular division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parvicellular division, anterior parvicellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parvicellular division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parvicellular division, medial parvicellular part, dorsal zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parvicellular division
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parvicellular division, periventricular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parvicellular division
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson 1991, 1992b, Swanson and Simmons 1989.

Taenia tecta dorsal part layer 3
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Taenia tecta dorsal part
definition: There is little agreement in the literature about the parcellation and nomneclature associated with the taenia tecta and induseum griseum. From examining sections in the three standard planes, it seems clear to us that the induseum griseum continues unninterrupted around the genu of the corpus callosum to the septohippocampal nucleus (Atlas levels 11 to 13, also see Wyss and Sripanidkulchai 1983), the part of the induseumk griseum rostral and ventral to the genu was called the dorsal part of the taenia tecta by Haberly and Price (1978b). The ventral taenia tecta of Haberly and Price (1978b) has a very different structure. They divided it into superior and inferior parts, which we refer to here as the dorsal and ventral parts of the taenia tecta proper, respectively. The taenia tecta reminds one of differentiated parts of the adjacent anterior olfactory nucleus (see davis et al. 1978). We recognize three layers in the TTv (as Haberly and Price 1978b) and four layers in the TTd.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927.

Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Krieg 1932, Thompson and Swanson 1998.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus anterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Gurdjian (1927) referred to this poorly defined cell group as the dorsal part of the DMH.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus posterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
definition: Gurdjian (1927) referred to this dense group of cells as the ventral part of the DMH.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: A variety of features indicate that this region differs from the anterior and posterior parts (Thompson and Swanson 1998).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Intermediate periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: For the sake of consistency we have applied this name to what Gurdjian (1927) referred to as the dorsal part of the posterior periventricular nucleus.

Arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
definition: According to Krieg 1932, Everitt et al. 1986.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Posterior periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ingram et al. 1932, Christ 1969.

Medial zone of the hypothalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hypothalamus
definition: This zone contains a series of well to defined nuclei that divide the hypothalamus into preoptic, anterior (supraoptic), tuberal, and mammillary levels.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial preoptic area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial zone of the hypothalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Simerly et al. 1984. The MPO contains a number of distinct cell groups, which are embedded in a relatively undifferentiated area of scattered neurons (the undifferentiated part of the MPO).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Taenia tecta dorsal part layer 4
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Taenia tecta dorsal part
definition: There is little agreement in the literature about the parcellation and nomneclature associated with the taenia tecta and induseum griseum. From examining sections in the three standard planes, it seems clear to us that the induseum griseum continues unninterrupted around the genu of the corpus callosum to the septohippocampal nucleus (Atlas levels 11 to 13, also see Wyss and Sripanidkulchai 1983), the part of the induseumk griseum rostral and ventral to the genu was called the dorsal part of the taenia tecta by Haberly and Price (1978b). The ventral taenia tecta of Haberly and Price (1978b) has a very different structure. They divided it into superior and inferior parts, which we refer to here as the dorsal and ventral parts of the taenia tecta proper, respectively. The taenia tecta reminds one of differentiated parts of the adjacent anterior olfactory nucleus (see davis et al. 1978). We recognize three layers in the TTv (as Haberly and Price 1978b) and four layers in the TTd.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Medial preoptic nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial preoptic area
definition: According to Simerly et al. 1984.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial preoptic nucleus lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial preoptic nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Simerly et al. 1984.

Medial preoptic nucleus medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial preoptic nucleus
definition: According to Simerly et al. 1984.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial preoptic nucleus central part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial preoptic nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Simerly et al. 1984.

Anterodorsal preoptic nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial preoptic area
definition: According to Simerly et al. 1984. The septohypothalamic nucleus of Bleier et al. (1979) includes the ADP and the LSv. However, these two cell groups do not merge, and are cytoarchitectonically distinct.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anteroventral preoptic nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial preoptic area
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Simerly et al. 1984.

Posterodorsal preoptic nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial preoptic area
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Simerly et al. 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Parastrial nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial preoptic area
definition: According to Simerly et al. 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Medial preoptic area proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial preoptic area
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This is the part of the medial preoptic area outside of the classical substructures. See the atlas for details.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior hypothalamic area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial zone of the hypothalamus
definition: According to Krieg 1932. The AHA includes scattered neurons around the more condensed AHN and SCH. Recent evidence suggests that these scattered neurons are regionally organized (for example, some form the subparaventricular zone and others the retrochiasmatic area).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Taenia tecta ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Taenia tecta
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: There is little agreement in the literature about the parcellation and nomneclature associated with the taenia tecta and induseum griseum. From examining sections in the three standard planes, it seems clear to us that the induseum griseum continues unninterrupted around the genu of the corpus callosum to the septohippocampal nucleus (Atlas levels 11 to 13, also see Wyss and Sripanidkulchai 1983), the part of the induseumk griseum rostral and ventral to the genu was called the dorsal part of the taenia tecta by Haberly and Price (1978b). The ventral taenia tecta of Haberly and Price (1978b) has a very different structure. They divided it into superior and inferior parts, which we refer to here as the dorsal and ventral parts of the taenia tecta proper, respectively. The taenia tecta reminds one of differentiated parts of the adjacent anterior olfactory nucleus (see davis et al. 1978). We recognize three layers in the TTv (as Haberly and Price 1978b) and four layers in the TTd.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior hypothalamic area
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Krieg 1932, and Risold et al. 1994.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior hypothalamic nucleus anterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Saper et al. 1978.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Anterior hypothalamic central part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Saper et al. 1978.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Anterior hypothalamic posterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
definition: According to Saper et al. 1978.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Anterior hypothalamic dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
definition: This cell group, which Bleier et al. (1979) called the dorsal tuberal nucleus and Paxinos and Watson (1986) called the stigmoid hypothalamic nucleus, is clearly part of the AHN.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Suprachiasmatic nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior hypothalamic area
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Krieg 1932, Watts et al. 1987.

Suprachiasmatic nucleus dorsomedial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Suprachiasmatic nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Krieg 1932, Watts et al. 1987.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Suprachiasmatic nucleus ventrolateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Suprachiasmatic nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Krieg 1932, Watts et al. 1987.

Subparaventricular zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior hypothalamic area
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Watts and Swanson 1987, and Watts 1991.

Retrochiasmatic area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior hypothalamic area
definition: According to Swanson and Kuypers 1980. These scattered neurons lie among the fibers of the supraoptic commissures, they were called the nucleus supraopticus diffusus by Gurdjian (1927).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Other systems
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Organism
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Taenia tecta ventral part layer1
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Taenia tecta ventral part
definition: There is little agreement in the literature about the parcellation and nomneclature associated with the taenia tecta and induseum griseum. From examining sections in the three standard planes, it seems clear to us that the induseum griseum continues unninterrupted around the genu of the corpus callosum to the septohippocampal nucleus (Atlas levels 11 to 13, also see Wyss and Sripanidkulchai 1983), the part of the induseumk griseum rostral and ventral to the genu was called the dorsal part of the taenia tecta by Haberly and Price (1978b). The ventral taenia tecta of Haberly and Price (1978b) has a very different structure. They divided it into superior and inferior parts, which we refer to here as the dorsal and ventral parts of the taenia tecta proper, respectively. The taenia tecta reminds one of differentiated parts of the adjacent anterior olfactory nucleus (see davis et al. 1978). We recognize three layers in the TTv (as Haberly and Price 1978b) and four layers in the TTd.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Anterior hypothalamic area proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior hypothalamic area
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This is the part of the anterior hypothalamic area outside of the classical substructures. See the atlas for details.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Tuberal area of the hypothalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial zone of the hypothalamus
definition: According to Swanson 1987. This area includes the undifferentiated, cell to sparse zone or shell around the ventromedial nucleus.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Tuberal area of the hypothalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian (1927) and Saper et al. (1976a) recognized dorsomedial and ventrolateral cell condensations serparated by a relatively cell to sparse central region. Van Houten and Brawer (1978) also recognized a distinct anterior component. Also see Canteras et al. 1994.

Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus anterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian (1927) and Saper et al. (1976a) recognized dorsomedial and ventrolateral cell condensations serparated by a relatively cell to sparse central region. Van Houten and Brawer (1978) also recognized a distinct anterior component. Also see Canteras et al. 1994.

Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus dorsomedial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
definition: According to Gurdjian (1927) and Saper et al. (1976a) recognized dorsomedial and ventrolateral cell condensations serparated by a relatively cell to sparse central region. Van Houten and Brawer (1978) also recognized a distinct anterior component. Also see Canteras et al. 1994.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus central part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
definition: According to Gurdjian (1927) and Saper et al. (1976a) recognized dorsomedial and ventrolateral cell condensations serparated by a relatively cell to sparse central region. Van Houten and Brawer (1978) also recognized a distinct anterior component. Also see Canteras et al. 1994.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus ventrolateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
definition: According to Gurdjian (1927) and Saper et al. (1976a) recognized dorsomedial and ventrolateral cell condensations serparated by a relatively cell to sparse central region. Van Houten and Brawer (1978) also recognized a distinct anterior component. Also see Canteras et al. 1994.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ventral premammillary nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Tuberal area of the hypothalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Krieg 1932, Canteras et al. 1992b,

Mammillary body
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial zone of the hypothalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: There is no standard definition of the mammillary body, sometimes it just refers to the MM and LM. The TM could just as well be placed in the lateral zone because of its widespread, diffuse projections.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Tuberomammillary nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Mammillary body
definition: According to Kohler et al. 1985.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Taenia tecta ventral part layer2
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Taenia tecta ventral part
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: There is little agreement in the literature about the parcellation and nomneclature associated with the taenia tecta and induseum griseum. From examining sections in the three standard planes, it seems clear to us that the induseum griseum continues unninterrupted around the genu of the corpus callosum to the septohippocampal nucleus (Atlas levels 11 to 13, also see Wyss and Sripanidkulchai 1983), the part of the induseumk griseum rostral and ventral to the genu was called the dorsal part of the taenia tecta by Haberly and Price (1978b). The ventral taenia tecta of Haberly and Price (1978b) has a very different structure. They divided it into superior and inferior parts, which we refer to here as the dorsal and ventral parts of the taenia tecta proper, respectively. The taenia tecta reminds one of differentiated parts of the adjacent anterior olfactory nucleus (see davis et al. 1978). We recognize three layers in the TTv (as Haberly and Price 1978b) and four layers in the TTd.

Tuberomammillary nucleus dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Tuberomammillary nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Kohler et al. 1985.

Tuberomammillary nucleus ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Tuberomammillary nucleus
definition: According to Kohler et al. 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Supramammillary nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Mammillary body
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson 1982.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Supramammillary nucleus lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Supramammillary nucleus
definition: According to Swanson 1982.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Supramammillary nucleus medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Supramammillary nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson 1982.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dorsal premammillary nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Mammillary body
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Canteras and Swanson 1992a.

Medial mammillary nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Mammillary body
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Krieg 1932, Allen and Hopkins 1988.

Medial mammillary nucleus median part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial mammillary nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Krieg 1932, Allen and Hopkins 1988.

Lateral mammillary nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Mammillary body
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Krieg 1932, Allen and Hopkins 1988.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Posterior hypothalamic nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medial zone of the hypothalamus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to to Gurdjian 1927 and Krieg 1932.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Taenia tecta ventral part layer3
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Taenia tecta ventral part
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: There is little agreement in the literature about the parcellation and nomneclature associated with the taenia tecta and induseum griseum. From examining sections in the three standard planes, it seems clear to us that the induseum griseum continues unninterrupted around the genu of the corpus callosum to the septohippocampal nucleus (Atlas levels 11 to 13, also see Wyss and Sripanidkulchai 1983), the part of the induseumk griseum rostral and ventral to the genu was called the dorsal part of the taenia tecta by Haberly and Price (1978b). The ventral taenia tecta of Haberly and Price (1978b) has a very different structure. They divided it into superior and inferior parts, which we refer to here as the dorsal and ventral parts of the taenia tecta proper, respectively. The taenia tecta reminds one of differentiated parts of the adjacent anterior olfactory nucleus (see davis et al. 1978). We recognize three layers in the TTv (as Haberly and Price 1978b) and four layers in the TTd.

Lateral zone of the hypothalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hypothalamus
definition: This very heterogeneous, poorly understood region is often thought of as an interstitial nucleus of the medial forebrain bundle, and the rostral extension of thebrainstorm reticular formation.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral preoptic area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral zone of the hypothalamus
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, and Swanson 1976a.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral hypothalamic area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral zone of the hypothalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, and Krieg 1932. Several attempts have been made to parcellate this area, but there is little agreement among authors, and the parcellations based on histochemistry combined with pathway tracing methods are needed. A perifornical region can often be distinguished from a more lateral region.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Tuberal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral hypothalamic area
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According Canteras et al. 1994

Lateral hypothalamic area proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral hypothalamic area
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This is the remaining part of the lateral hypothalamic area after eliminating the tuberal nucleus. See the Atlas for reference.

Subthalamic nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral zone of the hypothalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Afsharpour 1985, Canteras et al. 1990.

Pituitary gland, neural lobe
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hypothalamus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Scwind 1928, Daniel and Prichard 1975, Hebel and Stromberg 1986.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Retina
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interbrain
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Braekevelt and Hollenberg 1970, Morest 1970, Perry 1981, Ehinger and Dowling 1987.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Retina, outer nuclear layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina
definition: No description provided.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Retina, outer plexiform layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina
definition: According to Braekevelt and Hollenberg 1970, Morest 1970, Perry 1981, Ehinger and Dowling 1987.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Piriform area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory areas
definition: According to Craigie 1925, Haberly and Price 1978a.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Retina, inner nuclear layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina
definition: According to Braekevelt and Hollenberg 1970, Morest 1970, Perry 1981, Ehinger and Dowling 1987.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Retina, inner plexiform layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Braekevelt and Hollenberg 1970, Morest 1970, Perry 1981, Ehinger and Dowling 1987.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Retina, ganglion cell layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Braekevelt and Hollenberg 1970, Morest 1970, Perry 1981, Ehinger and Dowling 1987.

Midbrain-Hindbrain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Brain
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The midbrain to hindbrain is the segment of the cerebrospinal trunk between the interbrain rostrally and the spinal cord caudally (Swanson, 1998, p. 207 to 212; 2004, p. 165).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain
definition: The sensory system part of the nervous system is involved in transmitting exteroceptive and interoceptive stimuli to the cognitive, behavioral state, and motor systems (Swanson, 2003, p. 182 ff.; 2004, pp. 171 to 3).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Visual
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The visual sensory system as defined here includes parts of the midbrain to hindbrain that transmit visual stimuli to the cognitive, behavioral state, and motor systems (Swanson, 2004, p. 172).

Superior colliculus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Visual
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Kanaseki and Sprague 1974, Bickford and Hall 1989.

Superior colliculus zonal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Kanaseki and Sprague 1974, Bickford and Hall 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Superior colliculus superficial gray layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Kanaseki and Sprague 1974, Bickford and Hall 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Superior colliculus optic layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus
definition: According to Kanaseki and Sprague 1974, Bickford and Hall 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Piriform area molecular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Piriform area
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Craigie 1925, Haberly and Price 1978a.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Superior colliculus intermediate gray layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Kanaseki and Sprague 1974, Bickford and Hall 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Superior colliculus intermediate gray layer sublayer a
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus intermediate gray layer
definition: According to Kanaseki and Sprague 1974, Bickford and Hall 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Superior colliculus intermediate gray layer sublayer b
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus intermediate gray layer
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Kanaseki and Sprague 1974, Bickford and Hall 1989.

Superior colliculus intermediate gray layer sublayer c
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus intermediate gray layer
definition: According to Kanaseki and Sprague 1974, Bickford and Hall 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Superior colliculus intermediate white layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Kanaseki and Sprague 1974, Bickford and Hall 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Superior colliculus intermediate deep gray layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus
definition: According to Kanaseki and Sprague 1974, Bickford and Hall 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Superior colliculus intermediate deep white layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior colliculus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Kanaseki and Sprague 1974, Bickford and Hall 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Parageminal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Visual
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Tokunaga and Otani 1978, Harting et al. 1991b.

Pretectal region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Visual
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Scalia 1972.

Olivary pretectal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pretectal region
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Campbell and Liebermann 1985, Gregory 1985.

Piriform area pyramidal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Piriform area
definition: According to Craigie 1925, Haberly and Price 1978a.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus of the optic tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pretectal region
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Giolli et al 1985, Gregory 1985.

Posterior pretectal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pretectal region
definition: According to Gregory 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus of the posterior commissure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pretectal region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Kanaseki and Sprague 1974

Anterior pretectal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pretectal region
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Scalia 1972.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Medial pretectal area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pretectal region
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Siminoff et al. 1968, Kanaseki and Sprague 1974.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Visual
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Hayhow et al. 1960, Giollo et al. 1989.

Lateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Visual
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Hayhow et al. 1960, Terubayashi and Fujisawa 1984, Giolli et al. 1989.

Dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Visual
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Hayhow et al. 1960, Terubayashi and Fujisawa 1984, Giolli et al. 1989.

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Somatosensory
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The somatosensory sensory system as defined here includes parts of the midbrain to hindbrain that transmit somatosensory stimuli to the cognitive, behavioral state, and motor systems (Swanson, 2004, p. 172).

Trigeminal ganglion
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Somatosensory
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Gregg and Dixon 1973, Schneider et al. 1981, Hirsch (1765) named this ganglion after his professor, J.L. Gasser.

Piriform area polymorph layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Piriform area
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Craigie 1925, Haberly and Price 1978a.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Somatosensory
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Rokx et al. 1986a, Luo et al. 1991. This is a displaced dorsal root ganglion.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Somatosensory
definition: According to Torvik 1957, Emmers 1988.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Somatosensory
definition: According to Olszewski 1950.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal oral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal
definition: According to Falls et al. 1985, Jacquin and Rhoades 1990.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal oral part ventrolateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal oral part
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Falls et al. 1985, Jacquin and Rhoades 1990.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal oral part rostral dorsomedial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal oral part
definition: According to Falls et al. 1985, Jacquin and Rhoades 1990.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal oral part middle dorsomedial part, dorsal zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal oral part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Falls et al. 1985, Jacquin and Rhoades 1990.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal oral part middle dorsomedial part, ventral zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal oral part
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Falls et al. 1985, Jacquin and Rhoades 1990.

Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal oral part caudal dorsomedial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal oral part
definition: According to Falls et al. 1985, Jacquin and Rhoades 1990.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal interpolar part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal
definition: According to Phelan and Falls 1989a.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Postpiriform transition area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory areas
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Haug 1976, Canteras et al. 1992a.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal caudal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Nord 1967, Gobel et al. 1977, Kruger 1979.

Paratrigeminal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Somatosensory
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Chan to Palay 1978, Phelan and Falls 1989b.

Dorsal column nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Somatosensory
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Torvik 1956, Nord 1967.

Gracile nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal column nuclei
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gulley 1973, Cliffer and Giesler 1989, Maslany et al. 1991.

Gracile nucleus median part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Gracile nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Kemplay and Webster 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Gracile nucleus proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Gracile nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This is the part of the gracile nucleus outside of the median part. See Level 73.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Cuneate nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal column nuclei
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Cliffer and Giesler 1989, Maslany et al. 1991.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus z
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Somatosensory
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Low et al. 1974
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

External cuneate nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Somatosensory
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According Campbell et al. 1974.

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Auditory
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The auditory sensory system as defined here includes parts of the midbrain to hindbrain trunk that transmit auditory stimuli to the cognitive, behavioral state, and motor systems (Swanson, 2004, p. 172).

Piriform-amygdaloid area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory areas
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Canteras et al. 1992a.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Cochlear nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Auditory
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Harrison and Feldman 1970, Osen et al. 1984, Webster 1985.

Dorsal coclear nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cochlear nuclei
definition: According to Harrison and Feldman 1970, Osen et al. 1984, Webster 1985.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ventral coclear nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cochlear nuclei
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Harrison and Feldman 1970, Osen et al. 1984, Webster 1985.

Ventral coclear nucleus anterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral coclear nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Harrison and Feldman 1970, Osen et al. 1984, Webster 1985.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Ventral coclear nucleus posterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral coclear nucleus
definition: According to Harrison and Feldman 1970, Osen et al. 1984, Webster 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Subpeduncular granular region of the cochlear nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cochlear nuclei
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Harrison and Feldman 1970, Osen et al. 1984, Webster 1985.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Granular lamina of the cochlear nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cochlear nuclei
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Mugnaini et al. 1980.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Interstitial nucleus of the auditory nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cochlear nuclei
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Harrison and Feldman 1970, Merchan et al. 1988.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Superior olivary complex periolivary region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cochlear nuclei
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: There is general agreement that the medial and lateral parts of the superior olive are surrounded by a ring of periolivary gray matter, with a superior (e.g., Harrison and Feldman 1970) or dorsomedial (e.g., Morest 1973) periolivary nucleus that is particularly obvious. There is, however, little agreement about parcellating this ring of gray matter (some parts have been referred to as components of the nuceus of the trapezoid body). Because we could not distinguish clearly separate cell groups in this region, it has beeen referred to simply as the periolivary region (see Osen et al. 1984).

Nucleus of the trapezoid body
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Auditory
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Harrison and Feldman 1970, Osen et al. 1984, Fay to Lund 1986, Bledsoe et al. 1990. This cell group is sometimes referred to as the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (see note 200).

Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory areas
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to McDonald 1983, Millhouse and Uemoura to Sumi 1985. Like the NLOT and COA, this is an area of the olfactory cortex, usually grouped with the amygdala.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Superior olivary complex
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Auditory
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Harrison and Feldman 1970, Osen et al. 1984, Webster 1985, Fay to Lund 1986.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Superior olivary complex medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior olivary complex
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Osen et al 1984, Webster 1985, Fay to Lund 1986.

Superior olivary complex lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior olivary complex
definition: According to Harrison and Feldman 1970, Osen et al. 1984, Webster 1985, Fay to Lund 1986.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Auditory
definition: While it is common to divide this nucleus into dorsal and ventral parts, or into dorsal, intermediate, and ventral parts, the architecture and connections of this cell group have not been examined in any detail in the rat, where it has been done, it is obvious that the NLL is an extremely complex region (see Covey and Casseday 1986). We have not attempted to parcellate the NLL.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Inferior colliculus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Auditory
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Fay to Lund and Osen 1985.

Inferior colliculus external nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Inferior colliculus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Fay to Lund and Osen 1985.

Inferior colliculus dorsal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Inferior colliculus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Fay to Lund and Osen 1985.

Inferior colliculus central nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Inferior colliculus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Malmierca et al. 1993.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Auditory
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Berman 1968.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus sagulum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Auditory
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Berman 1968, Andrezik and Beitz 1985, Henkel and Shneiderman 1988.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Central nervous system
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nervous system
definition: The central nervous system in vertebrates is a dorsal, hollow organ in the midline that traditionally consists of the brain (rostrally within the cranium) and spinal cord (caudally within the vertebral column); alternatively it can be divided into cerebrum, cerebellum and cerebrospinal trunk (Swanson, 2004, p. 165). In bilateral invertebrates it is a ventromedial series of ganglia (Bullock and Horridge, 1965, pp. 53 to 5).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract molecular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to McDonald 1983, Millhouse and Uemoura to Sumi 1985. Like the NLOT and COA, this is an area of the olfactory cortex, usually grouped with the amygdala.

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Vestibular
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The sensory to related vestibular nuclei of the midbrain to hindbrain include the vestibular nuclei themselves, perihypoglossal nuclei, interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve, nucleus x, nucleus y, and the infracerebellar nucleus (Swanson, 1998, p. 208).

Vestibular nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Vestibular
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Rubbertone et al. 1995.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Medial vestibular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vestibular nuclei
definition: According to Rubbertone et al. 1995.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral vestibular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vestibular nuclei
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Rubbertone et al. 1995.

Superior vestibular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vestibular nuclei
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Rubbertone et al. 1995.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Spinal vestibular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vestibular nuclei
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Rubbertone et al. 1995.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Perihypoglossal nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Vestibular
definition: According to Brodal 1952, 1983, McCrea and Baker 1985.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus intercalatus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Perihypoglossal nuclei
definition: According to Meessen and Olszewski 1949, Brodal 1952.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus prepositus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Perihypoglossal nuclei
definition: According to Torvik 1956.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus of Roller
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Perihypoglossal nuclei
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Meessen and Olszewski 1949, Torvik 1956, Valverde 1962.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract pyramidal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract
definition: According to McDonald 1983, Millhouse and Uemoura to Sumi 1985. Like the NLOT and COA, this is an area of the olfactory cortex, usually grouped with the amygdala.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Vestibular
definition: According to Mehler and Rubertone 1985
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus x
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Vestibular
definition: According to Mehler and Rubertone 1985
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus y
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Vestibular
definition: According to Fredrickson and Trune 1986.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Infracerebellar nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Vestibular
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Fredrickson and Trune 1986.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Gustatory-Visceral
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The gustatory sensory system as defined here includes parts of the midbrain to hindbrain that transmit gustatory stimuli to the cognitive, behavioral state, and motor systems (Swanson, 2004, p. 173). The visceral sensory system as defined here includes parts of the midbrain to hindbrain that transmit visceral stimuli to the cognitive, behavioral state, and motor systems (Swanson, 2004, p. 173).

Nucleus of the solitary tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Gustatory-Visceral
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Torvik 1956, Contreras et al. 1982. NB: This nucleus belongs to the visceral part of the Midbrain to Hindbrain, even though a single subpart of it belongs ot hte gustatory subdivision.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus of the solitary tract central part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus of the solitary tract
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ross et al. 1985, Cunningham et al. 1991.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus of the solitary tract commissural part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus of the solitary tract
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Torvik 1956.

Nucleus of the solitary tract gelatinous part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus of the solitary tract
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Leslie et al. 1982, Shapiro and Miselis 1985b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus of the solitary tract lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus of the solitary tract
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Berman 1968.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract dorsal cap
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1928

Nucleus of the solitary tract medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus of the solitary tract
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Berman 1968, Conteras et al. 1982. NB: This subdivision does not appear in the hierarchy Swanson 1998, but appears in the atlas levels 58 to 73. It is composed of a rostral part which is the sole structure of the Gustatory division of the Midbrain to Hindbrain and of a caudal part which is a structure of the Visceral division.

Nucleus of the solitary tract medial part rostral zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus of the solitary tract medial part
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Torvik 1956; Contreras et al. 1982. NB: the rostral aspect appears in brackets in the abbreviation in order to show that it is inferred from the hierarchy Swanson 1998 (page 209).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus of the solitary tract medial part caudal zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus of the solitary tract medial part
definition: According to Berman 1968, Contreras et al. 1982. NB: the caudal aspect appears in brackets in the abbreviation in order to show that it is inferred from the hierarchy Swanson 1998 (page 209).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Area postrema
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Gustatory-Visceral
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Shapiro and Miselis 1985a.

Parabrachial nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Sensory, Gustatory-Visceral
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Fulwiler and Saper 1984.

Parabrachial nucleus lateral division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parabrachial nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Fulwiler and Saper 1984.

Parabrachial nucleus lateral division central lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parabrachial nucleus lateral division
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Fulwiler and Saper 1984.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Parabrachial nucleus lateral division dorsal lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parabrachial nucleus lateral division
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Fulwiler and Saper 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Parabrachial nucleus lateral division external lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parabrachial nucleus lateral division
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Fulwiler and Saper 1984.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Parabrachial nucleus lateral division extreme lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parabrachial nucleus lateral division
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Fulwiler and Saper 1984.

Cortical nucleus of the amygdala
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Olfactory areas
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1928.

Parabrachial nucleus lateral division internal lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parabrachial nucleus lateral division
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Fulwiler and Saper 1984.

Parabrachial nucleus lateral division superior lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parabrachial nucleus lateral division
definition: According to Fulwiler and Saper 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Parabrachial nucleus lateral division ventral lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parabrachial nucleus lateral division
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Fulwiler and Saper 1984.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Kolliker-Fuse subnucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parabrachial nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Fulwiler and Saper 1984.

Parabrachial nucleus medial division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parabrachial nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Fulwiler and Saper 1984.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Parabrachial nucleus medial division medial medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parabrachial nucleus medial division
definition: According to Fulwiler and Saper 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Parabrachial nucleus medial division external medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parabrachial nucleus medial division
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Fulwiler and Saper 1984.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Parabrachial nucleus medial division ventral medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parabrachial nucleus medial division
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This region appears to us to be a ventral extension of the PBmm (of Fulwiler and Saper 1984).

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain
definition: The motor system part of the central nervous system is involved in mediating somatomotor, autonomic, and neuroendocrine responses in the body and its output is a function of inputs from the cognitive, behavioral state, and sensory systems (Swanson, 2003, p. 97 ff.; 2004, pp. 173 to 6).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Eye
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The three motor regions of the midbrain to hindbrain that directly control eye movements include the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei, and accessory nuclei associated with the former and latter (Swanson, 1998, p. 209).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Cortical nucleus of the amygdala anterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cortical nucleus of the amygdala
definition: According to de Olmos et al. 1985.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Oculomotor nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Eye
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Glicksman 1980.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial accessory nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Oculomotor nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Leichnetz 1982, Gonzalo to Ruiz et al. 1990.

Oculomotor nucleus proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Oculomotor nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This is the remaining part of III, after excluding MAN. Refer to levels 39 to 41.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Trochlear nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Eye
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Glicksmann 1980.

Abducens nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Eye
definition: According to Glicksmann 1980.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Accesory abducens nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Abducens nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Szekely and Matesz 1982.

Abducens nucleus proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Abducens nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This is the remaining part of the abducens nucleus after eliminating the accesory abducens nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Jaw
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor
definition: The motor regions of the midbrain to hindbrain that directly control jaw movements include the motor nucleus of the trigeminal and its parvicellular part (Swanson, 1998, p. 209).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Motor nucleus of the trigeminal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Jaw
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Mizuno et al. 1975, Jacquin et al. 1983.

Motor nucleus of the trigeminal parvicellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Motor nucleus of the trigeminal
definition: According to Spangler et al. 1982.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Cortical nucleus of the amygdala posterior part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cortical nucleus of the amygdala
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Canteras et al 1992a.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Motor nucleus of the trigeminal proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Motor nucleus of the trigeminal
definition: This is the remaining part of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal after excluding the parviccellular part. Refer to plates 47 to 52.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Extrapyramidal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The motor regions of the midbrain to hindbrain that are most closely associated with the extrapyramidal system are the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (Swanson, 1998, pp. 209 to 10).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Substantia nigra
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Extrapyramidal
definition: While a lateral part of the SN has been mentioned in the literature (see Gillilan 1943, Hanaway et al. 1970) more recent work has provided little reason to separate it from the compact part (see Bjorklund and Lindvall 1984).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Substantia nigra compact part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Substantia nigra
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Danner and Pfister 1982, Bjorklund and Lindvall 1984.

Substantia nigra reticular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Substantia nigra
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Grofova et al. 1982.

Ventral tegmental area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Extrapyramidal
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Phillipson 1979, Swanson 1982, Bjorklund and Lindvall 1984.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Face
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The two motor regions of the midbrain to hindbrain that directly control the muscles of facial expression include the facial and accessory facial nuclei (Swanson, 1998, p. 209).

Facial nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Face
definition: According to Martin et al. 1977, Watson et al. 1982, Friauf and Herbert 1985, Friauf 1986.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Accessory facial nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Facial nucleus
definition: According to Szekeley and Matesz 1982.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Facial nucleus_proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Facial nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This is the remaining part of the facial nucleus eafter eliminating the accessory facial nucleus. Refer to Atlas plates 52 to 55.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Cortical nucleus of the amygdala posterior part lateral zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cortical nucleus of the amygdala posterior part
definition: According to Canteras et al 1992a.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Labyrinth
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor
definition: The motor regions of the midbrain to hindbrain that directly innervate the labyrinth of the inner ear include the efferent cochlear group and the efferent vestibular nucleus (Swanson, 1998, p. 209).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Efferent cochlear group
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Labyrinth
definition: According to White and Warr 1983, Vetter et al. 1991, Vetter and Mugnaini 1992.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Efferent vesstibular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Labyrinth
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Strutz 1982.

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Pharynx-Larynx-Esophagus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The motor regions of the midbrain to hindbrain that directly innervate the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus include the dorsal division of the nucleus ambiguus and associated stylopharyngeal motoneurons (Swanson, 1998, p. 209).

Nucleus ambiguus dorsal division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Pharynx-Larynx-Esophagus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Bieger and Hopkins 1987, Patrickson et al. 1991.

Nucleus ambiguus dorsal division, stylopharyngeal motoneurons
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus ambiguus dorsal division
definition: According to Kukuda et al. 1995.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus ambiguus dorsal division proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus ambiguus dorsal division
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This is the part of the nucleus ambiguus dorsal division after eliminating the stylopharingeal motoneurons. Refer to Atlas plates 59 to 71. The stylopharingeal motoneurons are not shown as a distinct substructure.

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Neck
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The motor region of the midbrain to hindbrain that directly innervates the muscles of the neck is the nucleus of the spinal accessory nerve (Swanson, 1998, p. 207).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus of the spinal accessory nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Neck
definition: According to Brichta et al. 1987.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Tongue
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor
definition: The motor region of the midbrain to hindbrain that directly innervates the muscles of the tongue is the hypoglossal nucleus (Swanson, 1998, p. 207).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Cortical nucleus of the amygdala posterior part medial zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cortical nucleus of the amygdala posterior part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Canteras et al 1992a.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Hypoglossal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Tongue
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Kramer et al. 1979, Jacquin et al. 1983, Kitamura et al. 1983.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Viscera
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor
definition: The motor regions of the midbrain to hindbrain that directly innervate the cranial parasympathetic ganglia include the Edinger to Westphal nucleus, superior and inferior salivatory nuclei, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, and ventral division of the nucleus ambiguus (Swanson, 1998, p. 209).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Edinger-Westphal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Viscera
definition: According to Loewy et al. 1978, Martin and Dolivo 1983.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Superior salivatory nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Viscera
definition: According to Contreras et al. 1980, Senba et al. 1987, Spencer et al. 1990.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Inferior salivatory nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Viscera
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Contreras et al. 1980.

Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Viscera
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Fox and Powley 1985, Norgren and Smith 1988, Altshuler et al. 1991.

Nucleus ambiguus, ventral division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain, Motor, Viscera
definition: According to Bieger and Hopkins 1987. This region is characterized by preganglionic neurons that contribute to the thoracic branches of the vagus nerve, although other cell types may be present.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Reticular core
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: There is no generally accepted definition of the reticular core, which essentially consists of those regions that have not been assigned to particular sensory and motor systems. We consider that the reticular core extends into the forebrain to include the lateral zone of the hypothalamus, ventral thalamus, and epithalamus. It plays a major role in controlling behavioral state, and in polymodal integration.

Central gray of the brain
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular core
definition: The central gray is a component of the motor system in the cerebrospinal trunk that includes the epithalamus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, periaqueductal gray, pontine central gray, and spinal central gray (Swanson, 2004, p. 174).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Periaqueductal gray
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central gray of the brain
definition: Recent work has clarified the structural organization of the rat PAG, which is that part of the brain central gray within the midbrain. The basic parcellation of the caudal three to quarters of the PAG follows Beitz (1985).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Hippocampal formation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral cortex, layers1-6a [cortical plate]
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Precommissural nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periaqueductal gray
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Paxinos and Watson 1986.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Commissural nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periaqueductal gray
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This relatively clear cell group lies caudal to the precommissural nucleus, as indicated by the name we have given it.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Periaqueductal gray rostromedial division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periaqueductal gray
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This relatively homogeneous cell group lies between the caudal end of the interbrain and the caudal three to quarters of the PAG subdivided by Beitz (1985), exclusive of the PRC, COM and PAGrl. It forms the rostroventromedial part of the PAG.

Periaqueductal gray rostrolateral division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periaqueductal gray
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This relatively small, distinct group of neurons lies lateral to the PAGrm. We have assigned the names PAGrm and PAGrl simply on the basis of their location in the PAG.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Periaqueductal gray medial division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periaqueductal gray
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Beitz 1985.

Periaqueductal gray dorsal division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periaqueductal gray
definition: According to Beitz 1985.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Periaqueductal gray ventrolateral division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periaqueductal gray
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Beitz (1985). This large division is undoubtely heterogeneous (Keay et al. 1994) and requires further structural characterization. For example, there is a supraoculomotor region ventrally (Herbert and Saper 1992).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Periaqueductal gray dorsolateral division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Periaqueductal gray
definition: According to Beitz 1985, Herbert and Saper 1992. This is perhaps the clearest division of the caudal PAG cytoarchitectonically (small, densely packed neurons), and because of this the dorsal division is also very easy to distinguish.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Interstitial nucleus of Cajal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central gray of the brain
definition: According to Rutherford and Gwyn 1982.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus of Darkschewitsch
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central gray of the brain
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gillilan 1943, Rutheford et al. 1989.

Retrohippocampal region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hippocampal formation
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Dorsal tegmental nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central gray of the brain
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Cowan et al. 1964,Hayakawa and Zyo 1983.

Ventral tegmental nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central gray of the brain
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Cowan et al. 1964,Hayakawa and Zyo 1983.

Anterior tegmental nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central gray of the brain
definition: According to Paxinos and Butcher 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral tegmental nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central gray of the brain
definition: We have applied this name to a distinguishable cell group between the locus coeruleus and Barrington's nucleus that receives circumscribed inputs from the lateral hypothalamic area (Kelly 1995) and central nucleus of the amygdala (Petrovich and Swanson 1997).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central gray of the brain
definition: According to Gillilan 1943, Cornwall et al. 1990.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Sublaterodorsal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Swanson et al. 1984 (see also Gillilan 1943).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This is the part of the laterordorsal tegmental nucleus which is not included in the sublaterodorsal nucleus. See the Atlas levels 45 to 50.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Locus coeruleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central gray of the brain
definition: According to Swanson 1976b.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Subcoeruleus nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Locus coeruleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This term has assumed a variety of connotations since the introduction of histochemical methods for localizing biogenic amines, it is used here as the equivalent of Meesen and Olszewski (1949) nucleus subcoeruleus.

Locus coeruleus proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Locus coeruleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: That part of the locus coeruleus which is not included in the subcoeruleus nucleus.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Peripheral nervous system
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nervous system
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The peripheral nervous system lies outside the central nervous system and consists macroscopically of nerves, ganglia, and peripheral plexuses (Swanson, 2004, p. 179).

Entorhinal area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retrohippocampal region
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Barrington nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central gray of the brain
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Imaki et al 1991.

Supragenual nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central gray of the brain
definition: According to Meesen and Olszewski 1949, Andrezik and Beitz 1985.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Pontine central gray
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central gray of the brain
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: This is simply the caudal extension of the periacqueductal gray.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Raphe of mesenchephalon
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular core
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Olszewski and Baxter 1954, Taber et al. 1960, Steinbusch and Nieuwenhuys 1983.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Interfascicular nucleus raphe
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Raphe of mesenchephalon
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Berman 1968, Phillipson 1979.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Rostral linear nucleus raphe
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Raphe of mesenchephalon
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Castaldi 1923, Brown 1943, Swanson 1982.

Central linear nucleus raphe
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Raphe of mesenchephalon
definition: According to Castaldi 1923, Brown 1943 (intermediate linear nucleus), Swanson 1982.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Superior central nucleus raphe
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Raphe of mesenchephalon
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Bechterew 1899, Taber et al 1960, Valverde 1962. A superior central nucleus with medial and lateral zones has long been recognized. Konig and Klippel (1963) referred to the nucleus medianus raphes which may correspond to the medial part, where serotonergic neurons are apparently concentrated (Dahlstrom and Fuxe 1964).

Superior central nucleus raphe medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior central nucleus raphe
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Bechterew 1899, Taber et al 1960, Valverde 1962. A superior central nucleus with medial and lateral zones has long been recognized. Konig and Klippel (1963) referred to the nucleus medianus raphes which may correspond to the medial part, where serotonergic neurons are apparently concentrated (Dahlstrom and Fuxe 1964).

Superior central nucleus raphe lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Superior central nucleus raphe
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Bechterew 1899, Taber et al 1960, Valverde 1962. A superior central nucleus with medial and lateral zones has long been recognized. Konig and Klippel (1963) referred to the nucleus medianus raphes which may correspond to the medial part, where serotonergic neurons are apparently concentrated (Dahlstrom and Fuxe 1964).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Entorhinal area, lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Entorhinal area
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dorsal nucleus raphe
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Raphe of mesenchephalon
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Brown 1943, Valverde 1962, Descarries et al. 1982, Park 1987.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus incertus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Raphe of mesenchephalon
definition: The correspondence between what Streeter (1903), Castaldi (1923), and Berman (1968) identified as the NI in human, guinea pig, and cat, and what Wyss et al. (1979) called NI in the rat is unclear. Based on connectional and histochemical evidence (N.S Canteras, personal communication) the NI of Wyss et al. and the central gray matter, pars alpha of Meesen and Olszewski (1949) appear to form parts of a single nucleus, which we have divided into compact (medial) and diffuse (lateral) parts, the latter corresponding to the pars alpha.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus incertus compact part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus incertus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The correspondence between what Streeter (1903), Castaldi (1923), and Berman (1968) identified as the NI in human, guinea pig, and cat, and what Wyss et al. (1979) called NI in the rat is unclear. Based on connectional and histochemical evidence (N.S Canteras, personal communication) the NI of Wyss et al. and the central gray matter, pars alpha of Meesen and Olszewski (1949) appear to form parts of a single nucleus, which we have divided into compact (medial) and diffuse (lateral) parts, the latter corresponding to the pars alpha.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus incertus diffuse part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Nucleus incertus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The correspondence between what Streeter (1903), Castaldi (1923), and Berman (1968) identified as the NI in human, guinea pig, and cat, and what Wyss et al. (1979) called NI in the rat is unclear. Based on connectional and histochemical evidence (N.S Canteras, personal communication) the NI of Wyss et al. and the central gray matter, pars alpha of Meesen and Olszewski (1949) appear to form parts of a single nucleus, which we have divided into compact (medial) and diffuse (lateral) parts, the latter corresponding to the pars alpha.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus raphe pontis
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Raphe of mesenchephalon
definition: According to Brown 1943, Valverde 1962.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus raphe magnus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Raphe of mesenchephalon
definition: According to Meesen and Olszewski 1949, Valverde 1962, Mason et al. 1990.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus raphe pallidus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Raphe of mesenchephalon
definition: According to Olszewski and Baxter 1954, Valverde 1962.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus raphe obscurus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Raphe of mesenchephalon
definition: According to Olszewski and Baxter 1954, Valverde 1962, Bowker and Abbott 1990.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Interpeduncular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular core
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Groenewegen et al. 1986.

Interpeduncular nucleus rostral subnucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interpeduncular nucleus
definition: According to Groenewegen et al. 1986.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Entorhinal area, lateral part layers 1-6
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Entorhinal area, lateral part
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Interpeduncular nucleus apical subnucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interpeduncular nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Groenewegen et al. 1986.

Interpeduncular nucleus dorsomedial subnucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interpeduncular nucleus
definition: According to Groenewegen et al. 1986.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Interpeduncular nucleus lateral subnucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interpeduncular nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Groenewegen et al. 1986.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Interpeduncular nucleus lateral subnucleus dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interpeduncular nucleus lateral subnucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Groenewegen et al. 1986.

Interpeduncular nucleus lateral subnucleus intermediate part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interpeduncular nucleus lateral subnucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Wada et al. 1989.

Interpeduncular nucleus lateral subnucleus ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interpeduncular nucleus lateral subnucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Wada et al. 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Interpeduncular nucleus lateral subnucleus rostral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interpeduncular nucleus lateral subnucleus
definition: According to Wada et al. 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Interpeduncular nucleus intermediate subnucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interpeduncular nucleus
definition: According to Wada et al. 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Interpeduncular nucleus central subnucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Interpeduncular nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Wada et al. 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Reticular formation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular core
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The reticular formation is a spatially vast component of the motor system that includes many parts of the interbrain, midbrain, and hindbrain (Swanson, 2004, p. 175).

Entorhinal area medial part, dorsal zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Entorhinal area
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Mesencephalic reticular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular formation
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Brodal 1957.

Retrorubral area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Mesencephalic reticular nucleus
definition: According to Berman 1968. This region is characterized by scattered dopamine cells, caudal and dorsal to the ventral tegmental area (see Swanson 1982, Bjorklund and Lindvall 1984).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Mesencephalic reticular nucleus proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Mesencephalic reticular nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The part of MRN which is not in its substructures. See atlas for details.

Pedunculopontine nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular formation
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Jacobson 1909, Olszewski and Baxter 1954, Rye et al. 1987. Rye et al. (1987) regard the subpopulation of cholinergic neurons in this region as the pedunculopontine nucleus (see note 62), the region outlined here contains all the cells identified earlier in the PPN (Jacobson 1909, Olszewski and Baxter, 1954), although cholinergic neurons provide a very useful guide to its borders and seem to predominate numerically.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Cuneiform nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular formation
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Castaldi 1926, Olszewski and Baxter 1954, Swanson et al. 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Pontine reticular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular formation
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Meessen and Olszewski 1949.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Pontine reticular nucleus caudal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pontine reticular nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The A5 noradrenergic group (Dahlstrom and Fuxe 1964) and associated depressor region (see Loewy et al. 1986) appear to be centered in ventrolateral regions of the PRnc, including the region of the rubrospinal tract, although a few cells also appear to extend into the periolivary region (see Westlund et al. 1983, Bryum et al. 1984). Most of the cells appear to lie adjacent to the superior salivatory nucleus (see note 300).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Pontine reticular nucleus rostral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pontine reticular nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Often referred as the oral part (Meessen and Olszewski 1949).

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular formation
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Meesen and Olszewski 1949.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Paragigantocellular reticular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular formation
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Olszewski and Baxter 1954.

Entorhinal area medial part, dorsal zone layers 1-6
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Entorhinal area medial part, dorsal zone
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Paragigantocellular reticular nucleus dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paragigantocellular reticular nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Taber 1961, Newman 1985a.

Paragigantocellular reticular nucleus lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Paragigantocellular reticular nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Andrezik et al. 1981. Although this problem has not been addressed in detail, it seems likely from published maps (see Dahlstrom and Fuxe 1964, Hokfelt et al. 1984, Sawchenko et al. 1985, Giuliano et al. 1989, Ellenberger et al. 1990) that the C1 adrenergic group, the A1 noradrenergic group, the ventrolateral medulla, and the rostral ventrolateral medulla are centered in (though not necessarily confined strictly to) the PGRNI, with relatively minor possible involvement of the ventral division of the nucleus ambiguus (see note 295).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Parapyramidal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular formation
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: We use this term in referring to the dorsal and ventral cell gorups identified recently.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Parapyramidal nucleus deep part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parapyramidal nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Niura et al. 1996.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Parapyramidal nucleus superficial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parapyramidal nucleus
definition: According to Fukuda et al. 1993.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Magnocellular reticular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular formation
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Berman 1968, Newman 1985a, b. This appears to be a ventromedial extension of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus.

Supratrigeminal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular formation
definition: According to Lorente de No 1922, Torvik 1956, Rokx et al. 1986b.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Medullary reticular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular formation
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Meesen and Olszewski 1949, Valverde 1962.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medullary reticular nucleus dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medullary reticular nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Villanueva et al. 1988.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Medullary reticular nucleus ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Medullary reticular nucleus
definition: No description provided.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Entorhinal area medial part, ventral zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Entorhinal area
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Parvicellular reticular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticular formation
definition: According to Meesen and Olszewski 1949, Mehler, 1983, ter Horst et al. 1991.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Pre-Post Cerebellar nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Midbrain-Hindbrain
definition: The postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei receive major direct outputs from, or send major direct inputs to, the cerebellum, respectively, and are part of the motor system (Swanson, 2003, p. 131 ff.; 2004, p. 174).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Pontine gray
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pre-Post Cerebellar nuclei
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Mihailoff et al. 1981, Nelson and Mugnaini 1988, Bourrat and Sotelo 1991.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Tegmental reticular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pontine gray
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Torigoe et al. 1986.

Pontine gray proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pontine gray
definition: This is the remaining part of the pontine gray from which the tegmental reticular nucleus was excluded.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Inferior olivary complex
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pre-Post Cerebellar nuclei
definition: According to Azizi and Woodward 1987, Nelson and Mugnaini 1988, Bourrat and Sotelo 1991.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dorsal accessory olive
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Inferior olivary complex
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: No description provided.

Medial accessory olive
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Inferior olivary complex
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: No description provided.

Principal olive
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Inferior olivary complex
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: No description provided.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral reticular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pre-Post Cerebellar nuclei
definition: According to Kapogianis et al. 1982a, b.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Presubiculum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retrohippocampal region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral reticular nucleus magnocellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral reticular nucleus
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: No description provided.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral reticular nucleus parvicellular part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral reticular nucleus
definition: No description provided.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Linear nucleus of the medulla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pre-Post Cerebellar nuclei
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Watson and Switzer 1978. Based on connections (Watson and Switzer 1978), cytology and topology, these cells are reminiscent of a bridge of LRN cells over the rostral end of the nucleus ambiguus.

Paramedian reticular nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pre-Post Cerebellar nuclei
definition: According to Mehler 1969, Somana and Wahlberg 1978, Andrezik and Beitz 1985.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Parasolitary nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pre-Post Cerebellar nuclei
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Allen 1923, Walberg et al. 1962, Low et al. 1986.

Red nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pre-Post Cerebellar nuclei
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: While small neurons predominate rostrally and large neurons caudally (Reid et al. 1975, Strominger et al. 1987), it is difficult to draw a boundary between parvicellular and magnocellular parts in the rat.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Pituitary gland
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Brain
definition: Ariens Kappers 1960.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Median eminence
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pituitary gland
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Schwind 1928, Daniel and Prichard 1975, Hebel and Stromberg 1986.

Median eminence external lamina
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Median eminence
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Schwind 1928, Daniel and Prichard 1975, Hebel and Stromberg 1986.

Median eminence internal lamina
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Median eminence
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Schwind 1928, Daniel and Prichard 1975, Hebel and Stromberg 1996.

Presubiculum, layers 1-6
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Presubiculum
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Infundibulum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pituitary gland
definition: Schwind 1928, Daniel and Prichard 1975, Hebel and Stromberg 1996.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Infundibulum external lamina
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Infundibulum
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Schwind 1928, Daniel and Prichard 1975, Hebel and Stromberg 1996.

Infundibulum internal lamina
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Infundibulum
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Schwind 1928, Daniel and Prichard 1975, Hebel and Stromberg 1996.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Pituitary gland, anterior lobe
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pituitary gland
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Schwind 1928, Daniel and Prichard 1975, Hebel and Stromberg 1996.

Pituitary gland, intermediate lobe
type: Class
label: Spinal Cord
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system gray matter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pituitary gland
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: In vertebrates, the spinal cord is the caudal part of the central nervous system that lies within the vertebral column (Swanson, 2004, p. 165). For a general account of the rat spinal cord, see Waibl (1973) and Altman and Bayer (1984), for attempts to impose a laminar organization on the spinal cord see Rexed (1952, 1954) and Brichta and Grant (1985).
definition: Schwind 1928, Daniel and Prichard 1975, Hebel and Stromberg 1996.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dorsal horn of the spinal cord
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pituitary gland, intermediate lobe
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The basic division of the dorsal horn used by Cajal (1995) has been adopted here. He divided the base of the dorsal horn into medial and lateral basal nuclei (together called the BDG here), whereas his head and neck (center) of the dorsal horn has come to be referred to as the nucleus proprius (see Carpenter and Sutin 1983), the reticular nucleus (process) is found lateral to the nucleus proprius (see Rexed 1952).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Marginal zone of the spinal cord
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal horn of the spinal cord
definition: According to Lima and Coimbra 1986, Holstege 1988.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal horn of the spinal cord
definition: According to Willis and Coggeshall 1991, Light and Kavookjian 1988, Rustioni and Weinberg 1989, Cruz et al. 1991.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Nucleus proprius of the spinal cord
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal horn of the spinal cord
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Todd 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Reticular nucleus of the spinal cord
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal horn of the spinal cord
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Rexed 1952.

Postsubiculum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retrohippocampal region
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Basal nucleus of the dorsal horn
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal horn of the spinal cord
definition: According to Cajal 1995.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral cervical nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Basal nucleus of the dorsal horn
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Baker and Giesler 1984, Giesler et al. 1988, Broman and Blomqvist 1989.

Lateral spinal nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Basal nucleus of the dorsal horn
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Giesler and Elde 1985, Burstein et al. 1987, Broman and Blomqvist 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Intermediate Gray of the Spinal Cord
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pituitary gland, intermediate lobe
definition: Cajaal (1995) essentially divided the intermediate gray into medial, intermediate and lateral parts (the commissural nucleus, intermediate nucleus, and nucleus of the lateral funiculus, respectively).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Central cervical nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Intermediate Gray of the Spinal Cord
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Matsushita and Hosoya 1979, Matsushita et al. 1991.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dorsal nucleus of the spinal cord
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Intermediate Gray of the Spinal Cord
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Matsushita and Hosoya 1979.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dorsal nucleus of the spinal cord caudal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal nucleus of the spinal cord
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Edgley and Grant 1991.

Intermediomedial column of the spinal cord
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Intermediate Gray of the Spinal Cord
definition: According to Petras and Cummings 1972, Molander et al. 1984, Brichta and Grant 1985, Molander et al. 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Intermediolateral column of the spinal cord
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Intermediate Gray of the Spinal Cord
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Rubin and Purves 1980, Mawe et al. 1986, Strack et al. 1988, Anderson et al. 1989, Barber et al. 1991, Hosoya et al. 1991.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dorsal commissural nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Intermediolateral column of the spinal cord
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Hancock and Peveto 1979.

Postsubiculum layers 1-6
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Postsubiculum
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Intercalated nucleus of the spinal cord
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Intermediolateral column of the spinal cord
definition: According to Petras and Cummings 1972, Barber et al. 1991.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Intermediolateral column of the spinal cord sympathetic column
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Intermediolateral column of the spinal cord
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: No description provided.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Intermediolateral column of the spinal cord parasympathetic column
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Intermediolateral column of the spinal cord
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: No description provided.

Central gray of the spinal cord
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pituitary gland, intermediate lobe
definition: According to Nahin et al. 1983.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Ventral horn of the spinal cord
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pituitary gland, intermediate lobe
definition: According to Brichta and Grant 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nucleus of the bulbocavernosus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral horn of the spinal cord
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Sasaki and Arnold 1991.

Onuf nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral horn of the spinal cord
definition: According to Kuzuhara et al. 1980.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Phrenic nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ventral horn of the spinal cord
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Kuzuhara and Chou 1980.

Central nervous system gray matter
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The vertebrate central nervous system is divided broadly into gray matter and white matter; the former is a mixture of neuronal cell bodies and neuropil that is regionally differentiated into nuclei, cortical areas, and variations upon them (Bullock and Horridge, 1965, 52; Swanson, 2003, p. 60 ff.; 2004, p. 166).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Parasubiculum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retrohippocampal region
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Lateral forebrain bundle system
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system white matter
definition: The lateral forebrain bundle system is a major component of the central nervous system white matter that includes the corpus callosum, the corticospinal tract and its many offshoots, and various thalamus to related pathways (Swanson, 2004, pp. 177 to 8).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Corpus callosum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral forebrain bundle system
definition: According to Carpenter and Sutin 1983, Williams et al. 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Corpus callosum anterior forceps
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corpus callosum
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Carpenter and Sutin 1983, Williams et al. 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Corpus callosum external capsule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corpus callosum
definition: According to Carpenter and Sutin 1983, Williams et al. 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Corpus callosum extreme capsule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corpus callosum
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Carpenter and Sutin 1983, Williams et al. 1989.

Genu of corpus callosum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corpus callosum
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Carpenter and Sutin 1983, Williams et al. 1989.

Corpus callosum posterior forceps
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corpus callosum
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Carpenter and Sutin 1983, Williams et al. 1989.

Rostrum of corpus callosum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corpus callosum
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Carpenter and Sutin 1983, Williams et al. 1989.

Splenium of corpus callosum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corpus callosum
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Carpenter and Sutin 1983, Williams et al. 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Parasubiculum layer 1
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parasubiculum
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Corticospinal tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral forebrain bundle system
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Carpenter and Sutin 1983, Williams et al. 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Internal capsule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corticospinal tract
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Saper 1984. The internal capsule in the rat corresponds to the posterior limb of the internal capsule in humans.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Cerebral peduncle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corticospinal tract
definition: According to Gudjian 1927.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Thalamic peduncles
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corticospinal tract
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gudjian 1927.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Corticotectal tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corticospinal tract
definition: According to Lund 1966, Harvey and Worthington 1990.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Corticopontine tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corticospinal tract
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Mihailoff et al. 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Corticobulbar tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corticospinal tract
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Zimmerman et al. 1964, Kuypers 1981, Wiesendanger 1981.

Pyramidal decussation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corticospinal tract
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Zeman and Innes 1963.

Pyramidal tract, crossed
type: Class
label: Medial forebrain bundle system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Corticospinal tract
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system white matter
definition: The medial forebrain bundle system is a major component of the central nervous system white matter that includes the medial forebrain bundle as traditionally understood, its extension through the brainstem into the spinal cord, and the major pathways that feed into and out of it (Swanson, 2004, pp. 178 to 9).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Leenen et al. 1964, Kuang and Kalil 1990. In the rat, the crossed corticospinal tract travels through ventral parts of the dorsal funiculus.

Amygdalar capsule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This fiber tract is often confused with the external capsule, which forms the medial border of the amygdalar basolateral complex, in the rat. We have not found a name for it in the literature.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Parasubiculum layer 2
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parasubiculum
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ansa peduncularis
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Nauta and Haymaker 1969.

Anterior commissure, temporal limb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Horel and Stelzner 1981.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Fimbria
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Anterior commissure, temporal limb
definition: The fimbria is the segment of the fornix that extends dorsally and rostrally from the ventral tip of the hippocampal region to the caudal end of the precommissural fornix and postcommissural fornix at the level of the subfornical organ, but excluding the alveus (Honegger, 1890).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Fornix system
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson et al. 1987.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Alveus of fornix
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fornix system
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Cajal 1995.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dorsal fornix
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fornix system
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Powell and Cowan 1955.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Precommissural fornix
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fornix system
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Swanson and Cowan 1977.

Postcommissural fornix
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fornix system
definition: According to Craigie 1925, Crosby et al. 1962. The vertically to oriented fibers in the medial septal nucleus and vertical limb of the nucleus of the diagonal band are sometimes referred to as Zuckerkandel's bundle.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Medial corticohypothalamic tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Postcommissural fornix
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Canteras and Swanson 1992b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Columns of the fornix
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Postcommissural fornix
definition: According to Swanson and Cowan 1977. They are often called the anterior columns of the fornix.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Parasubiculum layer 3
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parasubiculum
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Hippocampal commissures
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fornix system
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None Provided
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dorsal hippocampal commissure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hippocampal commissures
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dorsal hippocampal commissure angular bundle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal hippocampal commissure
definition: According to Cajal 1995.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ventral hippocampal commissure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hippocampal commissures
definition: According to Wyss et al. 1980.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Perforant path
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fornix system
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Lorente de No 1934.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Cingulum bundle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
definition: According Krieg 1947, White 1959.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial forebrain bundle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According Gurdjian 1925, 1927, Nauta and Haymaker 1969, Nieuwenhuys et al. 1982.

Supraoptic commissures
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
definition: According Gurdjian 1927, Tsang 1940, Nauta and Haymaker 1969. It si probably more aqccurate on embryological and connectional grounds to reer to them as postoptic decussations.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Supraoptic commissures, anterior
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Supraoptic commissures
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Tsang 1940, Nauta and Haymaker 1969. It is probably more accurate on embryological and connectional grounds to refer to them as postoptic decussations.

Supraoptic commissures, dorsal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Supraoptic commissures
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Tsang 1940, Nauta and Haymaker 1969. It is probably more accurate on embryological and connectional grounds to refer to them as postoptic decussations.

Parasubiculum layer 4
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parasubiculum
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Supraoptic commissures, ventral
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Supraoptic commissures
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Tsang 1940, Nauta and Haymaker 1969. It is probably more accurate on embryological and connectional grounds to refer to them as postoptic decussations.

Supramammillary decussation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
definition: According to Krudjian 1927, Nauta and Haymaker 1969.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Periventricular bundle of the hypothalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
definition: According to Krudjian 1927, Krieg 1932, Sutin 1966.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Principal mammillary tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Fry and Cowan 1972.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Mammillothalamic tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Cruce 1975, Seki and Zyo 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Mammillotegmental tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
definition: According to Allen and Hopkins 1990.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Mammillary peduncle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Cowan et al. 1964, Shibata 1987.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Periventricular bundle of the thalamus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
definition: According to Gurdjian 1927, Krieg 1932.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Stria medularis
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Gurdjian 1925, Swanson and Cowan 1979.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Fasciculus retroflexus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
definition: According to Gurdjian 1925, Herkenham and Nauta 1979, Contestabile et al. 1987.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Parasubiculum layer 5
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parasubiculum
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Habenular commisure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
definition: According to Gurdjian 1925.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dorsal longitudinal fascicle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Nauta and Haymaker 1969.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Dorsal tegmental tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
definition: According to Lindvall and Bjorklund 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Stria terminalis
type: Class
label: Cranial and Spinal Nerves (and Related)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Pyramidal tract, crossed
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system white matter
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: All of the cranial and spinal nerves have at least a short segment within the central nervous system itself, and many of the craniospinal nerve nuclei generate related pathways entirely within the central nervous system that are clearly defined (Swanson, 2004, p. 177).
definition: According to Gurdjian 1925, DeOlmos 1972.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Terminal nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
definition: According to Bojsen to Moller 1975, Schwanzel to Fukuda et al. 1985, Demski and Schwanzel to Fukuda 1987.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Olfactory nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Switzer et al al 1985, Doucette 1991.

Vomeronasal nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Vacarezza et al. 1981, Halpern 1987. It may be thought of a specialization of the olfactory nerve from a specialized region of the olfactory epithelium, the vomeronasal organ. It ends in the accessory olfactory bulb, whose axons travel through a localized region of the lateral olfactory tract called the accessory olfactory tract (Scalia and Winans 1975).

Lateral olfactory tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vomeronasal nerve
definition: According to Gurdjian 1925.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral olfactory tract dorsal limb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral olfactory tract
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Switzer et al. 1985.

Anterior commissure, olfactory limb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vomeronasal nerve
definition: According to Gurdjian 1925, Haberly and Price 1978b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Parasubiculum layer 6
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Parasubiculum
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Optic nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
definition: According to Crespo et al. 1985, Reese 1987a.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Accessory optic tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Optic nerve
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Hayhow et al 1960, Terubayashi and Fujisawa 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Brachium of the superior colliculus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Optic nerve
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Optic tract fibers that continune on past the lateral geniculate complex.

Commissure of the superior colliculus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Optic nerve
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Bucher and Nauta 19854, Jen and Au 1986.

Optic chiasm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Optic nerve
definition: According to Jeffery 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Optic tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Optic nerve
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Reese 1987b.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Techtothalamic pathway
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Optic nerve
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Taylor et al. 1986, Harting et al. 1991a.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Oculomotor nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
definition: According to Hebel and Stromberg 1986.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Medial longitudinal fascicle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Oculomotor nerve
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According Rhines and Windle 1941.

Posterior commissure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Oculomotor nerve
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Bucher and Nauta 1954.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Subiculum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retrohippocampal region
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Trochlear nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
definition: According to Hebel and Stromberg 1986.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Decussation of the trochlear nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Trochlear nerve
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Hebel and Stromberg 1986.

Trochlear nerve proper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Trochlear nerve
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: This is the remaining part of the trochlear nerve after eliminating the decussation of the trochlear nerve.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Abducens nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Hebel and Stromberg 1986

Trigeminal nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
definition: According to Erzurumlu and Killackey 1983, Hebel and Stromberg 1986.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Motor root of the trigeminal nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Trigeminal nerve
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Jacquin et al. 1983.

Sensory root of the trigeminal nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Trigeminal nerve
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Torvik 1956, Marfurt and Rajchert 1991.

Mesencephalic tract of the trigeminal nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Sensory root of the trigeminal nerve
definition: According to Rokx et al. 1986a.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Sensory root of the trigeminal nerve
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Torvik 1956, Marfurt and Rajchert 1991.

Facial nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Martin et al. 1977, Hebel and Stromberg 1986.

Subiculum dorsal part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Subiculum
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Intermediate nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Facial nerve
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Contreras et al. 1980, Hebel and Stromberg 1986.

Genu of the facial nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Facial nerve
definition: According to Contreras et al. 1980, Hebel and Stromberg 1986.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Vestibulocochlear nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
definition: According to Hebel and Stromberg 1986.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Efferent cochleovestibular bundle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vestibulocochlear nerve
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Strutz 1982, White and Warr 1983, Osen et al. 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Vestibular nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vestibulocochlear nerve
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Mehler and Rubertone 1985.

Cochlear nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vestibulocochlear nerve
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Harrison and Feldman 1970, Webster 1985.

Trapezoid body
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cochlear nerve
definition: According to Zeman and Innes 1963, Harrison and Feldman 1970, Adams and Warr 1976.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Intermediate acoustic stria
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cochlear nerve
definition: According to Zeman and Innes 1963, Harrison and Feldman 1970, Adams and Warr 1976.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dorsal acoustic stria
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cochlear nerve
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Harrison and Feldman 1970.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lateral lemniscus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cochlear nerve
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Fay to Lund and Osen 1985.

Subiculum dorsal part molecular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Subiculum dorsal part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Commissure of the inferior colliculus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cochlear nerve
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Fay to Lund and Osen 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Brachium of the inferior colliculus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cochlear nerve
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Zeman and Innes 1963.

Glossopharyngeal nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
definition: According to Contreras et al. 1980, Hebel and Stromberg 1986, Fukusawa et al. 1991.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Vagus nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
definition: According to Torvik 1956, Contreras et al. 1980, Hebel and Stromberg 1986, Altschuler et al. 1991.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Solitary tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Vagus nerve
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Torvik 1956, Contreras et al. 1980.

Accessory spinal nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Brichta et al. 1987.

Hypoglossal nerve
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
definition: According to Muntener et al. 1980.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ventral roots
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Waibl 1973, Hebel and Stromberg 1986.

Dorsal roots
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
definition: According to Waibl 1973, Hebel and Stromberg 1986, Neuhuber and Zenker 1989, Arvidsson and Pfaller 1990, Rivero to Melian and Grant 1990, Silverman and Kruger 1990, LaMotte et al. 1991.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Cervicothalamic tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Giesler et al 1988.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Central nervous system white matter
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The vertebrate central nervous system is divided broadly into gray matter and white matter; the latter is actually something of a misnomer, it actually refers to axonal pathways that interconnect gray matter regions, whether they are myelinated ( and quot;white and quot;), unmyelinated, or a mixture of both (Bullock and Horridge, 1965, p. 52 ff.; Swanson, 2003, p. 60 ff.; 2004, p. 166).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Subiculum dorsal part stratum radiatum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Subiculum dorsal part
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dorsolateral fascicle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Chung et al. 1987.

Ventral commissure of the spinal cord
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
definition: According to Waibl 1973.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dorsal columns
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
definition: According to Cliffer and Giesler 1989.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Cuneate fascicle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal columns
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Cliffer and Giesler 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Gracile fascicle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal columns
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Cliffer and Giesler 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Internal arcuate fibers
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal columns
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Massopust et al. 1985.

Medial lemniscus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Dorsal columns
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Massoupost et al. 1985.

Spinothalamic tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Giesler et al. 1981, Burnstein et al. 1990a.

Lateral spinothalamic tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinothalamic tract
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Giesler et al. 1981.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ventral spinothalamic tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinothalamic tract
definition: According to Giesler et al. 1981.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Subiculum dorsal part pyramidal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Subiculum dorsal part
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Spinocervical tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinothalamic tract
definition: According to GBaker and Giesler 1984, Giesler et al. 1988.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Spino-olivary pathway
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinothalamic tract
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swenson and Castro 1983, Molinari and Starr 1989
contributor: Larry Swanson

Spinoreticular pathway
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinothalamic tract
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Nahin 1987.

Spinovestibular pathway
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinothalamic tract
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Mehler and Rubertone 1985.

Spinotectal pathway
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinothalamic tract
definition: According to Yezierski 1988, Lima and Coimbra 1989, Zhang et al. 1990, Yezierski and Mendez 1991.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Spinohypothalamic pathway
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinothalamic tract
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Burstein et al. 1987, 1990b.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Spinotelencephalic pathway
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Spinothalamic tract
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Burstein et al. 1987, Burstein and Giesler 1989.

Extrapyramidal fiber systems
type: Class
label: Hypothalamohypophysial tract
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Stria terminalis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system white matter
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: The extrapyramidal fiber systems are a major, diverse component of the central nervous system white matter that for the most part are either associated with cerebral nuclei inputs and outputs, or are associated with the tectospinal, rubrospinal, reticulospinal, and vestibulospinal pathways or tracts (Swanson, 2004, p. 178).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Swanson 1987.

Extrapyramidal fiber systems, basal-nuclei related
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Extrapyramidal fiber systems
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Voogd 1995, Voogd et al. 1996.

Pallidothalamic pathway
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Extrapyramidal fiber systems, basal-nuclei related
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Carter and Fibinger 1978.

Subiculum ventral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Subiculum
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

Nigrostriatal tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Extrapyramidal fiber systems, basal-nuclei related
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Fallon and Moore 1978, Bjorklund and Lindvall 1984.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Nigrothalamic fibers
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Extrapyramidal fiber systems, basal-nuclei related
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Clavier et al. 1976.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Pallidotegmental fascicle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Extrapyramidal fiber systems, basal-nuclei related
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Jackson and Crossman 1981, Yasui et al. 1990.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Striatonigral pathway
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Extrapyramidal fiber systems, basal-nuclei related
definition: According to Nauta and Domesick 1974.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Subthalamic fascicle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Extrapyramidal fiber systems, basal-nuclei related
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Ricardo 1908, Canteras et al. 1990.
contributor: Larry Swanson

Tectospinal pathway
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Extrapyramidal fiber systems
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Redgrave et al. 1987, 1990.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Direct tectospinal pathway
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Tectospinal pathway
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Redgrave et al. 1987, 1990.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Dorsal tegmental decussation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Tectospinal pathway
definition: According to Redgrave et al. 1987, 1990.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Crossed tectospinal pathway
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Tectospinal pathway
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Redgrave et al. 1987, 1990.

Rubrospinal tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Extrapyramidal fiber systems
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Waldon and Gwyn 1969.

Subiculum ventral part molecular layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Subiculum ventral part
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Ventral tegmental decussation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Rubrospinal tract
definition: According to Waldon and Gwyn 1969.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Rubroreticular tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Rubrospinal tract
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Waldon and Gwyn 1969.

Central tegmental bundle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Extrapyramidal fiber systems
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: Accroding to Bebin 1956.

Reticulospinal tract
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Extrapyramidal fiber systems
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Carpenter and Sutin 1983, Williams et al. 1989.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Reticulospinal tract, lateral part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticulospinal tract
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Newman 1985a.

Reticulospinal tract, medial part
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Reticulospinal tract
definition: According to Newman 1985b.
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Vestibulospinal pathway
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Extrapyramidal fiber systems
definition: According to Mehler and Rubertone 1985.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Lateral ventricle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system ventricular system
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The lateral ventricle is the component of the ventricular system within the each cerebrum; thus, there is a right and left (first and second) lateral ventricle, each of which communicates with the third ventricle of the interbrain through the right and left interventricular foramen (Millen and Woollam, 1962, p. 33 ff.; Swanson, 1998, p. 195).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Subiculum ventral part stratum radiatum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Subiculum ventral part
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Interventricular foramen
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system ventricular system
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None provided

Third ventricle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system ventricular system
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: The fourth ventricle is the component of the ventricular system in the roof of the hindbrain, ventral to the cerebellum (Millen and Woollam, 1962, p. 51 ff.; Swanson, 1998, p. 195).
contributor: Larry Swanson

Cerebral aqueduct
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system ventricular system
definition: The cerebral aqueduct is the narrow component of the ventricular system in the midbrain, between the third ventricle rostrally and the fourth ventricle caudally (Millen and Woollam, 1962, p. 47 ff.; Swanson, 1998, p. 195).
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Fourth ventricle
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Central nervous system ventricular system
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Central canal
type: Class
definition: No description provided
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Rhinocele
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral ventricle
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson

Subependymal zone
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Lateral ventricle
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson

Third ventricle preoptic recess
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Third ventricle
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: None provided
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Third ventricle periventricular recess
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Third ventricle
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Third ventricle mamillary recess
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Third ventricle
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson

Subiculum ventral part pyramidal layer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Subiculum ventral part
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Cerebral aqueduct collicular recess
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral aqueduct
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None provided

Cerebral aqueduct subcommissural organ
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebral aqueduct
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson

Fourth ventricle median aperture
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fourth ventricle
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: None provided

Fourth ventricle lateral aperture
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fourth ventricle
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: None provided

Fourth ventricle lateral recess
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fourth ventricle
definition: None provided
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Rostral medullary velum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fourth ventricle
definition: None provided
contributor: Larry Swanson
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Caudal medullary velum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fourth ventricle
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: None provided
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Neuron
type: Class
subclass of: Cell
definition: Neurons, also known as nerve cells, are the conducting cell type of the nervous system; they are the fundamental units of neural circuits or networks and establish functional contacts with other cells by way of chemical or electrical synapses (Dorland Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 2003, p. 1256; Swanson, 2003, p. 245).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

Glial cell
type: Class
subclass of: Cell
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: Glial cells, also known as neuroglial cells or glia, are the nonconducting, support cells of the nervous system; neurons form the other major component of nervous system tissue (Dorland Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 2003, p. 777).
contributor: Larry Swanson

sensory neuron
type: Class
subclass of: Neuron
definition: Sensory neurons form the division of neurons that transduces stimuli from the environment or non to neuronal parts of the body, and transmits them to other parts of the sensory system, as well as directly or indirectly via the sensory system to the motor, behavioral state, and cognitive systems (Swanson, 2003, p. 187 ff.; Bota and Swanson, 2007, Fig. 3).
comment: Nomenclature: Ad-hoc

Hippocampal region
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hippocampal formation
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

motor neuron
type: Class
subclass of: Neuron
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-structural
definition: Motoneuron groups are the final common pathway or primary neuron populations of the motor system; they are directly responsible for producing somatic, autonomic, and neuroendocrine responses and their output is a function of inputs from higher levels of the motor system hierarchy, and the cognitive, behavioral state, and sensory systems (Swanson, 2004, pp. 175 to 6).

interneuron
type: Class
subclass of: Neuron
definition: Interneurons are those neurons that receive inputs from and send axonal projections to other neurons.
comment: Nomenclature: Ad-hoc

sensory-motor neuron
type: Class
subclass of: Neuron
definition: Sensory to motor neurons form the small division of neurons that transduces sensory stimuli from the environment or other parts of the body, and transmits them via an axon directly to a non to neuronal effector cell; they combine the features of a sensory neuron and a motor neuron (Swanson, 2003, Fig. 2.5; Swanson and Bota, 2007, Fig. 1).
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson

motor neuroendocrine neuron
type: Class
subclass of: motor neuron
definition: The hypothalamus constitues the final common pathway for the central neural control of the anterior, intermediate, and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland; in short, it contains the motoneurons of the endocrine system.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson

photoreceptor
type: Class
subclass of: sensory neuron
comment: Nomenclature: Rodieck
definition: The photoreceptors have perikarya which lie in the outer nuclear layer and, with one possible exception, are only cells that convey input signals to the retina.

motor somatic neuron
type: Class
subclass of: motor neuron
definition: Somatic motor neurons are those neurons that innervate the striate muscles of the body.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-General

motor neuroendocrine parvicellular neuron
type: Class
subclass of: motor neuroendocrine neuron
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson
definition: The cell bodies and fiber systems associated with the synthesis and release of hypophysiotropic hormones are referred to collectively as the parvocellular neurosecretory system.

motor neuroendocrine magnocellular neuron
type: Class
subclass of: motor neuroendocrine neuron
definition: Collator note: the large to sized neurons that project to the pituitary gland.
comment: PMID: 7451682
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson

retinal ganglion cell
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
comment: Nomenclature: Rodieck
definition: A retinal ganglion cell is defined as a neuron whose perikaryon lies in the retina and which has an axon that becomes a fiber of the optic nerve. Ganglion cell perikarya usually lie in the ganglion cell layer just vitreally to the inner plexiform layer, although a few (displaced) ganglion cells are found in the inner plexiform layer or in the amacrine cell layer.

Ammon Horn
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Hippocampal region
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
contributor: Larry Swanson

interplexiform cell
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
comment: PMID: 6158054
definition: We...observed cells in vertical sections where a process arises from the cell body and ascends through the inner nuclear layer to terminate in the outer plexiform layer (figure 2, plate 1; figure 10). These cells have been termed inteplexiform cells by Gallego (1971).
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Perry

retinal amacrine cell
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
definition: The name amacrine cell was given by Cajal to cells that have no axon. He observed such cells not only in the retina but also in other parts of the brain. In the retina none of the amacrine cells appear to have have axons or axonlike processes, with the possible exception of the so to called association amacrine observed by Cajal (Ramon y Cajal, 1892, 1911) in the bird retina; this amacrine cell type may be a short to axon amacrine cell similar to the short to axon horizontal cell. Usually all the processes of a single anacrine cell look similar when viewed in Golgi to stained material by light microscopy.
comment: Nomenclature: Rodieck

retinal bipolar cell
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
comment: Nomenclature: Rodieck
definition: The defining characteristic of a bipolar cell is that its dendritic processes terminate in or about the outer plexiform layers, where they make contact with photoreceptors, and its axonal processes terminate in or about the inner plexiform layer.

horizontal cell
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Retina, inner nuclear layer
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 855089
comment: Nomenclature: Peichl
definition: Lucifer to Yellow injections in rat and gerbil retinae revelead only one type of horizontal cell, which resembles the B to type cells of cat and rabbit (Figs 5 and 6). They have a relatively densely branched, approximatively circular dendritic tree with several fine to primary dendrites. The dendrites carry single terminals or small aggregates of terminals which are all in the same place and thus presumably contac cones. On all to well filled individuals an axon is found. Axons commonly originate at a dendrite, are up to 300 micrometers long, and expand into profusely branched axon terminal systems which are densely covered with terminals. These terminals end on various planes and thus presumably contact rods. Horizontal cell soma diameters are 11 to 14 micrometers in rat.

rod
type: Class
subclass of: photoreceptor
definition: Rods contain two segments to outer and inner to that are very distinct in osmicated preparations. ...All vertebrates including fish, have outer segments, although it is believed that they are absent in some birds; they are very abundant in nocturnal animals such as the larged horned owl, barn owl, rat and mouse. The inner segment is a bit longer and thicker than the outer segment. It is finely granular, stains lightly with carmine and the basic aniline dyes, and is unaffected by osmic acid. Rod perikarya (Fig. 190a) lie at various depths in the layer under consideration and contain a very small amout of cytoplasm, along with an ovoid nucleus that is smaller than that of cones.
comment: Nomenclature: Cajal-Detwiler-Walls

cone
type: Class
subclass of: photoreceptor
definition: These elements are shorter and less abundant than rods, except in the fovea centralis, where they are the only visual cells present. They are shaped like bottles sitting on the outer limiting membrane with their necks extending into spaces between rods (Figs. 188e and 190B). Their length increases from the periphery of the retina to the macula lutea. Like rods, cones present two segments. The short, cone to shaped, higly variable outer segement is covered with a very thin hyaline film, and its contents are homogeneous and quite refractive in fresh tissue. In contrast, its superimposed lamellae may be easily dissociated. The inner segment is much longer as well as much thicker, and its granular cytoplasm is lightly stained by carmine, hematoxiline, and the basic aniline dyes.
comment: Nomenclature: Cajal-Detwiler-Walls

descending neuron
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson
definition: These neurons project to the autonomic centers located in the spinal cord and in the dorsal medulla, and are located in the hypothalamus.

Purkinje neuron
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellar cortex
definition: According to Ramon y Cajal (1911), their cell bodies are between 35 and 65 micrometers in man. In the rat the cell bodies are 21 micrometers in diameter and 25 micrometers long on the average. There are 3.5 X 105 [Purkinje cells] in the rat (Armstrong and Schild, 1970). The cell bodies are arranged in a sheet one cell thick at the interface between the molecular and granular layers without any obvious pattern or clustering. In the rat Armstrong and Schild obtained a mean density of 1200 Purkinje cells per mm2 of Purkinje cell sheet by one methosd of counting, and by other method of counting a mean density of 1080 cell per mm 2. In Nissl preparations the cell body is characterized by its large, pale nucleus, an intensely basophilic nucleus, and scattered, rather small, polygonal Nissl bodies. The nucleolus of the Purkinje cell is an impressive, approximately spherical body usually lying near the center of the nucleus, but occasionally near the nuclear envelope. The dendritic tree of the Purkinje cell arises from one to four trunks that issue out of the apical pole of the cell body. The trunks extend directly outward or at an angle toward the surface of the folium, depending upon the location of the cell in the folium. The most remarkable characteristic of the Purkinje cell dendritic tree is its three to dimensional form. It is spread out in a vertical plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the folium, and is therefore displayed best in parasagittal sections. In this plane the tree extends to 300 to 400 micrometers, while in the longitudinal axis of the folium it is only 15 to 20 micrometers wide (see Fig. 10). The second remarkable characteristic of the Purkinje cell dendritic tree is its rich complement of thorns (Figs 7 and 23). The axon of the Purkinje cell arises from a barely perceptible projection on the basal pole of the soma. As Ramon y Cajal (1911) remarked, there is no clear line of demarcation between the cell body and the axon, as small granule…
comment: Nomenclature: Cajal

cerebellar granule cell
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellar cortex
definition: The granule cells of the cerebellar cortex are among the smallest nerve cells in the body. The number of granule cells is enormous, and they are densely packed in the cerebellar cortex of all vertebrates. Rapid Golgi preparations show that the granule cell has an unmistakably characteristic shape, a globular cell body with three or four short, radiating dendrites. These processes are typically sinuous, branching only at their ends, where they produce a gnarled, claw to like, sometimes varicose inflorescence. The dendrites from several granule cells, perhaps as many as six, converge upon the mossy fiber terminal. The axon of the granule cell originates from the cell body, or frequently from the thicker stem of a dendrite, and snakes its way up through the granular layer. In the upper third of the granular layer, axons from neighboring granule cells come together to form thin bundles, which penetrate between the Purkinje cell bodies and ascend into the molecular layer. In this layer each granule cell axon bifurcates like a T, giving rise to a pair of long, thin fibers, 0.1 to 0.2 micrometers in diameter, running in opposite directions parallel to the longitudinal axis of the folium (Figs. 5 and 53). For this reason they were termed parallel fibers by Ramon y Cajal (1888b).
comment: Nomenclature: Chan-Palay

Golgi neuron
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
definition: In 1874 Golgi described two kinds of distinctive large cells in the granular layer of the human cerebellar cortex. The first kind of nerve cell had a long, fusiform perikaryon that lay directly beneath the layer of Purkinje cell bodies and extended transversely across the folium. The second kind that he described was irregularly rounded or polygonal , almost as large as the Purkinje cell, and furnished with nuerous dendrites that, in contrast to those of the fusiform cells, tended predominantly to run into the molecular layer. In the present account we shall follow the traditional terminology and restrict the Golgi cells to the large stellate or polygonal cells that Golgi listed as his second group.
comment: Nomenclature: Chan-Palay

Field CA1
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Ammon Horn
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004

Lugaro neuron
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellar cortex
comment: PMID: 8930789
definition: Lugaro cells, which are found in all parts of the cerebellum [...] must therefore be considered as a distinct cell class: (1) they are nearly always located at the upper border of the granular layer, just beneath the monolayer of Purkinje cell somata, only very few neurons being scattered in the depth of the granular layer; (2) they have a bipolar fusiform shape, the soma being elongated in a parasagittal direction from which the long dendrites radiate in a diverging manner, extending in a flattened horizontal X underneath the ganglionic layer; and (3) their axon projects into the molecular layer with a constant profuse local plexus and some apparently inconstant distal fibers, while a few sparse projections to the granular layer are also systematically found.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Laine and Axelrad

candelabrum cell
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellar cortex
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Laine and Axelrad
comment: PMID: 8300903
definition: The perikaryon [...] is always located inside the PC [Purkinje cell] layer. It is squeezed, either between the bulging parts of the PC somata or in the space left free between their upper poles, just at the level of the lower border of the molecular layer.

unipolar brush neuron
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellar cortex
comment: PMID: 8300904
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Mugnaini
definition: These neurons have rounded or ovoidal cell bodies (9 to 12 micrometers in diameter) that are intermediate in size between granule and Golgi cells. Within a given folium, the UBCs occur at all levels of the granular layer (Fig 1.c), sometimes immediately beneath the Purkinje cell layer and also in the folial withe matter (Fig. 1c, f).

cerebellar molecular layer interneuron
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Cerebellar cortex
comment: Nomenclature: Sultan and Bower
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: Molecular layer interneurons represent one population of cells, which vary continuously in their morphology depending on the depth of the soma in the molecular layer.
comment: PMID: 9548555

spiny bipolar neuron
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis juxtacapsular nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd
definition: The most frequent neuronal type found in the (BST)Ju is a spiny bipolar cell that accounts for about 78% of the impregnated neurons. In sagittal sections, the dendritic arborization of these neurons corresponds to that of typical bipolar neurons; the paired primary dendrites run in opposite directions, generating narrow dendritic fields, as defined by Peters (1984) and Peters and Jones (1984), that extend through the dorsoventral extent of the Ju. The somata and proximal dendrites of bipolar neurons tend to be located within the middle one to third of the Ju, as depicted in horizontal sections.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 15211463

small pyramidal neuron
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis juxtacapsular nucleus
definition: A second type of cell, representing 6% of the neurons of the Ju, is commonly found within the dorsal part of the Ju and is characterized by an oval to triangular perikaryon, an ascending dendrite, and two or three basal dendrites. Because of these latter characteristics and because its axon leaves the nuclear borders, these cells will be referred to as and quot;small pyramidal cells and quot;
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 15211463

basket neuron
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Chan-Palay
definition: Within the upper part of the Ju, there is a third neuronal type, the basket cell (BC), which accounts for about 8% of the neurons observed in the nucleus. The BCs correspond to the second type of short to axon neurons observed in the Ju (Fig. 4A,B). . The core of the Ov exhibits a neuron type that strongly resembles the basket cells described by Ramon y Cajal (1904) in the mammalian neocortex and by Larriva to Sahd (2004) in the adult rat Ju of the BST.

triangular neuron
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis juxtacapsular nucleus
definition: The soma is triangular or stellate and typically gives rise to three distinct primary dendrites that leave the soma from its dorsal and ventrolateral aspects. The dorsally directed dendrite pierces the ventral part of the Ju, and the ventral ones follow a horizontal direction, parallel to the AC.
comment: PMID: 15211463
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd

Field CA1 stratum lacunosum-moleculare
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Field CA1
comment: Nomenclature: Swanson-2004
contributor: Larry Swanson
definition: According to Blackstad 1956, Swanson et al. 1987. See Canteras et al. (1992a) for a discussion of the ventral region of the medial entorhinal area.

superficial spiny neuron
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus
definition: The lateral part of the shell of the Ov contains a distinct layer of spiny neurons (Fig. 7A). Somata of SSNs are ovoid or triangular, measuring 18 to 25 micrometers in the longest axis. Primary dendrites have two or three short branches that run divergently.
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd
comment: PMID: 16786552
contributor: Mihail Bota

common spiny neuron
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus
comment: PMID: 16786552
definition: The CSN is the most frequent cell type (44%) and short axon neuron found in the Ov (Fig. 8). Neurons classified as CSN are a heterogeneous group of spiny interneurons scattered throughout the core and, occasionally, the shell of the nucleus. This cell type bears strong similarities to the type described by MacDonald (1983) in and quot;the lateral subdivision of the BST and quot;, which clearly corresponds to the Ov reported by Ju and Swanson (1989).
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd
contributor: Mihail Bota

spiny neuron with chandelier-like axon
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus
definition: This cell type, usually found throughout the core of the Ov, is separately classified from other spiny neurons for its oval or triangular soma and, above all, ubiquitous axonal features. The soma measures from 17 to 22 micrometers in the longest axis, and it gives rise to two or three thick primary dendrites devoid of spines. Primary dendrites are relatively short (20 to 70 micrometers), providing long secondary (120 to 200 micrometers) and occasionally tertiary, terminal dendrites. An abundance of dendritic spines is a prominent feature of secondary and tertiary dendrites. The dendritic field is roughly ovoid; it measures 150 to 300 micrometers and remains within the confines of the core. The axon stems from the soma or from the root of a primary dendrite, following an arched trajectory for 100 to 300 micrometers. Then, the axon gives rise to two to six long collaterals, which display small varicosities. A unique feature of SCA axons is the presence of short, straight collaterals issuing transverse drumstick terminals. These collaterals consist of rows of large, rounded swellings connected by very thin (0.2 micrometers) axoplasmic bridges, i.e., candles.
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 16786552

dense axon plexus-forming neurons
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: Among the short to axon neurons, the neurogliaform (NG) and spinous neurogliaform (SNG) types have an extremely dense plexus, and both fall into the DAPF category (Jones, 1984). Both cell types are found in the upper half of the core of the Ov.
comment: PMID: 16786552
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd

beaded neuron
type: Class
subclass of: local interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus
comment: PMID: 16786552
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd
definition: ... cell located within the core of the nucleus [BSTov] that is termed a beaded neuron (BN) because of its rounded soma and numerous spherules along both dendrites and axon (Fig. 11). The soma measures from 12 to 17 micrometers in its widest axis and is nearly spherical, having a rather smooth profile. The soma issues two or three short primary dendrites, which usually run horizontally. After a short distance (10 to 40 micrometers), these proximal branches give rise to sets of two to five long, secondary dendrites. The occurrence of third to order dendrites is variable, as is their length (20 to 150 micrometers). A defining characteristic of BN dendrites is the presence of distinct varicosities that are virtually devoid of dendritic spines, similar to those described by Belenky et al. (2003) for certain retinal ganglion cells.

constrained-range neuron
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
comment: PMID: 16786552
definition: The shape and dimensions of the dendritic field have strong implications for connectivity (Szentagothai, 1990, Stepanyants and Chklovskii, 2005) and accordingly, projection neurons in the Ov fall into two broad classes, namely, wide to range (larger than 300 micrometers) and constrained to range dendritic fields.
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd
contributor: Mihail Bota

wide-range neuron
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 16786552
definition: The shape and dimensions of the dendritic field have strong implications for connectivity (Szentagothai, 1990, Stepanyants and Chklovskii, 2005) and accordingly, projection neurons in the Ov fall into two broad classes, namely, wide to range (larger than 300 micrometers).
comment: Nomenclature: Larriva-Sahd

motor neuron, extraocular muscles
type: Class
subclass of: motor somatic neuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Abducens nucleus
comment: Nomenclature: Glicksman
definition: The motoneurons of the superior oblique [muscle] are located in the contralateral trochlear nucleus.... The cell bodies of lateral rectus motoneurons are not homogeneously distributed throughout the ipsilateral abducens nucleus.
contributor: Mihail Bota
comment: PMID: 7370761

IO projecting neuron, cerebellar nuclei
type: Class
subclass of: projection interneuron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ro:has part
  some values from: Fastigial nucleus
contributor: Mihail Bota
definition: Large numbers of neurons in the lateral, the anterior interposed and the posterior interposed cerebellar nuclei, and small numbers of neurons in the ventrolateral region of the medial cerebellar nucleus and in the dorsal part of the lateral vestibular nucleus were retrogradely labeled by WGA to HRP injections restricted to the IO.
comment: Nomenclature: Mugnaini
comment: PMID: 1793166