To specify that an object has a particular footnote associated with it.
To indicate the order that objects are presented.
To specify the underlying structure of an object.
To indicate the specific URI of an object.
To indicate that a footnote is associated with a particular object.
To indicate the logical position of an object.
Inverse of has-summary property. It can be used to indicate which object does the summary object summarise.
To indicate the mobility coverage of an object.
A sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory.
Is usually a graphical, animated (dynamic) object that is used to advertise another page and provides link to that page.
A banner that is used to advertise another page (Node) or site (Collection). This concept is also a child of the Banner concept.
Knowledge is the ability to recognise environmental and spatial information from sources of learnt knowledge either from external sources like maps and guides, or directly from mental recall. External memory is the provision of these external sources of learnt knowledge (e.g., maps, guides) and so the purpose of the object is to support such external memory.
The purpose of the object is to help user answer the question “where can I go?�?
The purpose of the object is to help user answer the question “where am I?�?.
Components are arranged in an alphabetical order.
Connecting (linking) objects based on the similarity of their context. Instantiation of a semantic relationship between information elements or can be defined as creating links based on meaning and cross referencing of objects.
Is used to maintain semantic relationship between the linked elements. A good example is a link that is used for cross-referencing.
This concept represents a coherent object that cannot be logically decomposed.
Some sites use breadcrumbs like navigational features as metainformation to describe components of the site. Links are provided in a breadcrumb manner instead of a flat list of keywords.
Authoring Semantics: Encapsulate information about how the components of a Web page are structured and organised to form the overall structure. AuthoringConcept subsumes the concepts in this part of the ontology.
Usually has a variety of rectangular or square shapes and is meant to catch the immediate attention of the visitor. It can include text, graphic and animation.
Allows users to mark a page or a specific place in a page for later retrieval.
Indicates the limit or extend of other objects. It usually determines the limits of an area and indicates a border or limit.
Representation of where and how information is located within a Web site. It allows a user to link to major categories of information along a continuum of sequential order.
Is an activity that a traveller can engage in while travelling a journey or can be defined as movement through an information space. It is the task of looking to see what is available in the world.
A title, short explanation or description accompanying an illustration for example a table or a figure.
The user has no specific goal and is not focused. The activity is purely random, unstructured and unsystematic.
Several objects grouped together to form a coherent unit.
A reference or quotation; a short note recognised a source of information or of a quoted passage.
Covers mobility WITHIN a Collection (e.g., site).
Represents the punctuation mark ‘,’ that is used to separate elements.
The context of the connections (links) between objects (Collection, Node, Chunk or Atom).
Is copyright note that is usually located at the bottom of a Web page and includes a opyrightsymbol.
The range over which mobility concepts are applied or to extend to which something is covered.
A table used to organise data rather than layout of a page.
Is used to present the definitions of a list of items (e.g., HTML DL element) NavigationalList
Supports organisation of links in a hierarchical structure. Since it has a specific order, it is also a child of OrderedList.
Is a list of questions that are frequently asked about a specific topic along with their answers.
Is a list of links bookmarked on personal pages for later retrieval. Typically users bookmark pages for their future journeys and as a reference for others.
A diagram or picture illustrating textual material.
A caption particularly used to describe or identify a figure.
Is typically positioned at the bottom of a page and includes information about the designer or the company, copyright information and a list of links.
In printed documents, it is a note placed below the main body of the text on a page or can be defined as a note to explain, comment on or provide references for an information in a document.
Is typically printed at the top of a page and includes, for example, a company logo, the title of the page, list of links and sometimes a search engine.
Indicates what the passage below is about (e.g., HTML heading element (H1-H6)).
Is a widely known concept in newspapers; it is usually set in large type to indicate an important or sensational piece of news. In the context of Web pages, it is the highlighted heading which can be the latest updated or the most important heading in the page.
Components are arranged in a hierarchical order.
Each chunk of information (Collection, Node, Chunk or Atom) is connected such that superior nodes are connected to interior nodes (provided connections tend to show parent-child relationship).
Provides links to the pages that the user has visited before. It usually presents the links in a particular time order therefore it is also a child of the OrderedList.
A graphic symbol (usually a simple picture) that denotes a concept in a graphical system.
Provides links to pages in an alphabetical order based on keys (or keywords), each of which identifies a page. This concept has only one child which is SiteIndex.
Covers mobility BETWEEN Nodes (e.g., pages).
Covers mobility WITHIN a Node (e.g., page).
An identifying marker attached to an object. It is usually used with form elements.
A table used to organise layout of a page.
Each chunk of information (Collection, Node, Chunk or Atom) is connected in a linear structure such that it can be followed in a stepwise manner (like a guided tour).
Is used to provide a link to objects (Atom,Chunk or Node) and has a URI definition normally used in conjunction with HTML anchor (A) element.
A list of links that are meant to represent a menu. This concept has one child: DropDownLinkMenu which is meant to represent a menu where options appear below the item when the user clicks on them.
Conveys the position of the current page within the site hierarchy. A page has the same breadcrumb trail, no matter how users get there.
Each chunk of information (Collection, Node, Chunk or Atom) is connected to all its neighbours in a matrix structure.
Mobility Semantics: Encapsulate the knowledge about the travel objects from real world mobility studies. This part of the ontology focuses on how the objects are used in a typical journey. Objects can have a journey role which depends on the context of the travel task and can also have one or more environmental roles depending on the underlying environment. MobilityConcept subsumes the concepts in this part of the ontology.
This activity focuses on attributes of interest to the information seeker. For example, while reading a text related to a specific topic, a monitoring strategy �?listens�? for concepts related to another topic of interest.
Nota bene. It is usually used to direct attention to something particularly important.
Provides information about the location of a page with respect to the overall structure of a site. The main difference between this and the BreadcrumbTrail concept is that the latter does not include links.
A list of links (items have to provide navigation support). Links do not need to be presented in a specific order.
Each chunk of information (Collection, Node, Chunk or Atom) is connected to other chunks based on their associative context (like graph) and does not maintain a rigid structure.
A comment that is usually added as supporting information to the main content of the document- additional information.
Components are arranged in a numerical order.
Shows the intention of an object in an environment rather than the purpose of a traveller (reader).
This activity can be used when the information seeker assumes that he(she) is in a promising neighbourhood and react the stimuli from the neighbourhood. For example, advertisements in newspapers and magazines and proactive titles of books on shelves attract the browser’s attention as he(she) applies observational tactics. Observations may lead to interesting discoveries but yield initiation control to the environment.
The user has a less definite target. The activity iis less systematic and more predictive.
These concepts can be used to indicate the order of organisation of the components of an object.
Is a list of items in a specific order (e.g., HTML OL tag).
Postscript. A note appended to a letter after a signature.
A chunk that provides a summary of the page.
Shows the path the user has taken within the site to get to the current page. A page can have different breadcrumbs based on how users get there.
These concepts can be used to show the position of the objects within a page. The aim of this concept is not to provide the actual physical position but to make the implicit logical position information explicit.
Contextual Semantics: A Web journey can take place in different contexts and concepts in this group provide contextual knowledge about a journey such as the purpose of the journey being undertaken, etc. Purpose subsumes the concepts in this part of the ontology.
This task can be defined as simple as using a search engine to submit a description of the object being sought and receiving relevant content of information.
Is typically used to provide a summary of a page and a link to that page. It provides referential information [LH98]. It typically contains a heading, a small paragraph of text and a small image that is used to illustrate the content. It is used to introduce the target page and provide link so that the user can follow in order to get further information.
Connecting (linking) objects based on an elaboration of the information or can be defined as providing a link between an item of information and an elaboration or explanation of that information. The item at one end of a referential link exists because of the existence of the other item (e.g., a link from a word to its definition).
Provides a link between an item of information and an elaboration or explanation of that information.
A footer that is positioned at the bottom of every page in a site or on a group of pages in a site.
A header that is positioned at the top of every page of a site or on a group of pages in a site.
This is an activity that compares sets of well-defined objects with an object that is clearly represented in the information seeker’s mind.
Consists of an edit box, a button and is usually identified by a Label. It could be used to search the site or the Web.
This activity is the task of looking for a known target.
Is a heading that is used to identify a particular section.
Is usually used to separate one object from the others. It can also be considered as a delimiter.
Is synonymous to a shopping basket. It is usually used to bookmark a set of pages or items on a shopping site so that they can be used in the payment process.
The object is positioned either at the right or left of the page, but that is not really important, the important thing is the notion of being on the side.
Is similar to frames and typically used to provide navigational features. It can also be referred to as a navigation bar and usually positioned either on the left or right side of the page.
Provides an alphabetical list of links to pages within a site.
Provides a well structured view of pages in a site. It usually shows the categories of links, ordered in a specific sequence used to show the structure and overview of the site.
A chunk that provides a summary of a site.
A link that enables users, in particular visually impaired users, to avoid certain areas that are considered as obstacles or not of interest. For example, a skip link is usually provided to skip a header or sidebar. Since it provides movement within the page, it is also a child of the Intra concept.
This concept represents a white space that is usually used to separate items of a list or paragraphs.
The physical ordering of the components is meant to represent the logical ordering of the components.
Images with a special purpose conveying additional meaning.
Connecting (linking) objects based on the maintenance of the structure of the docuverse or can be defined as providing a form for the information space which allows users to develop an understanding of its scale and their location within the space. This kind of connection does not imply any semantic relationships between linked information.
Is used to maintain the structure of the document, but it does not provide any semantic relationship between the linked information.
These concepts are concerned with maintaining the structure of the docuverse either as a Collection, Node, Chunk or Atom of information. For example, the structures defined below (e.g., linear) can be used either to represent the complete structure of a site (Node structure in a Collection) or they could be an internal structure of a page (Chunk or Atom structure in a page).
A brief statement that represents the main points in a concise form.
An arbitrary sign that has acquired a conventional significance. On Web pages, a set of special characters are used for specific purposes. For example, ‘vertical bar’ is usually used to separate a link from others in a link menu.
The user has a specific goal or target. The activity is focused, structured and systematic
Is a tabular array. A set of data arranged in rows and columns.
A caption particularly used to describe or identify a table.
Outlines the content of a site or a page in a structured manner.
Components are ordered in a time based manner, the sequence of the items is important because of happening in a specific order in a time span.
An identifying name given to a Node (e.g., a Web page).
Is usually at the top and presents the title of the page. It usually runs across the full page and provides a kind of boundary at the top. This concept is also a child of the Banner concept.
A link that allows users to move to the text only version of that page. Since it provides a link to another page, it is a child of Inter concept as well.
A list of actions (or verbs) represented by icons.
Shows the purpose or intention of the traveller.
Represents the triangle symbol pointing left.
Represents the triangle symbol pointing right.
A Web page is identified by a URI. This concept is meant to represent the Uniform Resource Locator (URI) which is the main address of the page.
Is a collection of related items that have no special sequence or order (e.g., HTML UL tag).
Represents the “vertical bar�? character.
Provides links to different web sites in a well structured way (e.g., Google directory page).