(biochemicalAgentDelivery ?AGENT ?PROCESS) means that the Process ?PROCESS is capable of infecting an organism with the BiochemicalAgent ?AGENT when the organism is the experiencer and the ?AGENT the patient of an instance of ?PROCESS.
Relates a subclass of BiochemicalAgent to a DiseaseOrSyndrome that is caused by or often associated with the BiochemicalAgent.
(biologicalAgentCarrier ?AGENT ?ORGANISM) means that the subclass of Organism ?ORGANISM is a carrier of the subclass of BiologicalAgent ?AGENT.
(diseaseMortality ?DISEASE ?NUMBER) means that DiseaseOrSyndrome ?DISEASE has a Mortality rate of ?NUMBER.
(diseaseSymptom ?DISEASE ?SYMPTOM) means that DiseaseOrSyndrome ?DISEASE is often associated with the DiseaseOrSyndrome ?SYMPTOM, i.e. an Organism which suffers from ?DISEASE is more likely to suffer from ?SYMPTOM than one which does not.
(effectiveDose ?AGENT ?QUANTITY) means that ?QUANTITY is the effective dose, or ED50, for the BiochemicalAgent ?AGENT. This is the dose that would incapacitate 50% of the exposed human population. Note that ?QUANTITY is generally expressed in micrograms per kilogram (mcg/kg).
(lethalDose ?AGENT ?QUANTITY) means that ?QUANTITY is the lethal dose, or LD50, for the BiochemicalAgent ?AGENT. This is the dose that would result in death for 50% of the exposed human population. Note that ?QUANTITY is generally expressed in micrograms per kilogram (mcg/kg).
(secretesToxin ?ORGANISM ?TOXIN) means that the subclass of Organism ?ORGANISM produces the subclass of Toxin ?TOXIN.
A predicate that is used to specify a side effect of a substance used in a medical treatment. (sideEffect ?SUBSTANCE ?SYNDROME) means that the BiologicallyActiveSubstance ?SUBSTANCE has the side effect ?SYNDROME.
An extremely toxic protein found in the seeds of the rosary pea. Its mechanism, symptoms, and treatment are very similar to those of RicinToxin. However, AbrinToxin is roughly 75 times more toxic than RicinToxin.
A BiochemicalAgent that has been divided into particles so minute that they can be easily dispersed in the air and inhaled by Humans or Animals. AerosolizedAgents tend to be more lethal and to affect a larger area.
Also known as weaponized anthrax. These are spores of BacillusAnthracis that have been separated to the point that they can be dispersed in the air and easily inhaled by crowds.
Toxins produced by fungi of the strains Aspergillus Flavus and Aspergillus Parasiticus. There are four varieties of Aflatoxin, viz. B1, B2, G1, and G2. B1 is most common and most toxic.
A BiologicallyActiveSubstance than can kill instances of Bacterium.
A disease that attacks the immune system and that is caused by the HIVVirus. Patients are usually infected through blood or semen.
A very toxic form of arsenic that is 2 and a half times denser than air. Victims who die after exposure to Arsine generally die from renal failure.
Stockpiled for a time by both NATO and the Warsaw Pact countries, BZGas is a psychoactive agent that is heaver than air and reputedly ten times more powerful than LSD. Effects of the gas are not well understood, but they include vomiting, lethargy, loss of motor co-ordination, and cognitive incapacity.
The Bacterium which causes the disease Anthrax. Humans may become infected with Anthrax via contamination of a wound or by inhaling the Bacterium. When it is inhaled, the disease is often fatal if not treated early (see InhalationalAnthrax).
A Bacterium that is closely related to and often found near BacillusAnthracis, the Bacterium that causes Anthrax. BacillusCereus causes two forms of food poisoning, one characterized by diarrhea and the other by vomiting. In most cases the disease is not life-threatening.
BiologicalAgents that are instances of Bacterium.
A disease that is caused by instances of Bacterium.
A Toxin produced by some species of Frogs.
ViolentContests in which a BiochemicalWeapon is used against an Organism.
A WeaponOfMassDestruction that is either a BiologicalWeapon or a ChemicalWeapon, i.e. not a RadioactiveWeapon.
A naturally occurring Substance, a synthetic analogue of such a substance or an Organism that is capable of inflicting severe harm on other Organisms. All BiologicalWeapons contain a BiologicalAgent.
Weapons which contain a sample of ToxicOrganism or a BiologicallyActiveSubstance that is produced by a ToxicOrganism (or a synthetic analogue of the latter).
ChemicalAgents that affect eyes, lungs, and skin. BlisterAgents are so named because they cause blistering of the skin. They may also cause blindness and respiratory damage.
A CompoundSubstance that prevents the normal use of oxygen by bodily tissues. BloodAgents are highly volatile and disperse easily in the open air.
A Toxin produced by the bacterium ClostridiumBotulinum. It paralyzes muscles if ingested, and one billionth of a pound is sufficient to cause death.
The Bacterium which is responsible for the disease Brucellosis. This class covers Brucella Abortus (which infects humans and cattle), Brucella Melitensis (which infects sheep, goats, and humans), and Brucella Suis (which infects pigs).
The Bacterium that causes the disease Glanders. It is transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals. The bacteria enter the body through the skin and the mucosal surfaces of the eyes and nose.
Formerly known as Pseudomonas Pseudomallei, this is the Bacterium that causes Melioidosis.
Known as tear or pepper gas, often used by paramilitary and police to control unruly crowds, the gas can cause temporary blindness and tearing.
Synthetic compounds that are not an analogue of anything occurring naturally and that can result in serious burns, paralysis, and death to Organisms.
Weapons that damage or destroy Organisms by means of a ChemicalAgent.
Poisonous gas which has effects similar to tear gas. If ingested, the gas causes gastroenteritis.
ChemicalAgents designed to cause the lungs to fill with fluid, which can result in the victim choking to death. ChokingAgents are heavy gases that are less effective than other ChemicalAgents because they can be easily dissipated by a slight wind.
An OralAntibiotic that is often used to prevent complications from AquiredImmunoDeficiencySyndrome. Recommended for prevention of inhalational Anthrax in subjects who may have been exposed to aeresolized BacillusAnthracis.
The Bacterium that produces BotulinumToxin.
Bacterium often found in the intestines of Animals. Ingesting this Bacterium can result in Perfringens food poisoning, which can attack internal organs and lead to gangrene.
The Bacterium that causes the disease Tetanus.
A recently discovered Fungus that is related to CoccidioidesImmitis and that also causes RiftValleyFever.
A Fungus that causes RiftValleyFever, an illness whose symptoms include fever, chills, and coughing and which may result in death.
A class of neurotoxins that are produced by the Pacific cone snails. The lethality of these toxins varies widely, and it would be impractical to manufacture them on a large scale.
The Bacterium that secretes a Toxin that causes Diphtheria.
The Virus that causes CrimeanCongoHemorrhagicFever.
Used in mining and metalurgy, it is very similar to HydrogenCyanide. However, it is less volatile than HydrogenCyanide, and its effects on the eyes, respiratory tract, and lungs is similar to Phosgene and ChorineGas.
Integrating a WeaponOfMassDestruction with a conventional weapon, so that the former can be delivered to its target.
Any of four related but distinct virus serotypes that are carried by the Aedes Aegypti mosquito and that can cause DengueFever and DengueHemorrhagicFever.
Positioning a chemical, biological or radioactive weapon for the purpose of bringing about harm of some kind.
Making instances of WeaponOfMassDestruction.
A Micotoxin that is found in grains and products made from grains. Symptoms include diarrhea, necrotic lesions, and hemorrhaging.
A poisonous gas that irritates the lungs and that is similar to Phosgene.
Dismantling a Weapon of Mass Destruction, i.e. destroying the weapon or removing it from active deployment.
An OralAntibiotic that is used to treat a wide variety of BacterialDiseases, including traveler's diarrhea. Recommended for prevention of inhalational Anthrax in subjects who may have been exposed to aeresolized BacillusAnthracis.
The Virus that causes EasternEquineEncephalitis. Mosquitoes carry this virus, which is then transmitted to humans, when the insects bite them.
A Virus that causes a form of hemorrhagic fever.
A Toxin produced by the bacterium ClostridiumPerfringens that causes a mild form of food poisoning that lasts one to two days.
One of hundreds of strains of the Escherichia Coli Bacterium. This strain lives in the intestines of healthy cattle, but it can cause severe illness when ingested by humans.
A Virus that that is responsible for a hemorrhagic fever found in South America.
A Virus that is smaller than YellowFeverVirus.
The Bacterium that causes the disease Tularemia. Also known as Pasturella Tularensis. The Bacterium has two strains, Jellison type A (F. tularensis biovar tularensis) and type B strains (F tularensis biovar palaearctica), and it is infectious with a dose as small as 50 cells per milliliter.
Any BiologicalAgent that is also a Fungus.
Earliest sort of NerveAgent (developed in the 1930's). This subclass of NerveAgents tends to be less persistent, more volatile, and less toxic than VSeriesNerveAgents, which were developed later. GSeriesNerveAgents include Tabun, Sarin, and Soman.
The class of Organisms that are not found originally in nature, but are produced in a laboratory by manipulating the genes of naturally occurring organisms.
A Bacterium that causes Gastroenteritis. It is present in many streams and lakes, and it is carried by beavers and other animals.
The Virus that causes VenezuelanHemorrhagicFever.
The Virus that causes AquiredImmunoDeficiencySyndrome.
A severe syndrome that affects multiple organs of the body. Typically, the vascular system is damaged, and the body's ability to regulate itself is impaired.
A Virus found in Australia and Papua New Guinea that infects humans and horses. The natural host of the virus appears to be fruit bats. Not much is known about the disease caused by the HendraVirus, but it seems to begin with fever and then progress to drowsiness and coma.
A class of ViralDiseases that attack the liver.
A virus which is carried by Macaque monkeys and which does not harm these primates, but which causes the very serious HerpesB disease in humans.
A ChemicalAgent that was widely used by the Nazis in extermination camps. A low dose can cause headache, disorientation, and vomiting, while a high dose can rapidly result in respiratory and/or cardiac arrest.
ChemicalAgents that are designed to cause temporary disability in victims.
A contagious disease caused by a large number of Viruses.
The Virus that causes JapaneseEncephalitis. Mosquitoes in agricultural areas of Asia carry this virus, which is then transmitted to humans, when the insects bite them.
This Virus derives its name from the Junin area of Argentina, where occurrences have so far been restricted.
A cephalosporin for treating bacterial infections.
The Virus that carries KyasanurForestDisease.
The Virus that causes LaCrossEncephalitis. It is carried by the Aedes Triseriatus mosquito, as well as various woodlands rodents.
The Bacterium that causes Legionellosis, which is known as LegionnairesDisease (when it infects the lungs) and PontiacFever (when it doesn't affect the lungs).
Besides being a BlisterAgent, Lewisite causes systemic poisoning. Its symptoms include pulmonary edema, diarrhea, reduced body temperature and blood pressure. When large quantities of Lewisite are inhaled, it can cause death in as little as 10 minutes.
A BiochemicalAgent that has been observed to cause the death of Humans.
A DiseaseOrSyndrome that has been observed to cause the death of Humans.
The Virus that causes BolivianHemorrhagicFever.
Any of four strains of Plasmodium that are known to cause Malaria.
A Virus that is infectious to rabbits and may cause blindness and death in these Rodents.
A BlisterAgent that was commonly used in World War I to incapacitate troops. It is chemically stable, persistent, and is capable of attacking the eyes, the skin, and the respiratory tract. There is no accepted treatment or preventive measure for MustardGas.
A Toxin that is produced by a FungalAgent.
These ChemicalAgents are easily absorbed into the mucous membranes of humans and inactivate the essential enzyme acetylcholinesterase, bringing about paralysis of the respiratory and central nervous systems.
Closely related to HendraVirus. Like the HendraVirus, the natural host of NipahVirus appears to be fruit bats. Not much is known about the disease, but its symptoms include high fever, muscle pain, and eventually encephalitis, convulsions, and coma.
A kind of mustard gas. Also known as HN.
RadioactiveWeapons whose destructive power is achieved through nuclear energy.
Facilities where NuclearWeapons are built.
Research facilities that perform research on technology related to NuclearWeapons.
An Antibiotic that is administered orally, e.g. Penicillin.
An ingestible antibiotic which kills many kinds of bacteria.
A colorless, extremely toxic gas. It is regarded as the most dangerous of the ChemicalAgents. Deaths resulting from exposure to this ChemicalAgent generally occur in 24 to 48 hours.
One of the most painful and destructive chemical compounds in existence. Recovery from this ChemicalAgent requires one to three months.
One of four strains of Plasmodium that are known to cause Malaria. It can cause severe anemia and kidney failure or it can constrict small blood vessels and cause cerebral malaria.
A substance that has been shown to protect lower primates from the lethal effects of Soman. Although there is no proof that it does the same for humans, it was administered to soldiers in the Gulf War.
A WeaponOfMassDestruction which achieves its effect through radiactivity, either by an explosion resulting from nuclear fission or by a conventional explosive device that scatters radioactive debris.
Weapons which are designed to spread radioactive particles over a large area by means of a conventional exposive device rather than a nuclear reaction. These weapons are often referred to as 'dirty bombs'.
Conducting research on the development of Weapons of Mass Destruction.
An extremely toxic protein found in the castor bean plant (ricinus communis). It is 200 times more toxic than cyanide, and it has no known antidote, and it causes vomiting, high fever, weakness, and death.
The Bacterium that causes LouseBorneTyphus.
The Bacterium that causes RockyMountainSpottedFever.
BiologicalAgents that are rickettsial organisms, i.e. gram-negative bacteria that infect mammals and arthropods.
A ViralDisease that causes chills, bleeding, and stupor.
There are three types of Rotavirus: Group A, Group B, and Group C. They cause an acute form of gastroenteritis, known as RotavirusGastroenteritis.
The Virus that causes BrazilianHemorrhagicFever.
The Virus that causes SaintLouisEncephalitis. Mosquitoes carry this virus, which is then transmitted to humans, when the insects bite them.
Causes a less severe illness than SalmonellaTyphimurium.
A bacterium that can cause death in young, elderly or immunodeficient people. It appears in the stool of infected people.
Also known as GB, one of the G-series nerve agents.
A class of chemically related neurotoxins that are produced by marine dinoflagellates and carried by Mollusks.
A Bacterium that can cause death in infected Humans.
The Toxin produced by the Bacterium ShigellaDysenteriae.
Causes severe dysentery (even when as little as 100 bacteria are ingested). This form of dysentery results in death in 10-20 percent of infections.
Also known as GD, one of the G-series nerve agents.
A common cause of food poisoning. It has been studied as a BiologicalAgent, because it is stable, can be converted to aerosol form, and can be lethal when inhaled.
A bacterium that secretes StaphylococcalEnterotoxicB. It causes chills, headache, muscle pain, coughing (which may last for weeks), and sudden fever of up to 106 degrees (which may last for days). It occasionally causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Manufacturing a significant quantity of instances of a WeaponOfMassDestruction, i.e. the weapons are not produced at the scale of a single laboratory or a pilot program. These weapons may or may not be deployed (see DeployingWeaponOfMassDestruction).
The Bacterium that causes strep throat, scarlet fever, and necrotizing faciitis (flesh-eating bacteria).
A kind of mustard gas. Also known as Yperite and HD. This is regarded b some as the most effective BlisterAgent because it is persistent.
Also known as GA, one of the G-series nerve agents. It is about half as toxic as Sarin, but it is more irritating to the eyes than Sarin.
A Toxin produced by the pufferfish and several other (widely varying) species. The initial symptoms include numbness in the lips and tongue, which spreads throughout the body. The next phase of the poisoning is paralysis, which again spreads throughout the body.
Any of various forms of encephalitis that are carried by ticks. The diseases have three phases. The first consists of flu-like symptoms, the second is asymptomatic, and the third involves the central nervous system.
Any Virus whose host is a tick and which carries an instance of TickBorneEncephalitis.
An Antibiotic that is administered topically, e.g. Bacitracin.
The Class of Organisms which are poisonous to other Organisms.
BiologicalAgents that are a toxic BiologicallyActiveSubstance produced by an Organism or that are the synthetic analogue of a toxic BiologicallyActiveSubstance produced by an Organism.
A life-threatening disease that is caused by SalmonellaTyphi.
More advanced sort of NerveAgent (developed in the 1950's). This subclass of NerveAgents tends to be more persistent and toxic than GSeriesNerveAgents, which were developed earlier. VSeriesNerveAgents include VE, VG, VM, VS, and VX.
A disease for which there is an effective vaccine for Humans.
A Virus that causes Smallpox. Also known as the smallpox virus.
A Virus that causes Smallpox. Also known as Alastrim.
Also known as Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis. Caused by any one of eight distinct Viruses. Symptoms of the disease include severe headache, high fever (up to 105 degrees), sensitivity to light (photophobia), nausea, coughing, and diarrhea. The disease results in central nervous system infection in 1 of 25 children.
The Virus that causes VenezuelanEquineEncephalitis.
The Bacterium that is responsible for Cholera.
A disease that is caused by instances of Virus.
A highly lethal, weaponized form of BacillusAnthracis developed by the United States government.
Facilities where instances of WeaponOfMassDestruction are built.
Facilities where research on instances of WeaponOfMassDestruction is performed.
Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons. What these weapons have in common is that they are designed to kill large numbers of people indiscriminately.
A Virus that can result in chills, fever, stomach bleeding, and YellowSkin.
Causes a disease whose symptoms include diarrhea, fever, headache, skin ulcers, and post-infectious arthritis.
The disease has rarely been observed in humans, but it can cause severe damage to the liver, including cirrhosis and liver cancer, in a large number of animal species.
The disease caused by BacillusAnthracis. Victims of the disease may experience a brief, apparent recovery before death.
Symptoms of the disease are flu-like in the initial stages. As the disease progresses, symptoms include bleeding from the nose and gums and blood spots.
A paralytic disease caused by BotulinumToxin, a Toxin produced by the bacterium ClostridiumBotulinum.
Infectious disease caused by BrucellaBacterium. It is also known as undulant fever and malta fever, depending on the strain of BrucellaBacterium that is reponsible for the infection.
A diarrheal disease that is caused by a Toxin secreted by the Bacterium VibrioCholera. Death may result from severe dehydration caused by the disease. There is little if any fever and abdominal pain with this illness.
A widespread disease which was initially identified in the Crimea and the Congo, which accounts for its name. The disease has a high mortality rate for humans, but infection of humans occurs infrequently.
The less serious disease caused by the DengueFeverVirus. Symptoms include fever and severe headache.
The more serious disease caused by the and %DengueFeverVirus. Symptoms include bleeding from the nose, mouth, and gums, and excessive thirst and difficulty breathing.
The disease can infect almost any mucous membrane. It causes fever, chills, headache, and nausea. In severe cases it may affect heart rhythm and motor coordination.
In mile cases, symptoms are flu-like. In more severe cases, the disease may result in encephalitis, coma, and death.
A very serious HemorrhagicFever, which often results in death.
Having a body temperature which is (significantly) greater than 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. This syndrome is often associated with dehydration and chills.
Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. the stomach and small and large intestines. The symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
A disease caused by BurkholderiaMallei. Primary symptoms of Glanders include fever, muscle aches, chest pain, muscle tightness, and headache. Additional symptoms include tearing of the eyes, light sensitivity, and diarrhea. There is no vaccine for this disease.
A disease caused by the bacterium NeisseriaGonorrhoeae.
A disease that attacks the liver and causes jaundice as well as flu-like symptoms. There is no chronic infection with this disease, and anyone who has recovered from it will have life-time immunity to the disease.
Like other forms of hepatitis, HepatitisB attacks the liver of the victim. The disease may result in death from chronic liver disease.
Like other forms of hepatitis, HepatitisC attacks the liver of the victim. The disease often results in chronic infection and chronic liver disease, although the mortality rate of this disease is lower than that of HepatitisB. Most cases of HepatitisC are due to injections of illegal drugs.
Almost 100% fatal if left untreated for more than 24 hours.
Most people who are infected with this disease will suffer only mild symptoms. However, in severe cases, the disease attacks the central nervous system and may result in death.
A tick-borne encephalitis that is largely restricted to the Shimoga and Kanara district of Karnataka, India.
Encephalitis caused by the LaCrosseVirus. In its most severe cases, the disease may result in seizure and/or coma, but most infections are relatively mild.
A viral, rodent-carried disease found in West Africa. The symptoms of the disease are wide-ranging and can be life-threatening. The disease can lead to permanent neurological problems, including deafness.
The disease caused by the Bacterium Legionella.
The most severe form of Legionellosis. It is characterized by pneumonia.
The only rickettsial disease which is capable of causing widespread human epidemics. The initial symptoms of the disease are flu-like, but on the fifth or sixth day of infection a macular eruption appears on the upper trunk of the body and then spreads to the rest of the body.
A disease that destroys red blood cells. It is caused by a Microorganism (see MalarialPlasmodium) that is carried by the Anopheles Gambiae mosquito.
Extremely serious disease caused by the MarburgVirus. Symptoms include high fever, myalgias, vomiting, and diarrhea. Typically involves major organs, including the central nervous system.
Also known as Whitmore's disease, it is similar to Glanders. Unlike Glanders, however, the disease is found predominantly in Southeast Asia. The disease may be a localized infection or it may involve the bloodstream, the lungs or other organs of the body.
A viral disease that is very similar to Smallpox. It is seen sporadically in parts of Africa.
A BacterialDisease caused by StreptococcusA where the Bacterium rapidly attacks soft tissue.
The syndrome where some or all of an Animal's muscles cannot be moved voluntarily.
A very serious disease requiring immediate medical attention. There is no vaccine for this disease.
The BacterialDisease caused by BordetellaPertussis. Its symptoms include severe coughing (hence the colloquial name of whooping cough) and flu-like symptoms.
The disease caused by the Bacterium YersiniaPestis. Plague has two forms depending on the location of the infection within the body, BubonicPlague and PneumonicPlague.
A serious disease caused by ChlamydiaPsittaci that affects both birds and humans. In humans the symptoms include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and a dry cough. The disease may give rise to pneumonia in extreme cases.
A disease caused by the rickettsia CoxiellaBurnetii. Causes headache, chills, coughing, hallucinations, fever up to 104 degrees, facial pain, speech impairment, heart inflammation and congestive heart failure.
A very serious disease that is caused RickettsiaRickettsii, which is carried by ticks. The most distinctive symptom of the disease is a rash of black dots.
A disease caused by instances of Rotavirus, and characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.
In mild cases, symptoms are flu-like. In more severe cases, symptoms may include disorientation, coma, tremors, hemorrhage, and convulsions.
A serious disease that may arise if StrepThroat is left untreated.
A highly contagious and dangerous disease. It causes blood loss, cardiovascular collapse, secondary infections, skin pustules, and often leaves survivors scarred and blinded. Approximately 500 million people died from Smallpox in the nineteenth century. The disease can live on objects for several days, and it incubates for twelve days before showing symptoms.
A BacterialDisease whose symptoms include a very sore throat, difficulty swallowing, high fever, white spots and/or pus on or near the tonsils, and swollen lymph nodes. If left untreated, StrepThroat can progress to ScarletFever.
Also known as lockjaw, a BacterialDisease that affects the nervous system. A subject is infected with the disease by a puncture of the skin that becomes infected with the ClostridiumTetani bacterium. Symptoms of the disease include muscular stiffness (especially in the jaw and neck), difficulty swallowing, spasms, sweating, and fever.
A disease that usually infects the lungs and causes severe coughing. In some cases it will result in hemorrhage of the lungs.
A disease associated with fever, chills, coughing and Tularemia skin lesions (ulcers up to an inch wide).
A flu-like disease that is caused by the WestNileVirus. The disease is generally not life-threatening. However, it can be very serious if it progresses to West Nile Encephalitis, West Nile Meningitis or West Nile Meningoencephalitis, all of which are inflammations of the brain and/or spinal cord.
Is caused by liver failure, which results in an accumulation of bile. It is caused by YellowFeverVirus.
A variant of the Plague which results in large swellings, called buboes.
Also known as pulmonary plague, a variant of the Plague which attacks the lungs and is spread between humans by oral bodily fluids.
A flu-like illness which is caused by Legionella, but which does not involve pneumonia.