agent
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The voluntary initiator of an event. Example: [Eve] bit an apple.
sub property of: initiator
domain: Class
  union of: Action
  union of: Process
  union of: Transfer

aim
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The voluntary goal of an action. Example: The player tries [to hit the ball].
domain: Ambient
sub property of: goal

completion
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The goal of a temporal process. Example: Mary waited until [noon].
domain: Temporal
sub property of: goal

condition
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The necessary circumstance for an action. Example: In order to see the film [you must pay the entrance].
domain: Ambient
sub property of: essence

consequence
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The involuntary goal of an action. Example: The player missed [to hit the ball].
domain: Ambient
sub property of: goal

destination
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A goal of a spatial process. Example: Bob went to [Danbury].
domain: Spatial
sub property of: goal

duration
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A resource of a temporal process. Example: The truck was serviced for [5 hours].
domain: Temporal
sub property of: resource

effector
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The involuntary initiator of an event. Example: [The tree] produced new leaves.
domain: Action
sub property of: initiator

essence
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A participant that must be present at the end of the process, but not necessarily through it, and does not actively control what happens (Immanent/Product).
domain: Verb

experiencer
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An active animate goal of an experience. Example: [Yojo] sees the fish.
domain: Transfer
sub property of: goal

goal
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A participant that determines the direction of the process from the end (Determinant/Product).
domain: Verb

has communication
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: Communication
sub property of: creationModelProperty
inverse of: is communication of
domain: Class
  union of: Fixation
  union of: Performance

has derivation
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Work
range: Work
sub property of: creationModelProperty

has direct part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part

has fixation
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: Fixation
domain: Performance
sub property of: creationModelProperty

has improvisation
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: Improvisation
domain: Work
sub property of: creationModelProperty

has instance
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: Instance
sub property of: creationModelProperty
inverse of: is instance of
domain: Class
  union of: Fixation
  union of: Manifestation

has manifestation
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: Manifestation
domain: Work
sub property of: creationModelProperty
inverse of: is manifestation of

has part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
inverse of: isPartOf

has performance
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: Manifestation
range: Performance

initiator
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A participant that determines the direction of the process from the beginning (Determinant/Source).
domain: Verb

instrument
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A resource that is not changed by an event. Example: [The key] opened the door.
sub property of: resource
domain: Class
  union of: Action
  union of: Transfer

is communication of
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Communication
sub property of: creationModelProperty
range: Class
  union of: Fixation
  union of: Performance

is derivation of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Work
range: Work
sub property of: creationModelProperty
inverse of: has derivation

is direct part of directly
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has direct part
sub property of: isPartOf

is fixation of
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Fixation
range: Performance
sub property of: creationModelProperty
inverse of: has fixation

is improvisation of
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Improvisation
range: Work
sub property of: creationModelProperty
inverse of: has improvisation

is instance of
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Instance
sub property of: creationModelProperty
range: Class
  union of: Fixation
  union of: Manifestation

is manifestation of
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Manifestation
range: Work
sub property of: creationModelProperty

is performance of
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: Manifestation
domain: Performance
sub property of: creationModelProperty
inverse of: has performance

location
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An spatial essential participant. Example: Vehicles arrive at [a station].
domain: Spatial
sub property of: essence

manner
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The way an event develops. Example: The car moved [slowly].
domain: Ambient
sub property of: resource

matter
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A resource that is changed by the event. Example: The gun was carved out of [soap].
domain: Process
sub property of: resource

medium
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A physical resource for transmitting information, such as the sound of speech or the electromagnetic signals that transmit data. Example: Bill told Boris by [phone].
domain: Transfer
sub property of: resource

origin
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A passive determinant source. Example: The chapter begins on [page 20].
sub property of: initiator
domain: Class
  union of: Process
  union of: Spatial
  union of: Transfer

path
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A spatial resource. Example: The pizza was shipped via [Albany and Buffalo].
domain: Spatial
sub property of: resource

patient
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An essential participant that undergoes some structural change as a result of the event. Example: The cat swallowed [the canary].
sub property of: essence
domain: Class
  union of: Action
  union of: Process

time
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A temporal essential participant. Example: [At 5:25 PM], Erin left.
domain: Temporal
sub property of: essence

reason
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The initial cause of an event. Example: The airplane fell due to [a malfunction].
domain: Ambient
sub property of: initiator

recipient
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An animate goal of an event. Example: Sue sent the gift to [Bob].
sub property of: goal
domain: Class
  union of: Action
  union of: Process
  union of: Transfer

resource
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A participant that must be present at the beginning of the process, but not necessarily through it, and does not actively control what happens (Immanent/Source).
domain: Verb

result
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An inanimate goal of an event. Example: Eric built a [house].
sub property of: goal
domain: Class
  union of: Action
  union of: Process

start
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A determinant temporal source. Example: Bill waited from [noon] to three.
domain: Temporal
sub property of: initiator

theme
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An essential participant that may be moved, said, or experienced, but is not structurally changed. Example: Billy likes [the Beer].
sub property of: essence
domain: Class
  union of: Action
  union of: Process
  union of: Transfer

Access
type: Class
subclass of: Ambient
subclass of: Transfer
subclass of: Use
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: manner
  min cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: medium
  all values from: Interactive Medium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: duration
  max cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: Interactive Communication
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: medium
  max cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: start
  max cardinality: 1
comment: This is the action that consumes the communication of a MakeAvailable, i.e. an InteractiveCommunication. Consequently, it is an interactive action from the point of view of the consumer, who is able to determine the time line of the content. Usually, the content is consumed from its beginning and from the time point when the content is accessed. Moreover, the user is usually free to pause, resume, forward and rewind the content. However, all these issues are specific to the technological means used to make the content available, e.g. internet video on-demand streamers. It is important to note that this same features can be enjoyed with non-interactive communications but a recording system at the consumers place is then required.

Adapt
type: Class
subclass of: Adaptation Right
subclass of: Derive
comment: To Adapt is generally understood as the modification of a Work from one type of Work to another, for example adapting a novel so as to make a motion picture, or the modification of a Work so as to make it suitable for different conditions of exploitation, for example adapting an instructional textbook originally prepared for higher education into an instructional textbook intended for students at a lower level.

Adaptation Right
type: Class
subclass of: Transformation Right

Agreement
type: Class
subclass of: Ambient
comment: An event in which a written or unwritten accord is made between two or more parties.

Attend
type: Class
subclass of: Use
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: Performance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  cardinality: 1
comment: This is the action corresponding to the consumption of a Perform in a PublicPlace. The theme is a Performance which result from a Perform that is held in the same PublicPlace. Therefore, there is a time sharing between the Attend and the corresponding Perform.

Attribution Right
type: Class
subclass of: Moral Rights
comment: The right to claim authorship of the work.

Broadcast
type: Class
subclass of: Broadcasting Right
subclass of: Communicate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  all values from: Broadcasted Communication
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: medium
  all values from: Broadcast Medium
disjoint with: Make Available
comment: When a work is broadcasted, it is made available to a collective through a communication medium. There are two kinds of broadcasting depending on the communication medium. In the first one the medium is the air. A wireless signal is emitted into the air, which can be received by any person, within range of the signal, who possesses the equipment (radio or television receiver) necessary to convert the signal into sounds or sounds and images. In the second one the medium is a cable. A signal is diffused and only persons who possess the required equipment linked to the cables used to diffuse the signal can receive it.

Broadcast Medium
type: Class
subclass of: Communication Medium

Broadcasted Communication
type: Class
subclass of: Communication

Broadcasters Rights
type: Class
subclass of: Related Rights
comment: Broadcasters have exclusive Broadcasting, Fixation and Reproduction Rights over their broadcasts. Here broadcasting of a broadcast is understood as re-broadcasting. Re-broadcasting is either simultaneous transmission of a broadcast of a program being received from another source or a new deferred broadcast of a formerly recorded program transmitted or received earlier. These rights must be considered in addition to the rights of copyright owners when applicable.

Broadcasting Right
type: Class
subclass of: Communication Right

Collective
type: Class
comment: A collective of Persons. Defined or enumerated.

Communicate
type: Class
subclass of: Communication Right
subclass of: Transfer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: medium
  all values from: Communication Medium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  all values from: Communication
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: Class
    union of: Fixation
    union of: Performance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: medium
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: recipient
  all values from: Collective
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: origin
  max cardinality: 1
comment: This verb includes any communication to the public of the originals or copies of works, including wire or wireless means and "the making available to the public of works in a way that the members of the public may access the work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them". The quoted expression covers, in particular, on-demand interactive communication through the Internet. On the contrary to Perform, this action just covers all communication to the public not present at the place where the communication originates.

Communication
type: Class
subclass of: CreationProcess
comment: The transmission of a work among places at a given time. It is a process performed when the public is not present at the place and or time where the Communication originates. It includes broadcasts, i.e. one to many, but also communications from a place and at a time individually chosen. Examples: a radio broadcast of a sound recording of The Magic Flute or an Internet streaming of the film Les Misérables.

Communication Medium
type: Class
comment: The medium used for a Communicate.

Communication Right
type: Class
subclass of: Economic Rights
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: essence
  all values from: Class
    union of: Fixation
    union of: Performance
comment: It regulates the realisation of Communications of works, including wire or wireless means and those realised from a place and at a time individually selected. This right is concretised into Broadcasting Right, when the communication is massive, and Make Available Right, when the communication is individually chosen.

Copy
type: Class
subclass of: Reproduction Right
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: CreationObject
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  all values from: Instance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  cardinality: 1
comment: RULE: (∀c:Copy) ((∃!o:CreationObject)(∃!i:Instance) (theme(c,o)∧result(c,i)) → isInstanceOf(i,o))
comment: This action is formally known as Reproduce. However, it is commonly referred to as Copy. Copies have been traditionally the basic medium for Work commercialisation. They are produced from a Manifestation, from a Fixation of a Performance or from another Instance. The result is an Instance that is the item employed for the physical commercialisation of works, i.e. when a physical item is used as the vehicle to make the Work arrive to its consumers.

Copyright
type: Class
subclass of: Action
subclass of: Spatial
subclass of: Temporal
subclass of: Thing

CounterOffer
type: Class
subclass of: Ambient

Abstract
type: Class
subclass of: Creation
comment: Something that cannot exist at a paticular place and time without some physical encoding or embodiment. Also known as Mental Concept.

CreationProcess
type: Class
subclass of: Creation
comment: A creation that happens and has temporal parts or stages.

Derive
type: Class
subclass of: Ambient
subclass of: Transformation Right
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aim
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: Work
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  all values from: Manifestation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aim
  all values from: Work
comment: RULE: (∀v:Derive) ((∃mr:MoralRights)(∃er:EconomicRights) ((∀p:Person)(∀w:Work)(∀w':Work)(∀m:Manifestation)(∀t:Time) (w≠w')∧agent(v,p)∧theme(v,w)∧result(v,m)∧aim(v,w')∧pointInTime(v,t)∧location(v,l) → agent(mr,p)∧agent(er,p)∧essence(mr,w')∧essence(er,m)∧start(mr,t)∧start(er,t)∧ location(mr,l)∧location(er,l)∧isManifestationOf(m,w')∧isDerivationOf(w',w)))
comment: This correspond to the act changing a work protected by copyright in order to generate a new work. The resulting derivations are themselves works protected by copyright. Derive is thus also a rights generation action, i.e. it causes new rights to arise as a new Work and its first Manifestation are generated as results of the Derive action. The action is required to produce also the first Manifestation of the Work in order to have legal implications. If there is not a Manifestation, the derivation takes part just in the field of ideas, which are not regulated by copyright.

Dissemination Right
type: Class
subclass of: Moral Rights
comment: The right to disclose the work.

Distribute
type: Class
subclass of: Distribution Right
subclass of: Transfer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: recipient
  all values from: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: recipient
  min cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: Instance
comment: Once Instances of a Work have been produced, they are distributed to the public. Therefore, there is a recipient of the Instance. If the Distribute does not imply a permanent transfer of ownership on the Instance, i.e. on the material support but not on the underlying Work, there is also a duration case role. This is concretised in the Distribute specialisations.

DistributionContract
type: Class
subclass of: IPRAgreement

Distribution Right
type: Class
subclass of: Economic Rights
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: essence
  all values from: Instance
comment: It regulates actions geared to distribute previously made copies incorporated in tangible articles. The ownership of the corresponding physical support can be transferred permanently, i.e. the distribute act is a sale, or just temporally, i.e. a rent if there is a significant economic compensation or a loan if not.

Economic Rights
type: Class
subclass of: Copyright
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: essence
  all values from: Creation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: agent
  all values from: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: location
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: time
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: agent
  min cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: essence
  cardinality: 1
comment: The economic rights are related to the productive and commercial aspects of copyright.

Economic Transfer
type: Class
subclass of: Transfer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: agent
  all values from: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: recipient
  min cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: recipient
  all values from: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aim
  some values from: Verb
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  min cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: agent
  min cardinality: 1
comment: A Transfer of some economic value in exchange of something, the aim.

EditionContract
type: Class
subclass of: IPRAgreement

Education Right
type: Class
subclass of: Users Rights
comment: To illustrate for teaching and research, uses for reproduction and communication to the public in educational institutions, libraries and archives.

Fixation
type: Class
subclass of: CreationObject
comment: The materialisation of a performance in a tangible of digital object. International identification schemes for manifestations: ISRC (International Standard Recording Code) for audio and video recordings or ISAN (International Standard Audiovisual Number) for audiovisual works. Examples: a sound recording of The Magic Flute opera or any motion picture of Les Misérables.

Fixation Right
type: Class
subclass of: Economic Rights
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: essence
  all values from: Performance
comment: It regulates the materialisation of a Performance into an object that constitutes a Fixation. Common fixations are motion pictures and sound recordings, which are governed by the corresponding Sound Recording Right and Motion Picture Right.

Give
type: Class
subclass of: Distribute
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: duration
  cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: condition
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Economic Transfer
comment: The ownership of the corresponding physical support is transferred permanently, there is not a duration. Moreover, there is not an economic transfer condition as the ownership is transferred without any economic counterpart.

IPRAgreement
type: Class
subclass of: Agreement
comment: A situation in which an ipr is transferred by an agreement.

Importation Right
type: Class
subclass of: Distribution Right
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: origin
  cardinality: 1
comment: Some copyright laws include a right to control importation of copies as a means of preventing erosion of the principle of territoriality of copyright.

Improvisation
type: Class
subclass of: CreationProcess
comment: The expression in time of a work, which has not been previously materialised in a manifestation, before and audience. Performers or technical methods might be involved in the process. Examples: to play some improvised music in a concert.

Improvise
type: Class
subclass of: Action
subclass of: Spatial
subclass of: Temporal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: time
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: agent
  min cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: location
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: Work
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  all values from: Performance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: agent
  all values from: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  cardinality: 1
comment: This action directly generates a performance from a work, without a previous manifestation.

Information Right
type: Class
subclass of: Users Rights
comment: News incorporating other news and news incorporating other works.

Instance
type: Class
subclass of: CreationObject
comment: A copy of a creation object produced for commersialisation, a product. International identification schemes for manifestations: EAN13 (European Article Number) or UPC (Universal Product Code). Examples: a CD of The Magic Flute or a DVD of Les Misérables.

Integrity Right
type: Class
subclass of: Moral Rights
comment: The right to object to any distortion, mutilation or other modification of, or other derogatory action in relation to, the work which would be prejudicial to the author's honour or reputation.

Interactive Communication
type: Class
subclass of: Communication

Interactive Medium
type: Class
subclass of: Communication Medium

Legal Person
type: Class
subclass of: Person

Lend
type: Class
subclass of: Distribute
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: condition
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Economic Transfer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: duration
  cardinality: 1
comment: Distribute temporarily without a significant economic value exchange. There is a duration but there is not an economic transfer condition.

Live Communicate
type: Class
subclass of: Communicate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: Performance
disjoint with: Recording Communicate
comment: A Communicate of a Performance.

Live Communication
type: Class
subclass of: Communication
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is communication of
  all values from: Performance
disjoint with: Recorded Communication

Make Available
type: Class
subclass of: Communicate
subclass of: Making Available Right
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  all values from: Interactive Communication
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: medium
  all values from: Interactive Medium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: Fixation
comment: Traditionally communication actions related to the communication right were quite passive from the point of view of the communication consumer. The communicator decided when a concrete work was broadcasted and the consumers had just to the option to get or not access to the communication medium in order to consume the content. Consumers did not have any alternative to time-shift content consumption without the intervention of recording mediums. However, communication mediums that allow user interaction have appeared, among which the Internet is the more important one nowadays. The consequence is a particular kind of communication where members of the public access works from a place and at a time individually chosen by them. This kind of communication is called to MakeAvailable in the copyright context.

Making Available Right
type: Class
subclass of: Communication Right

Manifest
type: Class
subclass of: Action
subclass of: Spatial
subclass of: Temporal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: agent
  min cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  all values from: Manifestation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: agent
  all values from: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: location
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: time
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: Work
comment: If this action brings into existence the first manifestation of a work, the manifest event implies that the creator becomes the holder of all the copyright rights on the creation. All this is modelled by the Manifest-Rule. In order to check that this is the first manifestation of the work, the rule tests if there is not a statement asserting that there is a manifestation of the work yet. RULE: (∀v:Manifest) ((∃mr:MoralRights)(∃er:EconomicRights) ((∀p:Person)(∀m':Manifestation)(∀w:Work)(∀m:Manifestation)(∀t:Time) (¬isManifestationOf(m',w)∧agent(v,p)∧theme(v,w)∧result(v,m)∧ pointInTime(v,t)∧location(v,l) → agent(mr,p)∧agent(er,p)∧essence(mr,w)∧essence(er,m)∧ start(mr,t)∧start(er,t)∧location(mr,l)∧location(er,l)∧isManifestationOf(m,w)))
comment: One or more authors generate a manifestation from a work at a given place (at least the country for copyright jurisdiction) and time (from legal point of view). In the case of employed authors and works made for hire, the employer, and not the employee, is legally considered the author of the work and becomes the rights holder. Multiple creators are also allowed in order to cope with works realised in collaboration.

Manifestation
type: Class
subclass of: CreationObject
comment: The materialisation of a Work in a concrete medium, i.e. a tangible or digital object. International identification schemes for manifestations: ISBN (International Standard Book Number) for books or ISMN (International Standard Music Number) for printed music. Examples: the printed scores of The Magic Flute or the editions of Les Misérables.

Moral Rights
type: Class
subclass of: Copyright
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: essence
  all values from: Work
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: time
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: agent
  min cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: location
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: agent
  all values from: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: essence
  cardinality: 1
comment: Moral rights are always held by the creator and cannot be commercially exploited. They are not present in all legal systems. However, WIPO treaties are promoting some of them in order to improve worldwide copyright law harmonisation.

Motion Picture
type: Class
subclass of: Fixation

Motion Picture Right
type: Class
subclass of: Fixation Right
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  all values from: Motion Picture

Natural Person
type: Class
subclass of: Person

Offer
type: Class
subclass of: Ambient
comment: An event in which a party makes known the terms on which an agreement may be made.

Official Act Right
type: Class
subclass of: Users Rights
comment: To use for certain administrative, judicial or security proceedings and religious or official ceremonies.

Parody Right
type: Class
subclass of: Users Rights
comment: To use for parody and caricature.

Perform
type: Class
subclass of: Public Performance Right
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: time
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  all values from: Performance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: location
  all values from: Public Place
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: Manifestation
comment: RULE: (∀p:Perform) ((∃!m:Manifestation)(∃!pe:Performance) (theme(p,m)∧result(p,pe)) → isPerformanceOf(pe,m))
comment: This corresponds to the action of public performance. To perform a work means to recite, render, play, dance, or act it, either directly or by means of any device or process or, in the case of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, to show its images in any sequence or to make the sounds accompanying it audible. It is important to note that the performance is considered public when it takes place at a place open to the public or at any place where a substantial number of persons outside of a normal circle of a family and its social acquaintances is involved. Therefore, it will not be considered public when it is performed in a strictly domestic domain.

Performance
type: Class
subclass of: CreationProcess
comment: The expression in time of a manifestation of a work before and audience. Performers or technical methods might be involved in the process. Examples: the scenic play of The Magic Flute opera or a screen play of any of Les Misérables films.

Performers Rights
type: Class
subclass of: Related Rights
comment: Performers have exclusive Fixation, Communication, Reproduction, Public Performance and Distribution Rights over their performances. These rights, when the performance is of a copyrighted work, will be in addition to the rights of copyright owners with respect to the performance and subsequent exploitation of the performance.

Person
type: Class

Private Copy Right
type: Class
subclass of: Users Rights
comment: To reproduce a work exclusively for the personal and private use of the person who makes the reproduction, e.g. a backup.

Process
type: Class
subclass of: Verb

Producers Rights
type: Class
subclass of: Related Rights
comment: Producers have exclusive Reproduction Right over their fixations and exclusive Distribution Right over the resulting copies. As before, these rights will be in addition to the rights of copyright owners.

ProductionContract
type: Class
subclass of: IPRAgreement

Public Performance Right
type: Class
subclass of: Economic Rights
comment: It regulates Performances of works when they are made in public, i.e. before an audience.

Public Place
type: Class
comment: A place that is public.

Quotation Right
type: Class
subclass of: Users Rights
comment: The making of quotations from a protected work, provided that the source is mentioned and that the extent of the quotation is compatible with fair practice.

Record
type: Class
subclass of: Fixation Right
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  all values from: Fixation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: Performance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  cardinality: 1
comment: Generically, a work is considered fixed when it is stored on some medium in which it can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated. For example, a song is considered fixed when it is written down on paper. The paper is the medium on which the song can be perceived, reproduced and communicated. It is not necessary that the medium be such that a human can perceive the work, as long as the work can be perceived by a machine. Thus, the song is also fixed the moment the author records it onto a cassette tape. Similarly, a computer program is fixed when stored on a computer hard drive. From the legal point of view, the fixations that are governed are those that store performances of works. The more important kinds of fixations are sound recordings and motion pictures. The theme of a Record is a Performance but it is not necessarily a public performance. For instance, it can be a studio performance, which is governed by copyright because this fixation is intended for commercial exploitation.
comment: RULE: (∀r:Record) ((∃!p:Performance)(∃!f:Fixation) (theme(r,p)∧result(r,f)) → isFixationOf(f,p))

Recorded Communication
type: Class
subclass of: Communication
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is communication of
  all values from: Fixation

Recording Communicate
type: Class
subclass of: Communicate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: Fixation
comment: A Communicate of a previous recording.

Related Rights
type: Class
subclass of: Copyright
comment: There are the rights of other persons also involved in the exploitation of works. Performers, producers and broadcasters make a significant contribution in order to make works reach end-users. Their contribution is also protected by some rights related to copyright, the Related Rights or Neighbouring Rights.

Rent
type: Class
subclass of: Distribute
subclass of: Rental Right
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: duration
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: condition
  some values from: Economic Transfer
comment: Distribute temporarily with a significant economic value exchange. There is a duration and some economic transfer condition.

Rental Right
type: Class
subclass of: Distribution Right

Reproduction Right
type: Class
subclass of: Economic Rights
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: essence
  all values from: CreationObject
comment: It regulates actions that produce replicas of a given object, i.e. Instances. Examples of reproduction are the mass production of CD copies from an audio recording master, to scan a book in order to produce a digitalisation of it or to download a digital file into the local hard disk.

Sell
type: Class
subclass of: Distribute
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: condition
  some values from: Economic Transfer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: duration
  cardinality: 0
comment: RULE: The right of distribution is usually subject to exhaustion upon first sale or other transfer of ownership of a particular copy. This means that, there are are not Distribute actions that have a previously distributed Instance as theme. (∀v:Sell)(∀i:Instance)(theme(v,i) → ¬(∃v':Sell)(theme(v',i)∧v≠v'))
comment: The ownership of the corresponding physical support is transferred permanently, there is not a duration. However, there is a condition, an economic transfer on exchange of which the ownership is transferred.

Sound Recording
type: Class
subclass of: Fixation

Sound Recording Right
type: Class
subclass of: Fixation Right
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: result
  all values from: Sound Recording

Temporary Reproduction Right
type: Class
subclass of: Users Rights
comment: To produce ephemeral reproductions required in order to facilitate some technological processes geared towards work usage, e.g. internet caches.

Transformation Right
type: Class
subclass of: Economic Rights
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: essence
  all values from: Work
comment: It regulates actions that generate new works from previously existing ones. The results of this kind of actions are considered new works, and not mere reproductions, because they contribute something new, i.e. they are original as detailed in the Originality section. This right is concretised into the Adaptation Right and the Translation Right. The former creates a new work of a different type than the original one, e.g. a film from a novel. The latter generates a work of the same type but in a different language.

Translate
type: Class
subclass of: Derive
subclass of: Translation Right
comment: To express a work in a language other than that of the original version. Therefore, it is possible to just chain the language characteristic from the original Work to the new one.

Translation Right
type: Class
subclass of: Transformation Right

Tune
type: Class
subclass of: Ambient
subclass of: Transfer
subclass of: Use
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: manner
  min cardinality: 0
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  all values from: Broadcasted Communication
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: theme
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: duration
  max cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: medium
  all values from: Broadcast Medium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: medium
  max cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: start
  max cardinality: 1
comment: This is the action that consumes the communication of a Broadcast. Consequently, it is a non-interactive action from the point of view of the consumer. The user just tunes the medium where the content is broadcasted from an appropriate location.

Use
type: Class
subclass of: Action
subclass of: Spatial
subclass of: Temporal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: time
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: agent
  min cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: agent
  all values from: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: location
  cardinality: 1

Users Rights
type: Class
subclass of: Copyright
comment: End-users have some special permissions that grant them the possibility to perform some actions otherwise forbidden by copyright, although this does not mean that the user must pay a compensation if they are exercises, e.g. levies on digital recording equipment and media. These exceptions to copyright should be considered as end-user privileges and not rights. However, some of them are referred to as rights, e.g. the right to quote. Moreover, they are modelled as rights in this conceptualisation in order to build a more homogeneous model.

Withdrawal Right
type: Class
subclass of: Moral Rights
comment: The right to withdraw the work.

Work
type: Class
subclass of: Abstract
comment: The socially shared concept that captures the characteristics that allow the identification of the original creation among all its manifestations. International identification schemes for works: ISTC (International Standard Text Code) for textual works, ISSN (International Standard Serial Number) for serial publications or ISWC (International Standard Musical Work Code) for musical and literary works. Examples: Mozart's The Magic Flute or Victor Hugo's Les Misérables.