part_of
derives_from
descends
develops_from
endStage
hasMapping
has_part
isReferenceForMapping
startStage
subEventOf
type
single-cell tissue
Anatomical structure composed of a single cell.
lumen of tube
tube lumen
The inner space within a tube.
lumen of epithelial sac
cavity of vesicle
A small cavity bounded by an epithelium.
foramen
A hole in a tissue.
matrix-based tissue
A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix which may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified.
bone
Ossified structure that is predominantly extracellular matrix and forms part of the support system of the body.
endochondral bone
Bone that is preformed in cartilage.
membrane bone
Bone that forms directly from mesenchyme.
sesamoid bone
An endochondral bone that forms within tendenous or ligamentous matrix.
cartilage
Dense connective tissue made primarily of type II collagen.
ligament
A strap of predominantly extracellular matrix connecting two bones.
tendon
A strap of predominantly extracellular matrix connecting a muscle to a bone.
aponeurosis
A sheet of extracellular matrix.
non-connected functional system
An anatomical group whose component structures share a common function.
sense organ
Multicellular anatomical structure with largely bona fide boundary that transduces some sensory stimulus to the nervous system.
fluid-based anatomical entity
Fluid anatomical entity containing cells.
gland
A multi-tissue structure that produces a secretion for use elsewhere in the body.
ducted gland
exocrine gland.
A gland that releases its secretion through a duct.
ductless gland
A gland that releases its secretion directly into the bloodstream, or equivalent for an invertebrate.
endocrine gland.
keratin-based structure
Acellular anatomical structure whose predominant constituent is keratin.
chitin-based structure
Acellular anatomical structure whose predominant constituent is chitin.
body
The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs.
head
The region of the body containing the brain and mouth.
neck
The region of the body connecting the head and the body.
tail
An external caudal extension of the body.
mesothelium
Epithelium derived from mesenchyme.
epithelial tube
An epithelial structure capable of allowing fluid flow.
epithelial sac
An epithelial pouch with a single opening.
arborising epithelial duct system
A group of connected epithelial tubes with a single portal.
epithelial plexus
A network of interlinking epithelial tubes.
epithelial vesicle
A closed epithelium with a lumen.
muscle tissue
A tissue composed of myoblasts or muscle cells.
neural tissue
Tissue composed predominantly of neurons.
developing anatomical structure
A structure whose morphology or state of differentiation will change during normal development.
larva
A post-embryonic juvenile form which will undergo metamorphosis to become the adult.
apoptosing developing anatomical entity
An embryonic anatomical structure undergoing apoptosis.
functioning and developing structure
An embryonic entity that displays a physiological function but whose strucuture is not yet fully formed.
developing structure with stem cells
Embronic structure that contains stem cellsr that may contribute to its future development or maintenance or to its future development or maintenance of another tissue.
transitional anatomical structure
An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development.
ganglion
A group of neurons, usually outside the CNS, which relay neuronal signals.
neuronal nucleus
A localised domain of predominantly neuronal tissue in the central nervous system.
nerve
A group of neurons that provides a nervous supply.
nerve plexus
A complex of interconnecting nerves.
nerve fiber tract
A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections, largely or completely lacking synapses.
neuron projection bundle
striated muscle tissue
A tissue composed of striated muscle cells.
smooth muscle tissue
A tissue composed of smooth muscle cells.
cardiac muscle tissue
A tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells.
smooth muscle sphincter
A ring of smooth muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring.
striated muscle sphincter
A ring of striated muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring.
mesenchymal tissue
A group of not-yet-terminally-differentiatied cells that can pack in three dimensions.
dense mesenchyme tissue
Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix.
cartilagenous condensation
Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes.
developing mesenchymal condensation
A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme.
pre-muscle condensation
A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become myoblasts.
pre-cartilage condensation
A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become chondroblasts.
loose mesenchyme tissue
Mesenchyme whose cells are embedded in obvious amounts fo extracellular matrix.
migrating mesenchyme population
Mesenchymal cells that are migrating.
mesenchymal tissue with stem cells
Multi-tissue mesenchymal structure one of whose parts contains stem cells that can replace other parts.
organism surfacef
The collection of structures that form the exxtenal covering of the organism.
groove
A furrow or an incomplete tube.
ridge
A raised strip of tissue.
skeletal system
The rigid support system for the body.
embryo
That part of the conceptus that will form the organism.
anlage
Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue.
primordium
Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue.
limb
Appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.
surface sense organ
Multicellular anatomical structure with largely bona fide boundary that extends outwards from or is part of the organism surface and transduces some sensory stimulus to the nervous system.
gender-specific anatomical structure
A part of the body present only in a specific gender.
male anatomical structure
A part of the body present only in males.
female anatomical structure
A part of the body present only in females.
hermaphrodite anatomical structure
A part of the body present only in hermaphrodites.
fibrous joint
A flexible joint between two bones that is made of unossified connective tissue.
joint-associated cartilage
The articular cartilage covering of the region of bone within a synoval joint.
non-joint-associated cartilage
Cartilage that may provide the template for an endochondral bone or that may be a disinct entity in the skeleton.
synovial membrane
The epithelial membrane between bone ends that forms the lateral borders of the synovial cavity and secretes synovial fluid.
synovial joint
A joint connecting two or more bones with cartilage at the bone ends and a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid conecting the bones and sealing the synovial cavity.
exoskeletal tissue
A component of the exoskeleton.
body cavity
The cavity within the body that contains the visceral organs.
multi-tissue structure with stem cells
Multi-tissue structure one of whose parts contains stem cells that can replace other parts.
acellular fluid anatomical entity
An acellular fluid portion of organism substance that is produced by the organism for some non-waste purpose.
epithelial tissue with stem cells
Multi-tissue epithelial structure one of whose parts contains stem cells that can replace other parts.
anatomical surface feature
Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.
anatomical surface.
appendage
Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified]. An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs.
conceptus
All the products of the fertilized egg.
extraembryonic component
The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism.
larval anatomical structure
An anatomical structure present in the larval form of an animal.
antenna
A head-associated surface sense organ.
mucous membrane
mucosa
A membranous structure with more than one cell type, one or more of which secretes mucus, that lines body passages which communicate with the exterior.
fat tissue
Tissue that is predominantly made of fat cells.
regenerating anatomical structure
An anatomical structure that, as part of its normal physiology, undergoes regeneration. Examples include endometrium and antlers.
afferent nerve
A group of neurons that provides a nervous response from a tissue.
efferent nerve
A group of neurons that provides a nervous signal to a tissue.
syncytium
An anatomical entity consisting of a single or a few multinucleated structures.
pit
An roughly circular indentation in a surface.
protuberance
A roughly circular bulge in a surface.
migrating epithelium
An epithelium that extends its surface area by peripheral movement.
blood vessel
An epithelial tube that transports blood.
artery
An epithelial tube that transports blood away from the heart.
vein
An epithelial tube that transports blood towards the heart.
row
Anatomical group whose component structures are arranged in a row.
non-connected developing functional system
The sum of all the anlagen and primordia that will develop into a single functional system.
sclerotome
The mesenchymal derivative of a somite that will migrate to surround the neural tube and form vertebrae.
bone condensation
A delimited region of osteoblasts representing the early stages of bone formation.
dermomyotome
The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome.
open cavity
A volume that is mainly bounded but has an opening to another cavity or to the outside.
epithelial cord
A cord of epithelial cells without a lumen and usually several cells thick.
migrating developing tissue
A simple coherent tissue or a localized population of similar cells that are actively migrating.
developing epithelial placode
A domain of columnar epithelium in an embryo that represents the early stage of the development of the epithelial component of a new anatomical structure.
vascular plexus
A network of interlinked veins.
tooth
Each of a set of hard, bony enamel-coated structures in the jaws of most vertebrates, used for biting and chewing.
open anatomical space
An anatomical space with at least one opening to another space or the exterior.
enclosed anatomical space
An anatomical space with no opening to another space or to the exterior.
sensory ganglion
A ganglion containing sensory neurons.
autonomic ganglion
A ganglion that is part of the autonomic nervous system.
capillary bed
A localized group of blood capillaries.
acellular extracellular matrix
An acellular structure typically composed of collagen, glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans.
fin
A flattened appendage on a marine animal.
secretion
A non-cellular substance released by a cell, gland or tissue.
excreta
Excreta are bodily fluids consisting of waste matter, such as sweat or feces, discharged from the body.
developing epithelium
An epithelium within an embryo or larva that is undergoing a major developmental change.
neuroepithelium
An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system.
proliferating neuroepithelium
An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells.
differentiating neuroepithelium
A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells.
neuronal white matter
Neuronal tissue composed predominantly of axons.
neuronal grey matter
A neuronal tissue composed predominantly of nerve bodies and neuronal support cells.
neuronal column
An extended columnar domain of predominantly neuronal tissue in the central nervous system.
differentiating neuronal condensation
A compact group of cells differentiating to become a ganglion or a neuronal nucleus.
somite
An epithelial ball that forms from paraxial mesoderm.
developing mesenchymal structure
A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure.
dermatome
A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells.
myotome
A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells.
developing germ cell population
A germ cell population that has not undergone meiosis.
reproductive cell population
A population of cells that are predominantly immature or mature germ cells.
stem cell population
A group of cells capable of regenerating themselves and also of producing one or more populations of differentiated cells.
anatomical entity
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
anatomical structure
Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
non-tissue substance
portion of organism substance
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
anatomical space
Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
material anatomical entity
Anatomical entity that has mass.
immaterial anatomical entity
Anatomical entity that has no mass.
anatomical line
Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface.
anatomical point
Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface.
anatomical surface
anatomical system
Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.
multi-cellular organism
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
cell
Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
cell component
Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell.
compound organ component
Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ.
simple organ
Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ.
compound organ
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
male organism
Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.
female organism
Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.
hermaphroditic organism
Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes.
dioecious organism
organism subdivision
Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism.
acellular anatomical structure
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
anatomical cluster
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. Anatomical structure, which has as its parts a heterogeneous collection of organs, organ parts, cells or body part subdivisions that are adjacent to, or continuous with one another; does not constitute an organ, organ system or organ system subdivision, or body part or body part subdivision.
extraembryonic structure
Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
simple tissue
Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships.
portion of tissue.
sequential hermaphroditic organism
Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex.
consecutive hermaphroditic organism
synchronous hermaphroditic organism
serially hermaphroditic organism
Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time.
gonochoristic organism
monoecious organism
Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes.
protandrous hermaphroditic organism
Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the male sex, and then later of the female sex.
protogynous hermaphroditic organism
Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the female sex, and then later of the male sex.
anatomical group
Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
multi-tissue structure
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.
cell space
Anatomical space that is part of a cell.
asexual organism
Multi-cellular organism that does not produce gametes.
single cell organism
Cell that is an individual member of a species.
basal lamina
Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue.
epithelium
Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina.
simple cuboidal epithelium
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
columnar epithelium
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.
multilaminar epithelium
Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.
simple squamous epithelium
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.
atypical epithelium
Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers.
cavitated compound organ
Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
unilaminar epithelium
Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.
solid compound organ
Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces.
epithelial cell
Cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity.
cell in vivo
cell by class
male germ cell
A germline cell that contributes to the development of the oocyte by transferring cytoplasm directly to oocyte.
nurse cell
female germ cell
Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production.
neuron neural crest derived
neuroblast
stem cell
A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
germ line cell
Originally this term had some plant germ line cell children
A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring.
non-terminally differentiated cell
blast cell
A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates.
fibroblast
A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped.
chondroblast
An immature cartilage-producing cell found in growing cartilage.
chrondoplast
osteoblast
A bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.
cell by histology
A classification of cells by their microscopic appearance.
A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina.
Epitheliocyte
duct epithelial cell
blood vessel endothelial cell
Cuboidal endothelial cell of vascular tree
An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature.
columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell
squamous epithelial cell
stratified epithelial cell
circulating cell
A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium.
blood cell
A cell found predominately in the blood.
neuron associated cell
interneuron
Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions.
sensory neuron
Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.
autonomic neuron
A neruon whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion.
glial cell
A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons.
neuroglial cell
neuroglia
macroglial cell
Macrogliocyte
A neuroglial cell of ectodermal origin, i.e., the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes considered together.
astrocyte
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from 'star' cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with 'end feet' which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and 'reactive astrocytes' (along with microglia) respond to injury.
astrocytic glia
oligodendrocyte
oligodendroglia
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system.
microglial cell
microglia
MF.microglia.CNS
microgliocyte
A central nervous system macrophage found in the parenchyma of the central nervous system. Marker include CD11b-positive, F4/80-positive, and CD68-positive.
brain-resident macrophage
brain macrophage
hortega cells
mesenchymal cell
mesenchymal stem cell
mesenchymal stromal cell
BMSC
bone marrow stromal cells
Stem Cells, Mesenchymal
mesenchymal stromal cells
CFU-F
MSC
colony-forming unit-fibroblast
mesenchymal progenitor cells
mesenchymal precursor cell
marrow stromal cells
A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. This cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs.
fat cell
adipocyte
adipose cell
A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides.
chondrocyte
cartilage cell
Polymorphic cell that form cartilage.
cell by function
A classification of cells by their primary end goal or behavior.
secretory cell
A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances.
neuroendocrine cell
neurosecretory cell
An endocrine cell that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones in response to neuronal signals.
muscle cell
myocyte
A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns.
skeletal muscle cell
A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.
smooth muscle cell
SMCs
non-striated muscle cell
A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast).
myocytes, smooth muscle
smooth muscle fiber
flight muscle cell
electrically active cell
A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal.
cell by nuclear number
A classification of cells by the number of their nuclei.
multinucleate cell
A cell with more than one nucleus.
syncitium
syncytial cell
glial cell (sensu Vertebrata)
A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.
extracellular matrix secreting cell
mesenchyme condensation cell
A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors.
electrically responsive cell
A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal.
cell by ploidy
A classification of cells by the number of haploid genome equivalents of their nucleus or nuclei.
obliquely striated muscle cell
apoptosis fated cell
neuroglioblast
stromal cell
A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.
syncytiotrophoblast cell
plasmidotrophoblast
A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo. It It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy.
syntrophoblast
syncytial trophoblast
afferent neuron
A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery.
input neuron
efferent neuron
output neuron
A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.
neuron
The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
nerve cell
germ cell
The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms.
cuticle secreting cell
An epithelial cell that secretes cuticle.
collagen secreting cell
An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen.
primordial germ cell
A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells.
Gonocyte
Primitive germ cell
muscle precursor cell
striated muscle cell
Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres.
cardiac muscle cell
cardiocyte
cardiac myocyte
cardiomyocyte
heart muscle cell
A myocyte located in the heart. The contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei.
hematopoietic cell
hemopoietic cell
haematopoietic cell
A cell of a hematopoietic lineage.
haemopoietic cell
nucleate cell
A cell containing at least one nucleus.
neural cell
A cell that is part of the nervous system.
connective tissue cell
A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone.
somatic cell
A cell of an organism that does not pass on its genetic material to the organism's offspring (i.e. a non-germ line cell).
myotube
A myotube is a multinucleated cells that is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
skeletal muscle fiber
single cell sarcomere
myotubule
Schwann cell
A glial cell that ensheathes axons of neuron in the peripheral nervous system and are necessary for their maintainance and function.