part_of
amphibanat
develops_from
amphibanat
adipose_tissue
amphibanat
Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
alary_cartilage
amphibanat
second upper labial
processus alaris
naseflngelknorpel
Paired, cup-shaped cartilage that are dorsal to the septomaxillae and anterior to the oblique cartilage. The anterior, convex face of each alary cartilage is synchondrotically fused to the superior prenasal cartilage and the ventral edge is fused to the superior margin of the crista intermedia.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
alinasal cartilage
cartilago alaris
cartilago alaris nasi
cartilago cupullaris
copula anterior
alary_process_of_premaxilla
amphibanat
pars frontalis of premaxilla
pars facialis of premaxilla
pars dorsalis of premaxilla
dorsal process of premaxilla
processus frontalis of premaxilla
processus ascendens of premaxilla
processus nasalis of premaxilla
pars prenasalis of premaxilla
premaxillary spine
Dorsal process that extends toward the nasal bone. The posterior (inner) face of each alary process is concave and is invested dorsomedially by the superior prenasal cartilage and ventromedially by the inferior prenasal cartilage.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
alveolar_foramen
amphibanat
inferior dental foramen
Foramen for the R. alveolaris of Nerve VII and the alveolar artery.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
anatomical_system
amphibanat
angular
amphibanat
postoperculare
praearticulare
angulosplenial_coronoid_process
amphibanat
Point of insertion of the adductor mandibulae musculature.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
animal_tissue
amphibanat
anterior_maxillary_process
amphibanat
Process that extends anteriorly from the planum triangulare and invests the medial face of the pars facialis of the maxilla.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
anterior_nasal_wall
amphibanat
Paired, vertical, and relatively straight plates that form the anterior limit of the nasal capsule.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
prenasal wall
solum anterius
anterior_process_of_pars_palatina_of_maxilla
amphibanat
anterior_ramus_of_pterygoid
amphibanat
In a triradiate pterygoid, the process that extends anteriorly towards the maxilla.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
ramus maxillaris of pterygoid
anterolateral_process_of_frontoparietal
amphibanat
antorbital_process
amphibanat
apertura_nasalis_externa
amphibanat
external naris
external nostril
nostril
Hole on the nasal capsule that connects the nasal cavity with the exterior.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
apertura_nasalis_interna
amphibanat
internal naris
Choana
internal nostril
Hole on the nasal capsule that connects the nasal and buccal cavites.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
areolar_connective_tissue
amphibanat
Also known as loose connective tissue. A pliable, mesh-like tissue with a fluid matrix that functions to cushion and protect body organs.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
articular
amphibanat
angulaire
angulare
dermarticulare
goniale
operculo angulaire
Endochondral ossification of the posterior articular part of Meckel's cartilage.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
ascending_process_of_palatoquadrate
amphibanat
cartilage craniofacial
apophyse ascendens
schlafenflugelknorpel
processus ascendens of palatoquadrate
pediculus
pedicle
oberste abteilung des zweiten visceralbogens
auditory_muscles
amphibanat
autonomic_nervous_system
amphibanat
axial_skeleton
amphibanat
The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, a metameric, semi-flexible, arched bar located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.
AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
vertebral column
spinal column
basal_process_of_palatoquadrate
amphibanat
processus basalis
Process that extends medially from the ventromedial corner of the palatoquadrate cartilage and articulates or fuses to the anterior wall of the otic capsule via the basitrabecular process.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
basicranial_fontanelle
amphibanat
Ventral opening of the neurocranium.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
basimandibulare
amphibanat
basioccipital
amphibanat
basisphenoid
amphibanat
Endochondral ossification of the ventromedial portion of the braincase.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
bidders_organ
amphibanat
blastoderm
amphibanat
blastodisc
amphibanat
blastomere
amphibanat
blastopore
amphibanat
blood
amphibanat
Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
bone
amphibanat
Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs; organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
bottle_cells
amphibanat
braincase_and_auditory_apparatus
amphibanat
The part of the skull that encloses the brain and surrounds the inner ear.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
braincase_and_otic_capsule_opening
amphibanat
braincase_and_otic_capsule_skeleton
amphibanat
buccal_cavity
amphibanat
buccopharyngeal_cavity
amphibanat
canalis_semircularis_anterior
amphibanat
canalis_semircularis_posterior
amphibanat
capsular_process
amphibanat
Narrow process of the skeletal support that projects forward.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
cartilage
amphibanat
A type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, in the throat and between intervertebral disks. It makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
cartilage_bridge
amphibanat
cartilago_ectochoanalis
amphibanat
Lateral cartilaginous border of the fenestra endochoanalis.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
cartilago_infranarina
amphibanat
cartilago_orbitalis
amphibanat
dorsale randspange
cartilago_prootico-occipitalis
amphibanat
cartilago_retronarina
amphibanat
caudal-sacral_region
amphibanat
Region of the vertebral column posterior to the sacrum consisting of two to four vertebrae. The last of these vertebrae is distinguished by the possession of a well-developed haemal arch; it supports the posterior part of the cloaca and marks the posterior limit of the trunk.
AAO:Duellman_and_Treub_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Treub_1994
caudal_muscles
amphibanat
caudal_region
amphibanat
Region of the vertebral column posterior to the caudal-sacral region, that may consists of two or three to more than 100 vertebrae. These vertebrae exhibit a gradual reduction in the sizes of their transverse processes and zygapophyses, but these structures are never entirely absent. All caudal vertebrae bear haemal arches.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
tail region
postsacral region
cavum_inferius
amphibanat
Accessory cavity located ventral to the cavum principale and cavum medius.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
cavum_internasale
amphibanat
cavum_medius
amphibanat
Small accessory cavity located between the cavum principale and cavum inferius.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
cavum_praenasale
amphibanat
cavum_principale
amphibanat
Largest and most dorsal of the nasal cavities.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
central_nervous_system
amphibanat
cervical_muscles
amphibanat
cervical_region
amphibanat
Anterior region of the vertebral column consisting of one to 19 or 20 vertebrae.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
choana
amphibanat
Opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
chondrocranium
amphibanat
cloaca
amphibanat
connective_tissue
amphibanat
One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
connective_tissue_proper
amphibanat
coronoid
amphibanat
coronoid_teeth
amphibanat
cranial_muscles
amphibanat
cranial_nerves
amphibanat
cranial_skeleton
amphibanat
Bony structure that encases the central nervous system and the primary sense organs of sight, olfaction, hearing, and equilibrium.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
crista_contacta
amphibanat
Thin, horizontal ridge that extends medially from the corpus of the septomaxilla; it lays on the lamina inferior.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
crista_dentalis_of_maxilla
amphibanat
crista_dentalis_of_premaxilla
amphibanat
dental ridge of premaxilla
crista_intermedia
amphibanat
Paired, oblique plates of cartilage located ventral to the alary cartilages. The dorsomedial margin of each crista intermedia is fused to the transitional zone between the septum nasi and the tectum nasi, whereas the ventrolateral margin bears two laminae, the lamina superior and the lamina inferior.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
crista_lateralis_of_premaxilla
amphibanat
crista_parotica
amphibanat
processus muscularis capsulae auditivae
tegmen tympani
processus squamosus
crista_subnasalis
amphibanat
Ventral crest of the paries nasi.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
subnasal crest
crista_supraorbitalis
amphibanat
Short and blunt process that extends posteriorly from the posteromedial margin of the postnasal wall, on the anterodorsal corner of the orbit above the medial orbitonasal foramen.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
cutaneous_muscles
amphibanat
dense_connective_tissue
amphibanat
Also known as fibrous connective tissue. Forms ligaments and tendons and is characterized by densely packed collagen fibers that have great tensile strength.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
dentary
amphibanat
dentale
Ossified element of intramembranous origin that invests the lateral margin of the mentomeckelian bone and Meckel's cartilage, thus forming the lateral margin of the mandible.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
os dentale
sur-angulaire
dentary_teeth
amphibanat
dentition
amphibanat
Dentition refers to set of teeth, especially with regard to their number, kind, and arrangement, in the mouth.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
dermis
amphibanat
digestive_system
amphibanat
digestive_system_glands
amphibanat
dilatatio_alaris
amphibanat
ventral flange of anterior ramus of pterygoid
Flange that extends ventrally from about the middle portion of the margo mandibularis.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
dorsal_plate
amphibanat
ductus_endolymphaticus
amphibanat
ductus_perilymphaticus
amphibanat
ectoderm
amphibanat
embryonic_structure
amphibanat
endoderm
amphibanat
endolymphatic_system
amphibanat
epaxial_muscles
amphibanat
epidermis
amphibanat
epithelium
amphibanat
One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissues composed of layers of cells that cover organ surfaces such as surface of the skin and inner lining of digestive tract.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
esophagus
amphibanat
eustachian_canal
amphibanat
Furrow on the ventral surface of the otic capsule, and occasionally also the parasphenoid, that houses the Eustachian tube.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
exoccipital
amphibanat
occipitale laterale
exoccipitale
Endochondral bone that forms the posterior end of the neurocranium and the margin of the foramen magnum. In addition, this bone contributes to the posteromedial portion of the otic capsule and forms the occipital condyle.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pleurooccipitale
opisthoticum
extremitas_anterior
amphibanat
Large anterior outgrowth of the septomaxilla that is directed into the space between the alary cartilage and the lamina inferior.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
anterior ramus
eye_muscles
amphibanat
fat_bodies
amphibanat
fenestra_dorsalis_nasi
amphibanat
fenestra_endochoanalis
amphibanat
fenestra exochoanalis
Opening on the ventral aspect of the nasal capsule. It contains the apertura nasalis interna.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
fenestra_endonarina_communis
amphibanat
narial fenestra
Opening on the anterolateral aspect of the nasal capsule. It contains the apertura nasalis externa.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
apertura nasalis externa
fenestra narina
fenestra_lateralis_nasi
amphibanat
Opening on the lateral side of the nasal capsule.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
fenestra retronarina
fenestra infraconchalis
fenestra_nasobasalis
amphibanat
nasobasal fenestra
foramen epiphaniale
Small opening at the anterior tip of the nasal capsule, on the floor of the cavum inferius. It is located medially to the base of the inferior prenasal cartilage and serves for the passage of the ramus medialis narium and arteria orbitonasalis.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
basal fenestra
fenestra basalis nasi
foramen apicale
fenestra_nasolateralis
amphibanat
Elongated opening located on the lateral side of the nasal capsule.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
fenestra_ovalis
amphibanat
fenestra vestibuli
foramen ovale
fenestra_precerebralis
amphibanat
fenestra_prechoanalis
amphibanat
Large opening of the nasal floor anterior to the fenestra endochoanalis.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
flange_of_quadratojugal
amphibanat
footplate_of_pars_media_plectri
amphibanat
otostapes
pars otica columellae
pseudooperculum
interstapediale
fenestral plate
Independent, horizontal bar of cartilage located on the anterior part of the fenestra ovalis in front of the pars interna plectri.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
foramen_acusticum
amphibanat
acoustic foramen
foramen_acusticum_anterius
amphibanat
foramen_acusticum_maius
amphibanat
foramen_acusticum_minus
amphibanat
foramen_acusticum_posterius
amphibanat
foramen_endolymphaticum
amphibanat
endolymphatic foramen
foramen_orbitonasale_laterale
amphibanat
foramen_orbitonasale_mediale
amphibanat
foramen orbitonasale
canalis orbitonasalis medialis
canalis orbitonasalis
foramen_perilymphaticum
amphibanat
foramen_perilymphaticum_accessorium
amphibanat
foramen_perilymphaticum_superius
amphibanat
superior perilymphatic formaen
foramen rotundum
foramen_perilymphaticus_inferius
amphibanat
inferior perilymphatic foramen
foramen pro aquaeducto cochleae
fore_propodium
amphibanat
Segment of the forearm corresponding to the humerus.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
fore_epipodium
amphibanat
Segment of the forearm corresponding to the radius and ulna.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
antibrachium
fore_mesopodium
amphibanat
Segment of the forearm corresponding to the carpus. It consists of several elements that articulate with the radius and ulna at one end and the metacarpals at the other end.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
forelimb_skeleton
amphibanat
Skeletal structure of the paired, anterior appendages.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
forelimb_muscles_proper
amphibanat
forelimb_muscles
amphibanat
forelimb
amphibanat
Upper limb, which connects the manus with the pectoral girdle.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
frontal
amphibanat
frontoparietal
amphibanat
os fronto-parietale
parietaux
parietofrontal
Paired bone of intramembranous origin that roofs the braincase.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
fronto-parietaux
frontoparietal_constriction
amphibanat
frontoparietal_fontanelle
amphibanat
Dorsal opening of the neurocranium.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
germ_ring
amphibanat
glands
amphibanat
gonad
amphibanat
hind_epipodium
amphibanat
Segment of the leg corresponding to the tibia and fibula.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
hind_limb_skeleton
amphibanat
Skeletal structure of the paired, posterior appendages.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
hind_limb_muscles_proper
amphibanat
hind_limb
amphibanat
Lower limb, which connects the pes with the pelvic girdle.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
hind_mesopodium
amphibanat
Segment of the leg corresponding to the tarsus. It consists of several elements that articulate with the tibia and fibula at one end and the metatarsals at the other end.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
hind_metapodium
amphibanat
Segment of the leg corresponding to the metatarsus, which articulates with the carpals at one end and with the phalanges at the other end.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
hindlimb_muscles
amphibanat
hyobranchial_muscles
amphibanat
hyoid_apparatus
amphibanat
hyobranchial apparatus
Apparatus located in the floor of the mouth, under the mandibular arcade. The apparatus consists of a central corpus and four pairs of processes. This apparatus serves as the site of insertion for a variety of muscles associated with movements of the tongue and as the origin of the m. hyoglossus.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
hyolaryngeal_complex
amphibanat
Complex formed by two units, the hyoid and laryngeal apparatuses, which are both derived from the larval hyobranchial skeleton.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
hypaxial_muscles
amphibanat
hypoblast
amphibanat
inferior_prenasal_cartilage
amphibanat
processus prenasalis inferior lateralis
processus prenasalis inferior
Elongate cartilage that extends anteroventrally from the solum nasi to abut the ventral portion of the posterior aspect of the alary process of the premaxilla. It was first discribed by Wiedersheim in 1876.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
inferior prenasal process
infrarrostral_cartilage
amphibanat
inner_ear
amphibanat
integument
amphibanat
intestines
amphibanat
jaw_muscles
amphibanat
jugular_foramen
amphibanat
Large foramen that houses the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and is located inside the condyloid fossa.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
kidney
amphibanat
lagena
amphibanat
lamella_alaris
amphibanat
Dorsal plate of the squamosal.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
horizontal arm of squamosal
lamina_anterior_of_pars_facialis
amphibanat
lamina_inferior
amphibanat
Lateral expansion of the crista intermedia that serves as the floor of the cavum medium.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
lamina inferior cristae intermediae
lamina_nariochoanalis
amphibanat
Free, dorsal margin of the lamina inferior.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
lamina_orbitonasalis
amphibanat
In the larva, structure that is fused to the wall of the braincase, lateral to the olfactory foramen, and separates the nasal capsule and orbit. In the adult frog it constitutes the ventral part of postnasal wall.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
lamina_precerebralis
amphibanat
Posterior face of septum nasi.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
lamina_superior
amphibanat
Lateral expansion of the crista intermedia that serves as the roof of the cavum medium.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
Lamina superior cristae intermediae
larval_structure
amphibanat
laryngeal_apparatus
amphibanat
Apparatus located between the lungs and the buccal cavity. This apparatus is composed of a pair of arytenoid cartilages that are supported by the cricoid ring.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
larynx
amphibanat
lateral_line_system
amphibanat
lower_jaw
amphibanat
Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
lower_jaw_opening
amphibanat
lower_jaw_skeleton
amphibanat
lungs
amphibanat
mandibular_symphysis
amphibanat
margo_mandibularis_of_pterygoid
amphibanat
Ventrally directed margin that connects the anterior and posterior rami of the pterygoid.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_orbitalis_of_maxilla
amphibanat
Dorsal margin of the maxilla between the frontal and zygomatico-maxillary processes.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_orbitalis_of_pterygoid
amphibanat
Margin that connects the anterior and medial rami of the pterygoid.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_orbitalis_of_squamosal
amphibanat
Anterior margin of the squamosal that takes part in the formation of the orbit.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_tympanicus_of_pterygoid
amphibanat
Margin that connects the posterior and medial rami of the pterygoid.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
maxilla
amphibanat
Paired, intramembranous bone located on the lateral sides of the skull, posterior to the premaxillae.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
os maxillo-jugaux
os maxillare superior
os maxillaire
maxillary_teeth
amphibanat
maxillopalatine
amphibanat
Meckel's_cartilage
amphibanat
Paired, rod-shaped elements that extend the length of the mandible and lie between the dentaries and the angulosplenials.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
medial_inferior_prenasal_cartilage
amphibanat
medial_orbitonasal_foramen
amphibanat
Opening on the postnasal wall for the medial branch (= ramus medialis nasi) of the ophthalmicus nerve.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
medial_ramus_of_pterygoid
amphibanat
In a triradiate pterygoid, the process that extends medially towards the otic capsule.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
ramus interior of pterygoid
median_prenasal_process
amphibanat
processus prenasalis medius
Anterior projection of the septum nasi that protrudes through the anterior nasal wall.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
median_symphysis
amphibanat
mental_foramen
amphibanat
mentomeckelian
amphibanat
Paired, cylindrical, and small bones of endochondral origin that lie anteromedial to the anterior end of Meckel's cartilage. The precursors of the mentomeckelian bones are the larval infrarostral cartilages.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
mesethmoid
amphibanat
Endochondral ossification of the anteromedial portion of the braincase.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
mesoderm
amphibanat
muscle_tissue
amphibanat
One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
muscular_system
amphibanat
narial_muscles
amphibanat
naris
amphibanat
nasal
amphibanat
Paired bone of intramembranous origin that roofs the olfactory capsule.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
supraethmoid
nasenstirnbein
nasale
fronto-nasaux
fronto-nasale
frontaux anterieurs
nasal_capsule
amphibanat
Structure that has both respiratory and olfactory functions and lies anterior to the braincase, in the foremost section of the cranium.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
nasal_cavity
amphibanat
Saclike space internal to the nasal capsule lined by respiratory and sensory epithelium and glandular tissue.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
nasal_opening
amphibanat
nasal_skeleton
amphibanat
Structural framework that provides support to the nasal sacs and ducts.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
nasopremaxilla
amphibanat
nervous_system
amphibanat
nervous_tissue
amphibanat
One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
notochord
amphibanat
Slender rod of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a core of fluid-filled cells of mesodermal origin; it lies above the gut and directly beneath the spinal cord. The notochord is present during early development and in a few cases it is retained through life; however, usually the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
oblique_cartilage
amphibanat
Semi-circular cartilaginous sheet that lies lateral to the side of the septum nasi.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
cartilago obliqua
dorsal process
lamina obliqua
cartilago obliqua nasi
cartilago obliquo
occipital_condyle
amphibanat
oculomotor_foramen
amphibanat
olfactory_foramen
amphibanat
olfactory_system
amphibanat
optic_fenestra
amphibanat
optic_foramen
amphibanat
orbit
amphibanat
orbitonasal_foramen
amphibanat
Foramen that forms a passage for one of the branches of the trigeminal nerve into the nasal region.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
orbitosphenoid
amphibanat
Endochondral ossification of the lateral sides of the braincase.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
organizer
amphibanat
os_articulare
amphibanat
Ossified posterior articular portion of Meckel's cartilage.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
os_basale
amphibanat
other_muscles
amphibanat
otic_ligament
amphibanat
otic_plate_of_pterygoid
amphibanat
Osseous expansion of the posterior and medial rami of the pterygoid.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
otic_process_of_palatoquadrate
amphibanat
otic_ramus_of_squamosal
amphibanat
Ramus (process) that extends medially toward the otic capsule.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
posterior ramus
ramus paroticus
otoccipital
amphibanat
Fused prootic and exoccipital bones.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
ovary
amphibanat
palatine
amphibanat
neopalatine
Sliver of bone that invest part of or all the posterior aspect of each antorbital plane.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
palatine_process_of_pars_palatina_of_premaxilla
amphibanat
median palatal squame
palatine_process_of_the_pars_facialis_of_the_maxilla
amphibanat
palatine_teeth
amphibanat
palatoquadrate
amphibanat
Column of catilage, remnant in the adult of the larval palatoquadrate cartilage, that is located lateral or antero-lateral to the auditory capsule.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
palatoquadrate_articular_process
amphibanat
paranasal_commissure
amphibanat
Cartilaginous bridge that extends posteriorly to the anterolateral corner of the posterior nasal wall.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
commissura lateralis nasi
connection between lamina nariochoanalis and postnasal wall
processus lingularis
parasagittal_crest
amphibanat
parasphenoid
amphibanat
os parasphenoidale
keilbein
Azygous, median bone of intramembranous origin that underlies the ventral surface of the braincase.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
os sphenoideum
parabasale
cultriform_process
amphibanat
pars medialis
rostrum
Process that extends anteriorly from the orbitotemporal region.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
subotic_ala
amphibanat
processus lateralis
Paired, lateral processes that, when present, support the otic capsules ventrally.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
parasphenoid_teeth
amphibanat
paries_nasi
amphibanat
Paired, elongate, ventrolaterally-orieted cartilaginous structures that extend to the premaxilla-maxilla articulation.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
parietal
amphibanat
pars_amphibiorum
amphibanat
pars_articularis_of_mandibular_arch
amphibanat
Posterior end of Meckel's cartilage that forms the articular head of the mandibular arch.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pars_basilaris
amphibanat
pars_dentalis_of_maxilla
amphibanat
crista dentalis
Tooth-bearing part of the maxilla.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pars_dentalis_of_premaxilla
amphibanat
Tooth-bearing part of the premaxilla.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pars_externa_plectri
amphibanat
pars quadrata columellae
medio-stapedial
extracolumellare
extrapediale
hyostapes
extraplectral
extrastapes
pars_facialis_of_maxilla
amphibanat
pars_facialis_of_maxillopalatine
amphibanat
pars_inferior_of_labyrinth
amphibanat
pars_interna_plectri
amphibanat
Plate-like structure that lies in the fenestra ovalis. It arises within the membrana opercularis in the posterior part of the fenestra.
AOO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AOO#AOO_LAP
operculum fenestrae ovalis
operculum auris
pars_media_plectri
amphibanat
pars_palatina_of_maxilla
amphibanat
Lingual ledge on the inner surface of the maxilla.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
lamina horizontalis
pars_palatina_of_premaxilla
amphibanat
Lingual ledge on the inner surface of the premaxilla.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pars_superior_of_labyrinth
amphibanat
pectoral_girdle
amphibanat
shoulder girdle
Skeletal structure immediately behind the head attached to the vertebral column by muscles and supporting the forelimbs.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pectoral_girdle_muscles
amphibanat
pelvic_girdle
amphibanat
Skeletal structure by which the hind limbs are supported and attached to the vertebral column.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pelvic_girdle_muscles
amphibanat
perilymphatic_system
amphibanat
peripheral_nervous_system
amphibanat
pigment_cells
amphibanat
pila_antotica
amphibanat
pila_metoptica
amphibanat
pineal_foramen
amphibanat
planum_antorbitale
amphibanat
planum_conchale
amphibanat
planum_internasale
amphibanat
planum_terminale
amphibanat
pars terminalis
terminal plate
Vertical plate of cartilage that is fused posterodorsally to the oblique cartilage and anteriorly to the lamina inferior.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
planum_triangulare
amphibanat
Cartilaginous, distal expansion of the lamina orbitonasalis that invests the pars facialis of the maxilla medially.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
plectral_apparatus
amphibanat
Complex sound-conducting anatomical structure.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
posterior_condyle
amphibanat
posterior_maxillary_process
amphibanat
Process that extends posteriorly from the planum triangulare and invests the maxilla laterally and the anterior ramus of the pterygoid medially.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
posterior_maxillary_process_dorsal_process
amphibanat
posterior_mental_process
amphibanat
posterior_ramus_of_pterygoid
amphibanat
In a triradiate pterygoid, the process that extends posterolaterally towards the jaw articulation.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
posterolateral_vomerine_process
amphibanat
postnasal_wall
amphibanat
Paired, anteriorly concave structures that form the posterior limit of nasal capsule. It consists of two parts: a ventral piece, the lamina orbitonasalis, and a dorsal plate that is part of the tectum nasi.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
prearticular
amphibanat
Osseous element of intramembranous origin that extends along the lingual margin of Meckel's cartilage.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
prearticular_coronoid_process
amphibanat
Point of insertion of the masticatory musculature.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
prefrontal
amphibanat
premaxilla
amphibanat
intermaxillaire
premaxillary
Paired, intramembranous bones located at the anterior end of the skull; they form the anterior-most segment of the maxillary arch.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
premaxillary_teeth
amphibanat
preorbital_process_of_the_pars_facialis_of_the_maxilla
amphibanat
presumptive_blood
amphibanat
presumptive_central_nervous_system
amphibanat
presumptive_ectoderm
amphibanat
presumptive_endoderm
amphibanat
presumptive_enteric_nervous_system
amphibanat
presumptive_epidermis
amphibanat
presumptive_hypochord
amphibanat
presumptive_integument
amphibanat
presumptive_mesoderm
amphibanat
presumptive_nervous_system
amphibanat
presumptive_notochord
amphibanat
presumptive_structure
amphibanat
primary_germ_layer
amphibanat
processus_ascendens_plectri
amphibanat
processus dorsalis columellae
processus superior columellae
laterohyale
Cartilaginous or ligamentous connection between the pars externa plectri and the crista parotica.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
processus ascendens columellae
suprastapediale
processus_infrafenestralis
amphibanat
Posterior part of the corpus of the septomaxilla; the posterior surface of the processus infrafenestralis is in contact with the oblique cartilage.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
dorsal crest
processus_internus
amphibanat
processus_lingualis_of_pterygoid
amphibanat
Dorsolateral process of the of the medial ramus of the pterygoid.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
processus_posterior_of_maxilla
amphibanat
Posterior, toothless portion of the maxilla by which it usually comes in contact with the quadratojugal.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
processus_pterygoideus_of_maxilla
amphibanat
Posterior end of the pars palatina of the maxilla that is in contact with the anterior ramus of the pterygoid.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
processus_suprafenestralis
amphibanat
processus_zygomatico-maxillaris
amphibanat
Posterodorsal extension of the maxilla by which it establishes contact with the squamosal.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
prootic
amphibanat
Paired, endochondral bones that form the lateral borders of the posterior portion of the braincase and the dorsal, anterior, and lateral walls of the otic capsules.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pseudoangular
amphibanat
pseudobasal_process
amphibanat
pseudodentary
amphibanat
pseudodentary_teeth
amphibanat
pterygoid
amphibanat
pterygoidien
Palatal bones of intramembranous origin that lie anterior to the otic capsules, lateral to the orbits, and medial to the maxillae.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pterygoid_process_of_palatoquadrate
amphibanat
Process that extends anteriorly from the anterolateral margin of the palatoquadrate and articulates or synchondrotically fuses to the posterior end of the posterior maxillary process.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pterygoquadrate
amphibanat
quadrate_bone
amphibanat
Ossified pars articularis of the palatoquadrate cartilage.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
quadrate_process_of_palatoquadrate
amphibanat
quadratojugal
amphibanat
Paired intramembranous bones that completes the maxillary arch posteriorly; they appear at the end of, or just after, metamorphosis.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
quadrato-maxillare
quadrato-jugals
tympano maleaux
quadratojugale
jugau
quadratjochbeine
os jugale
recessus_fenestrae_ovalis
amphibanat
recessus_marsupiatus_of_premaxilla
amphibanat
recessus_vaginiformis
amphibanat
respiratory_system
amphibanat
reticular_connective_tissue
amphibanat
Network of reticular fibres (fine collagen) that form a soft skeleton to support the lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen).
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
retroarticular_process
amphibanat
Point of insertion of the m. interhuoideus posterior.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
rib
amphibanat
Endochondral, rodlike element that articulates with the transverse process and parapophysis (double-headed rib), or with the transverse process only (single-headed rib); it extends into the body wall and provides a site for muscle attachment.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
dorsal rib
rostral_process
amphibanat
sacculus
amphibanat
saccus_endolymphaticus
amphibanat
sacrum
amphibanat
Enlarged vertebra with transverse processes (diapophyses), and ocassionally ribs, that are modified and elaborated for support of the pelvic girdle.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
sensory_system
amphibanat
septomaxilla
amphibanat
lacrimale
intranasal
nariale
le cornet
internasale
Paired, intramembranous bones located within the nasal capsules and embedded in the nasal cartilages; it is pierced by the ductus nasolacrimalis.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
turbinale
os internasale
nasale
septomaxillary
os nariale
septum_nasi
amphibanat
Medial, vertical plate that separates the nasal capsules.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
septum_semicircularium_anterior
amphibanat
septum_semicircularium_laterale
amphibanat
septum_semircularium_posterior
amphibanat
seydels_palatal_process
amphibanat
skeletal_support_for_eminentia_olfactoria
amphibanat
Elevation of the dorsal surface of the solum nasi medial to the fenestra endochoanalis that provides support for the eminentia olfactoria.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
skeletal_system
amphibanat
System that provides physical support to the organism.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
solum_nasi
amphibanat
planum basale
nasal floor
Unpaired, horizontal plate that forms the floor of the nasal capsule.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
spatium_sacculare
amphibanat
specialized_connective_tissue
amphibanat
sphenethmoid
amphibanat
Azygous, endochondral bone that houses the anterior portion of the brain.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
splenial
amphibanat
squamosal
amphibanat
os squamosum
Paired, intramembranous bones that lie at the posterolateral margins of the skull. These bones are composed of three rami that give the squamosals their characteristic T shape.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
paraquadratum
os tympanicum
supratemporale
squamosum
tympanique
supratemporo-squamosum
temporo-mastoidien
stomach
amphibanat
stylus_of_pars_media_plectri
amphibanat
stilus columellare
columella auris
columellare
os columellare
os intermedium
stapes
stelidium
mesostapediale
mediostapediale
interstapediale
sulcus_dentalis_of_maxilla
amphibanat
Groove located between the pars dentalis and the bases of the maxillary teeth.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
sulcus_dentalis_of_premaxilla
amphibanat
sulcus_for_Meckels_cartilage
amphibanat
superior_prenasal_cartilage
amphibanat
Paired, elongate cartilages that extend anteroventrally to abut the dorsomedial margin of the posterior face of the alary process of the premaxilla. The function of these cartilages is to transmit the movement of the premaxilla to the alary cartilages during the closure of the apertura nasalis externa.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
supraangular
amphibanat
supraoccipital
amphibanat
supraorbital_flange
amphibanat
suprasphenoid
amphibanat
Endochondral ossification of the dorsomedial portion of the braincase.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
suspensorium
amphibanat
Apparatus located toward the posterolateral end of the skull, at the level of the anterior margin of the otic capsule that suspends and braces the jaw against the skull.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
symphysis_maxillaris
amphibanat
taenia_tecti_marginalis
amphibanat
tectum_nasi
amphibanat
Roof of the nasal capsule.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
tectum_synoticum
amphibanat
tentacular_foramen
amphibanat
testis
amphibanat
tissue
amphibanat
trochlear_foramen
amphibanat
trunk_muscles
amphibanat
trunk_region
amphibanat
thoracolumbar region
presacral region
Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
tympanic_annulus
amphibanat
Funnel-like ring structure located lateral to the ventral ramus of the squamosal, beneath the skin; it provides support to the tympanic membrane.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
tympanic ring
processus basilaris
annulus tympanicus
tympanosquamosal
amphibanat
Central, funnel-shaped, ossified portion of the tympanic annulus fused to the squamosal bone.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
upper_jaw
amphibanat
Superior maxillary arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
upper_jaw_opening
amphibanat
upper_jaw_skeleton
amphibanat
urinary_bladder
amphibanat
urogenital_system
amphibanat
utriculus
amphibanat
ventral_ramus_of_squamosal
amphibanat
Longest of the three squamosal rami; it invests the dorsolateral margin of the palatoquadrate. The distal end of the ventral ramus invests the quadrate and articulates with the quadratojugal.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
processus posterolateralis
ventrolateral_process_of_palatoquadrate
amphibanat
vestibuloauditory_system
amphibanat
visual_system
amphibanat
vomer
amphibanat
prevomer
Paired, palatal bones of intramembranous origin that lie ventral to the olfactory region and help to floor the nasal capsules .
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
praevomer
vomerine_canal
amphibanat
vomerine_teeth
amphibanat
Wolffian_duct
amphibanat
zygomatic_ramus_of_squamosal
amphibanat
Ramus (process) that forms part of the posterior margin of the orbit.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
arcus_praeoccipitalis
amphibanat
Skeletal structure that separates the inferior and superior perilymphatic foramina.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
mandibular_teeth
amphibanat
maxillopalatine_teeth
amphibanat
nasolarimal_duct
amphibanat
ductus nasolacrimalis
nasal duct
canalis nasolacrimalis
processus_lingularis
amphibanat
lingular process
Rod-shaped process that extends caudally from the inferior edge of the planum terminale.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
corpus
amphibanat
Basal part of the septomaxilla.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pars horizontalis
margo_libera
amphibanat
Anterior, rounded portion of the corpus of the septomaxilla.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
crista_interna
amphibanat
Sharp ridge that extends medially from the basal part of the processus infrafenestralis; it separates the diverticulum proncipale from the diverticulum medium.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
crista_praeopercularis
amphibanat
Synchondrotic or synostotic connection between the footplate of the pars media plectri and the ventral margin of the fenestra ovalis.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
anterior_process_of_vomer
amphibanat
Process that extends anterolaterally toward the maxilla-premaxilla articulation.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
processus_frontalis
amphibanat
processus praeorbitalis of the pars facialis
Anterio portion of the maxilla that may contact the nasal and take part in the formation of a groove for the nasolacrimal duct.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
lamina_anterior_of_maxilla
amphibanat
Most anterior part of the maxilla, which is in contact with the premaxilla.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
fossa_maxillaris
amphibanat
Depression lacated on the inner surface of the maxilla between the palatine process and the pars palatina.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pars_glenoidalis_of_quadratojugal
amphibanat
Portion of the quadratojugal that makes contact dorsally with the distal portion of the squamosal.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pars_jugalis
amphibanat
Anterior part of the quadratojugal that is in contact with the processus posterior of the maxilla.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
processus_dorsalis
amphibanat
Dorsal process of the lamella alaris located at the anterior end of the margo orbitalis; a narrow ligament that runs from the frontoparietal is attached to it.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
processus_posterodorsalis
amphibanat
Posterior process of the lamella alaris.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
dentigerous_ process
amphibanat
torus dentigerous
Tooth-bearing process of the vomer.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
prechoanal_process
amphibanat
processus choanalis anterior
Process that extends laterally from the anterior process; its bifurcation from the postchoanal process occurs at the level of the dentigerous process.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
postchoanal_process
amphibanat
processus choanalis posterior
Process that extends laterally from the anterior process; its bifurcation from the prechoanal process occurs at the level of the dentigerous process.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_choanalis
amphibanat
Margin between the prechoanal and postchoanal process. It bounds the fenestra endochoanalis.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
crista_vomeri
amphibanat
Ridge on the dorsal surface of the vomer that runs from the anterior to the postchoanal processes of the vomer; it takes part in the fixation of the bone to the lateral margin of the solum nasi.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
processus_posterior
amphibanat
Posterior projection of the median part of the parsphenoid, which may extend over the posterior margins of the subotic alae.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
parahyoid
amphibanat
hyoid_plate
amphibanat
Azygous or paired bone that occurs on the ventral surface of the hyoid plate.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
hyobranchial_skeleton
amphibanat
ceratohyal
amphibanat
ceratohyale
hyale
hyoid
keratohyale
zungenbeinknorpel
Paired elements that lie ventral to the hypobranchials and curve dorsally from their medial articulation with basibranchial toward the suspensorium.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
pars_reuniens
amphibanat
Area of fusion of the ceratohyals.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
hypoglossal_sinus
amphibanat
hyale
amphibanat
anterior_process_of_hyoid_apparatus
amphibanat
anterolateral_process_of_hyoid_plate
amphibanat
Processes that flank the hyales laterally and extend anterolaterally from the anterolateral margin of the hyoid plate. They are formed as a result of new cartilaginous growth lateral to the basibranchial.
AAO:Rocek_2003
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Rocek_2003
processus alaris
processus lateralis anterior
processus anterolateralis
posterolateral_process
amphibanat
Paired processes that extend posterolaterally from the posterolateral margin of the hyoid plate. These processes are formed as a result of new cartilaginous growth lateral to the basibranchial and hypobranchial plate.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
posteromedial_process
amphibanat
cornua posteriores
hyoid
Cartilaginous, paired processes that extend posterolaterally from the posterior margin of the hyoid plate. These processes invest the laryngeal apparatus and are ossified in the adult.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
arytenoid_cartilage
amphibanat
cartilago arytaenoidea
Paired, anteroposteriorly elongated cartilages that are associated with the vocal cords. These cartilages are medially separated and hemispherical, and their concave side faces ventromedially.
AAO:Rocek_2003
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Rocek_2003
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
cricoid_cartilage
amphibanat
cartilago cricotrachealis
cartilago cricoidea
Cartilaginous ring that provides support for the arytenoid cartilages. Its ventral part is bent posteriorly to form a V.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2003
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2003
AAO:Rocek_2003
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Rocek_2003
bronchial_process
amphibanat
Paired processes that extend posteroventrally from the anterolateral margins of the cricoid ring.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
processus trachealis
lateral_process
amphibanat
esophageal_process
amphibanat
spina oesophagea
Median process located on the posterior end of the cricoid cartilage.
AAO:Rocek_2003
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Rocek_2003
humerus
amphibanat
Paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that extend from the pectoral girdle to the elbows.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_1994
manubrium
amphibanat
Proximal section of the hyale.
AAO:Rocek_1993
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Rocek_1993
processus anteriores
hyoid_apparatus_opening
amphibanat
hyoid_apparatus_skeleton
amphibanat
sinus_nervi_hypoglossi
amphibanat
Depression that houses the hypoglossus nerve and is located between the anterolateral process and the proximal part of the hyale.
AAO:Rocek_2003
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Rocek_2003
hyoid_bone
amphibanat
Paired processes that extend posterolaterally from the posterior margin of the hyoid plate. These processes are the ossified posteromedial processes and invest the laryngeal apparatus.
AAO:Rocek_2003
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Rocek_2003
ossa thyroidea
os postero-mediale
hyoid
foramen_nervi_hypoglossi
amphibanat
foramen laterale
Foramen that houses the hypoglossus nerve and is located between the anterolateral process and the proximal part of the hyale.
AAO:Rocek_2003
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Rocek_2003
basibranchial
amphibanat
copula I
Medial element to which other parts of the hyoid apparatus are attached.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
processus_confluens
amphibanat
Strip of cartilage that forms the lateral margin of the foramen nervi hypoglossi.
AAO:Rocek_2003
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Rocek_2003
processus alaris
prominentia_apicalis_dorsalis
amphibanat
Anterior end of the arytenoid cartilage.
AAO:Rocek_2003
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Rocek_2003
prominentia apicalis anterior
prominentia_apicalis_ventralis
amphibanat
prominentia apicalis posterior
Posterior (cardiac) end of the arytenoid cartilage.
AAO:Rocek_2003
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Rocek_2003
wrisbergi_cartilage
amphibanat
cartilago apicalis intermedia
cartilago apicalis seu cartilago santoriniana
Independent cartilage that may occur dorsal or anterior to the prominentiae apicales dorsales of the arytenoid cartilages.
AAO:Rocek_2003
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Rocek_2003
vertebra
amphibanat
Main component of the vertebral column. It consists of two essential parts, a dorsal neural arch and a ventral centrum.
AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
pedicel
amphibanat
Paired stalks located dorsolateral to the vertebral centrum that provide support to the lateral margins of the neural arch laminae.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
neural_canal
amphibanat
spinal canal
Canal formed by the vertebral centra ventrally, the pedicels laterally, and the neural arches dorsally that encloses and protects the spinal cord.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
foramen vertebrale
atlantal_cotyle
amphibanat
cavitas glenoidalis
Anterior, single or paired concave facets for articulation with the condyle(s) of the urostyle.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
neural_arch_lamina
amphibanat
Paired plates that form the neural arch. The lateral margin of each lamina rests dorsal to the superior end of the pedicel, and the medial end fuses to the medial end of the opposite lamina.
AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
posterior_intervertebral_notch
amphibanat
Indentation on the anterior margin of the pedicel. When two vertebrae articulate, the anterior notch of one vertebra and the posterior notch of the other create a bilateral intervertebral space.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
centrum
amphibanat
corpus
Cylindrical body of bone, round or oval in cross section, which functionally replaces the notochord.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_2008
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_2008
transverse_process
amphibanat
Projections on each side of the vertebra from the point where the neural arch lamina joins the pedicel for the articulation with the head of a single-headed rib or the upper head of a double-headed rib. Also called diapophyses. They provide surfaces for the attachment of muscles. In anurans, the term transverse process is used in reference to the processes associated with the presacral and postsacral vertebrae.
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
vertebral_column_skeleton
amphibanat
vertebral_column_opening
amphibanat
intervertebral_space
amphibanat
intervertebral space
Space formed by the anterior and posterior intervertebral notches. The intervertebral spaces accommodate the spinal nerves as they emerge from the spinal canal.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
postzygapophysis
amphibanat
Paired processes at the caudal end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the postzygapophyses face lateroventrally and articulate with the dorsomedially facing facets of the prezygapophyses of the succeeding vertebra.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
processus obliquus posterior
prezygapophysis
amphibanat
Paired processes at the cephalic end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the prezygapophyses face dorsomedially and articulate with the lateroventrally facing facets of the postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra.
AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
processus obliquus anterior
anterior_intervertebral_notch
amphibanat
Indentation on the posterior margin of the pedicel. When two vertebrae articulate, the anterior notch of one vertebra and the posterior notch of the other create a bilateral intervertebral space.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
neural_spine
amphibanat
Elaboration of the mid-dorsal keel into a posterior or posterolateral process.
AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
processus spinosus
diapophysis
amphibanat
Paired processes that arise near the midpoint of the neural arch lamina, for the attachment of the tuberculum of two-headed ribs. Also called transverse processes. In anurans, the term diapophysis is used in reference to the modified transverse processes of the sacral vertebra elaborated for support of the pelvic girdle.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
pleurapophysis
amphibanat
Paired processes that represent the rib attachments to the vertebra plus the ribs.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
parapophysis
amphibanat
Paired processes, which arise near the dorsolateral part of the vertebral centrum, for the attachment of the capitulum of two-headed ribs.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
atlas
amphibanat
presacral I
First postcranial vertebra, which is modified anteriorly to articulate with the skull.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
zygapophysis
amphibanat
Paired processes at the cephalic and caudal ends of the neural arch. They function as interlocking structures between adjacent vertebrae, and limit dorsoventral flexion and lateral movement of the column in the trunk region.
AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
processus articularis
procoelous
amphibanat
Holochordal vertebral centra that are concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly; they bear a condyle on the posterior end for the articulation with the posterior adjacent vertebral centrum, forming a ball-and-socket joint that allows extensive motion in most directions.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
opisthocoelous
amphibanat
Ectochordal or stegochordal vertebral centra that are convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly; they bear a condyle on the anterior end for the articulation with the posterior adjacent vertebral centrum, forming a ball-and-socket joint that allows extensive motion in most directions.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
epichordal
amphibanat
Vertebral centrum that originates from ossification of the dorsal portion of the perichordal tube; the resulting element tends to be depressed in cross section.
AAO:Kluge_and_Farris_1969
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Kluge_and_Farris_1969
perichordal
amphibanat
Vertebral centrum that originates from ossification of the entire perichordal tube; the resulting element is cylindrical in cross section and may have an open (notochord retained) or solid center.
AAO:Kluge_and_Farris_1969
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Kluge_and_Farris_1969
heterocoelous
amphibanat
Vertebral centrum that bears saddle-shaped articular surfaces at both ends, having a convexity in the right-left axis and a concavity in the dorsoventral axis. This morphology allows great lateral and vertical flexion.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
acoelous
amphibanat
Vertebral centrum with flat ends. Between successive vertebrae there is a fibrocartilaginous intervertebral body with a gel-like core, the nucleus pulposus, which is derived from the embryonic notochord. Acoelous vertebrae seem especially suited to receive and distribute compressive forces within the vertebral column.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
amphicoelous
amphibanat
Ectochordal, biconcave or terminally flat vertebral centrum. This design seems to allow limited motion in most directions. An intervertebral body (which may or may not be independent from the adjacent centra) fills the cavity between successive centra. The intervertebral body usually is formed by soft material that may be derived, at least in part, from the embryonic notochord.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
ectochordal
amphibanat
Spool-shaped vertebral centrum with an open center in which the notochord lies.
AAO:Griffiths_1959
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Griffiths_1959
holochordal
amphibanat
Spool-shaped vertebral centrum with a solid center. All traces of the notochord dissapear.
AAO:Griffiths_1959
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Griffiths_1959
stegochordal
amphibanat
Vertebral centrum that is depressed dorsoventrally and solid. All traces of the notochord dissapear.
AAO:Griffiths_1959
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Griffiths_1959
odontoid_process
amphibanat
tuberculum interglenoideum
Anterior process located between the atlantal cotyles that projects into the foramen magnum of the skull and bears facets that articulate with the lateral walls of the foramen.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
tuberculum
amphibanat
Dorsal head of a bicapitate rib. It articulates with the diapophysis.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
capitulum_of_rib
amphibanat
Ventral head of a bicapitate rib. It articulates with the parapophysis.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
sacral_region
amphibanat
Region of the vertebral column represented by one or two vertebrae.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
neural_arch
amphibanat
Bony arch perched on the vertebral centrum; successive arches enclose the neural canal that surrounds and protects the spinal cord dorsally.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
carina neuralis
haemal_arch
amphibanat
ventral arch
Bony canal attached to the ventral surface or the vertebral centrum that encloses and protects the caudal artery and vein ventrally. The arch consists of right and left halves, which are fused ventrally to give a V- or Y-shape to the ventral aspect of the vertebra.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
haemal_arch_lamina
amphibanat
Paired plates that form the haemal arch. The lateral margin of each lamina is firmly attached to the ventral surface of the caudal vertebral centrum and the medial end fuses to the medial end of the opposite lamina.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
nucal_keel
amphibanat
Longitudinal process found in all cervical vertebrae, except the atlas, for the attachment of dorsal head musculature.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
spinal_foramen
amphibanat
Opening on the vertebra for a spinal nerve as it emerges from the spinal canal.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
foramen_nutritium
amphibanat
Opening on the lateral side of the vertebra for the passage of blood vessels.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
coccyx
amphibanat
Small, bony element consisting of several fused, rudimentary caudal vertebrae; near metamorphosis the hypochord fuses to the coccyx, thereby forming the urostyle.
AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
urostyle
amphibanat
Rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. The urostyle is formed by the fusion of the coccyx and the hypochord.
AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
os coccygei
hypochord
amphibanat
Unsegmented ventral structure in the caudal region of anuran larvae; near metamorphosis the hypochord fuses to the coccyx, thereby forming the urostyle.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
vertebral_column
amphibanat
mid-dorsal_keel
amphibanat
Ridge-shaped structure present on the dorsomedial surface of the neural arch lamina; this structure is produced at the point of junction of the contralateral sides of each neural arch.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
crista_ventralis
amphibanat
crista_ventralis_humeri
deltoid crest
Ridge on the ventral aspect of the humeral shaft that extends from the level of the glenoid head to about one-third to one-half the lenfth of the shaft. It serves for the attachment of the mm pectoralis and supra-coracoideus.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
perichordal_tube
amphibanat
Coat around the notochord that originates from cells derived from the sclerotomes.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
perichordal_ring
amphibanat
Segmental sections of the perichordal tube that give rise to vertebrae.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
spinous_process
amphibanat
Small, posteriorly directed process at the posterior margin of each neural arch lamina; it is not a neural spine.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
synsacrum
amphibanat
Complex of synostotically fused vertebrae supporting the pelvic girdle. In anurans, the synsacrum is formed by two vertebrae and the urostyle is fused to its posterior end.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
uncinate_process
amphibanat
Posteriorly directed process (occasionally directed anteriorly) usually associated with the rib (sometimes with the transverse process) of the third vertebra; they provide the origin of the mm serratus superior, medius, and inferior.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
epiphysis
amphibanat
Cartilaginous expansion at the distal end of an anterior rib or transverse process that serves for the attachment of muscles suspending the pectoral girdle to the vertebral column.
AAO:Pugener_2002
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_2002
sacral_condyle
amphibanat
Anterior, paired convex facets for articulation with the cotyle(s) of the urostyle.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
urostyle_cotyle
amphibanat
fossa condyloidea ossis coccygei
Anterior, single or paired concave facets for articulation with the sacral condyle(s).
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
webbing_of_bone
amphibanat
In anurans, pair of bony plates that connect the posteromedial margins of the sacral diapophyses with the lateral margins of the anterior portion of the urostyle.
AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Pugener_and_Maglia_2008
urostyle_ridge
amphibanat
Longitudinal crest on the dorsal side of the urostyle formed by the caudal neural arches.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
crista ossi coccygei
appendicular_skeleton
amphibanat
The pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs, form the appendicular skeleton.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
suprascapula
amphibanat
scapula major
omolita
episcapulum
adscapulum
Paired, cartilaginous elements located in the dorsolateral shoulder region. Each suprascapula is a flat broad blade that extends medially.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
glenoid_fossa
amphibanat
Cavity for the articulation of the forelimb formed by the scapula, coracoid, and clavicle.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
glenoid cavity
cleithrum
amphibanat
Paired bones of intramembranous origin. Each cleithrum extends medially from a point near the suprascapular-scapular articulation to invest the anterior margin of the suprascapula, and occasionoally it may extend to the dorsal (medial) surface. Usually, this bone is bifurcate.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
scapula
amphibanat
omoplate
lower shoulder blade
scapula minor
collum scapulae
Paired bony elements of endochondral origin. They are situated at the level of the jaw articulation, in a vertical position, with the suprascapular margin being dorsal and the glenoid end being ventral.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
pars_acromialis
amphibanat
Prominent structure (anteromedial head) that forms the anterior section of the ventral margin of the scapula.
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
pars_glenoidalis_of_scapula
amphibanat
Concave structure (posteromedial head) that forms the posterior head of the ventral margin of the scapula. The pars glenoidalis articulates with the humerus, and comprises the dorsal portion of the glenoid fossa.
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
pectoral_girdle_skeleton
amphibanat
pectoral_girdle_opening
amphibanat
crista_dorsalis
amphibanat
Small hooked process on the dorsal aspect of the humeral shaft; it does not extend on to the glenoid head. The m subscapularis is inserted on it.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
crista_dorsalis_humeri
zonal_area
amphibanat
All those parts of the pectoral girdle ventral and medial to the glenoid fossa.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
lateral_epicondyle
amphibanat
Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus (larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle) and lateral to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the mm extensor antebrachii et carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis, and in part to the m extensor antebrachii et carpi ulnaris.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
epicondylus_lateralis_humeri
omosternum
amphibanat
episternum
interclavicle
prezonal element
prezonal sternum
sternum superior
Proximal portion of the prezonal element of the pectoral girdle. It may be a flat, midventral cartilaginous structure or a calcified or bony element elaborated into a stylum.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
procoracoid
amphibanat
Cartilaginous, paired structures located on the anterolateral portions of the zonal area of the pectoral girdle.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
precoracoid
clavicle
amphibanat
acromial
furcula
os thoracale
Slender, paired bones of intramembranous origin that invest the anterior margins of the procoracoids.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
epicoracoid
amphibanat
corpus sterni
coracoid cartilage
entosternal
infracoracoid
Paired, flat cartilaginous arches that compose the central portion of the zonal area, unites the clavicle and coracoid of each half of the pectoral girdle, and form the medial margins of the pectoral fenestrae.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
sterni ossa media
epicoracoid_bridge
amphibanat
procoracoid bridge
A pair of cartilaginous expansions (one from each epicoracoid cartilage) that project anteriorly. They articulate anteriorly with the omosternum.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
coracoid
amphibanat
coracoideum
clavicula vera
Paired cartilaginous structures or endochondral bones located on the posterolateral portions of the zonal area of the pectoral girdle.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
pars sternalis scapulae
coracoidien
clavicula posterior
clavicula
sternum
amphibanat
hyposternum
Single element that constitutes the postzonal area of the pectoral girdle.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
sternum inferius
cartilaginula quadrata intermedia
pelvic_girdle_opening
amphibanat
pelvic_girdle_skeleton
amphibanat
pelvic_girdle_symphisis
amphibanat
Medial attachement of the two halves of the pelvic girdle.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
acetabulum
amphibanat
Cavity for the articulation of the proximal bone of the hind limb.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
cavite cotyloide
acetabular_depression
amphibanat
Central, most concave portion of the acetabulum, which remains open.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
ilium
amphibanat
os ischii
Paired, rodlike endochondral bones that constitute the anterior pelvic girdle.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
ilial_ridge
amphibanat
ala ossis ilei
Longitudinal crest on the dorsal side of the shaft of the ilium.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
ilial_shaft
amphibanat
Anterior rod that articulates with the sacrum.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
ilial_corpus
amphibanat
Posterior body of the illium that forms the anterior half of the acetabulum.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
glenoid_foramen
amphibanat
Opening on the glenoid fossa.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
epicoracoid_horn
amphibanat
A pair of cartilaginous expansions (one from each epicoracoid cartilage) that project posteriorly. They articulate with the sternum by means of grooves, pouches or fossae in the dorsal surface of the sternum and provide a site for the insertion of a pair of muscles derived from the m. rectus abdominis.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
supracoracoid_foramen
amphibanat
Opening on the scapulocoracoid bone through which passes the n. supracoracoideus and the corresponding artery and vein.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
foramen supracoracoideum
pectoral_fenestra
amphibanat
Ovoid space on the pectoral girdle limited anteriorly by the procoracoid, medially by the epicoracoid, and posteriorly by the coracoid.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
fenestra between procoracoid and coracoid
incisura_coracoidea
amphibanat
Notch that separates the cartilaginous regions of the procoracoid and coracoid.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
scapulocoracoid
amphibanat
Fused, ossified portions of the scapula, procoracoid, and coracoid.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
medial_epicondyle
amphibanat
epicondylus_medialis_humeri
Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus and medial to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the flexor muscles antogonistic to those that attach to the lateral epicondyle.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
fovea_capitis
amphibanat
Ovoid roughened pit, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the head, and serves as a site of attachment for ligaments.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
ulnar_condyle
amphibanat
Semi-elliptical ball located at the lower end of the humerus, adjacent to the humeral ball.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
trochlear_groove_of_humerus
amphibanat
Furrow between the humeral head and the ulnar condyle.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
fossa_cubitalis_ventralis
amphibanat
Depresion on the distal end of the humerus, just anterior to the humeral head, in which the end of the radius fits when the forelimb is flexed.
LAP:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/LAP#LAP_Maglia_et_al_2007
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
collum_antibrachii
amphibanat
In a fused radio-ulna, the proximal portion of the compound bone (where the sulcus longitudinalis is barely evident or absent) is a cylindrical pillar.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
radius
amphibanat
One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the fore-epipodium; it is located on the lateral side of the ulna. Its upper end articulates with both the humerus and the ulna, whereas the lower articulates with the carpals.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
ulna
amphibanat
One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the fore-epipodium; it is located on the medial (inner) side of the radius. The upper end of the ulna articulates with the lower end of the humerus forming a strong hinge joint with the carpals, whereas the lower articulates with the carpals.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
radiale
amphibanat
One of two element that constitute the basal row of carpals. It articulates proximally with the radius, mesially with the ulnare (or pars intermedia of the ulnare when the ulnare is fused to the intermedium) and distally with the centrale (also recognized by some authors as element Y). This element originates from one or two condensation centers. Occasionally it may fuse to carpal 5(4), the ulnare, or other elements.
AAO:Fabrezi_and_Alberch_1996
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_and_Alberch_1996
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
AAO:Fabrezi_1992
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1992
episternum
amphibanat
Distal, flat, cartilaginous element of the prezonal element of the pectoral girdle.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
anterior_ramus_of cleithrum
amphibanat
Subdivision of the cleithrum that extends along the anterior edge of the suprascapula.
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
anomocoelous
amphibanat
Stegochordal slightly biconcave or flat terminally vertebral centrum. Each intervertebral cartilage is subdivided anteriorly and posteriorly, producing a free intervertebral element between adjacent vertebrae. This element subsequently ossifies and remains free.
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
displasiocoelous
amphibanat
Vertebral column in which the first seven vertebrae have holochordal centra and the intervertebral cartilages are posteriorly subdivided in the procoelous manner. The eighth presacral vertebra has a holochordal centrum and the intervertebral cartilage is subdivided in the opisthocoelous manner. Thus, the first seven presacral vertebrae are concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly, whereas the eighth is biconcave.
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
intervertebral_cartilage
amphibanat
Block of cartilage, which usually ossifies, that lies between successive vertebral centra.
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
imbricate_neural_arch
amphibanat
Overlapping neural arches that obscure the spinal cord dorsally.
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
non-imbricate_neural_arch
amphibanat
Neural arches that do not overlap, thus exposing the spinal cord dorsally.
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
presacral_shield
amphibanat
Dorsal, dermal plate of bone that overlies the presacral vertebrae. Such shield usually has irregular, sculptured surfaces, frequently is broadly expanded, and may be composed of several separate plates.
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
cartilago_paraglenoidalis
amphibanat
Strip of cartilage that separates the coracoid from the scapula.
AAO:Stephenson_1952
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Stephenson_1952
intercotylar_space
amphibanat
spatium interglenoidale
Space between the atlantal cotyles.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
caput_glenoidale
amphibanat
Convex articular facet of the vertebral centrum for the articulation with the adjacent centrum.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
fossa_glenoidalis
amphibanat
Concave articular facet of the vertebral centrum for the articulation with the adjacent centrum.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
sulcus_articularis_lateralis
amphibanat
In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the lateral canal between the carina distalis and the carina medialis.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
sulcus_articularis_medialis
amphibanat
In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the medial canal between the carina medialis and the carina proximalis.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
carina_proximalis
amphibanat
In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the proximal ridge.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
carina_medialis
amphibanat
In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the medial ridge.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
carina_distalis
amphibanat
In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the distal ridge.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
parasagittal_processes
amphibanat
Paired, posteriorly directed process at the posterior margin of each neural arch lamina.
AAO:Cannatella_1985
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Cannatella_1985
accessory_articulation
amphibanat
Paired, additional vertebral articulations located medial to the intervertebral space, adjacent to the vertebral centrum.
AAO:Cannatella_1985
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Cannatella_1985
fissura_sagittalis
amphibanat
Medial groove in the longitudinal ridge of the urostyle formed by the incomplete dorsal fusion of the caudal neural arches.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
glenoid_end_of_clavicle
amphibanat
Lateral end of the clavicle, which usually lies in close proximity to the pars acromialis of the scapula, and occassionally may fuse to it.
AAO:Cannatella_1985
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Cannatella_1985
extremitas glenoidalis
sternal_end_of_clavicle
amphibanat
medial end
Medial end of the clavicle, which usually lies on the ventral side of the epicoracoid cartilage, just posterior to the epicoracoid bridge.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
extremitas medialis
sulcus_pro_cartilagine_praecoracoidealis
amphibanat
Canal on the posterior aspect of the clavicle that accomodates the anterior margin of the procoracoid cartilage.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
glenoid_head_of_coracoid
amphibanat
Lateral end of the coracoid, which forms the medial portion of the glenoid fossa.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
intumescentia_glenoidalis
sternal_head_of_coracoid
amphibanat
pars epicoracoidealis
Medial end of the coracoid, which is synchondrotically fused to the epicoracoid cartilage.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
margo_fenestralis
amphibanat
Anterior margin of the coracoid, which forms the posterior edge of the pectoral fenestra.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_posterior
amphibanat
Posterior margin of the coracoid.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_anterior_of_scapula
amphibanat
Anterior margin of the scapula.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_clavicularis
amphibanat
Inferior margin of the pars acromialis of the scapula, which articulates with the clavicule.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_posterior_of_scapula
amphibanat
Posterior margin of the scapula.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_suprascapularis
amphibanat
Superior margin of the scapula, which articulates with the suprascapula.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pars_suprascapularis
amphibanat
Superior portion of the scapula, which is thinner than the rest of the shaft.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
sinus_interglenoidalis
amphibanat
Notch or indentation between the pars glenoidalis and pars acromialis of the scapula.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
tenuitas_cristaeformis
amphibanat
Leading (anterior) portion of the scapula, which is thinner than the rest of the shaft.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
crista_longitudinalis
amphibanat
Longitudinal ridge on the medial (inner) face of the scapula.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
acromion
amphibanat
Anterior rounded projection of the pars acromialis of the scapula.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_anterior_of_cleithrum
amphibanat
Anterior margin of the anterior ramus of the cleithrum.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_posterior_of_cleithrum
amphibanat
Posterior margin of the posterior ramus of the cleithrum.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_scapularis
amphibanat
Lateral margin of the suprascapula, which articulates with the scapula.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
margo_vertebralis
amphibanat
Medial margin of the suprascapula, which lies dorsal to the vertebral column.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
spina_acromioidea
amphibanat
Small process of the lamina recurvata that extends laterally toward the scapular-suprascapular articulation.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
anterior_lamina_recurvata
amphibanat
Portion of the anterior ramus of the cleithrum that invest the anterior margin of the suprascapula, extending onto its dorsal surface.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
sinus_dorsalis
amphibanat
Notch or indentation between the anterior and posterior rami of the cleithrum.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
posterior_lamina_recurvata
amphibanat
Portion of the posterior ramus of the cleithrum that invests the posterior margin of the suprascapula, extending onto its dorsal surface.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
glenoid_head
amphibanat
caput humeri
Hemispherical ball on the proximal end of the humerus that fits into the glenoid cavity of the pectoral girdle to form the shoulder joint.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
crista_lateralis
amphibanat
Ridge on the lateral aspect of the humeral shaft located just anterior to the radial (lateral) epicondyle.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
crista_medialis
amphibanat
Ridge on the medial aspect of the humeral shaft that extends from the level of the middle portion of the shaft to ulnar (medial) epicondyle.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
humeral_head
amphibanat
Hemispherical ball located at the lower end of the humerus that stands out prominently from the surrounding structures toward the flexor surface of the forelimb and fits into the socket joint of the olecranon process.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
radial condyle
eminentia capitata
crista_radii
amphibanat
Small ridge on the lateral aspect of the radial shaft, located at the level of the collum antibrachii.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
capitulum_of_radius
amphibanat
Lateral portion of the proximal (upper) articular surface of the radius that consists of an eminence with a rounded apex.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
capitulum_radii
amphibanat
Small eminence on the distal articular head of the radius.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
capitulum_ulnae
amphibanat
Small eminence on the distal articular head of the ulna.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
olecranon
amphibanat
Large and thick process situated at the proximal (upper) end of the ulna. Its inner face forms the medial articular surface that articulates with the humeral head.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
ulnar_process
sulcus_longitudinalis
amphibanat
In a fused radio-ulna, longitudinal furrow that demarcates the area of fusion of both elements. This sulcus is deep in the distal portion of the compound bone, but barely evident or absent at the proximal end.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
ulnare
amphibanat
One of two element that constitute the basal row of carpals. It articulates with the ulna, radius, radiale, centrale (element Y), and carpal 5(4). This element originates from one condensation center or the fusion of two elements (ulnare and intermedium). Occasionally it may fuse to carpal 5(4), the radiale, or other elements.
AAO:Fabrezi_1992
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1992
AAO:Francis_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1994
AAO:Fabrezi_and_Alberch_1996
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_and_Alberch_1996
element_Y_of_fore_mesopodium
amphibanat
Oval carpal element that is located on the anteromedial side of the radiale and the anterolateral side of the ulnare. Anteriorly, it articulates with carpals 1 through 4 (or 2 through 5 according to some authors). It is also recognized as centrale by some authors. This element originates from one, two, or three condensation centers. Occasionally it may fuse to carpal 2(1), carpal 3(2), the ulnare, or other elements.
AAO:Fabrezi_1992
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1992
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
AAO:Fabrezi_and_Alberch_1996
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_and_Alberch_1996
distal_carpal
amphibanat
basale
Series of elements that articulate with the metacarpals.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
carpal_2(1)
amphibanat
Small element that articulates with the prepollex, metacarpal II(I) and metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to element Y or carpal 3(2).
AAO:Fabrezi_1992
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1992
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
carpal_3(2)
amphibanat
Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to carpals 2(1), 4(3), 5(4), or other elements.
AAO:Fabrezi_1992
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1992
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
carpal_4(3)
amphibanat
Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(III). It may be fused to carpal 3(2), 5(4), or other elements.
AAO:Fabrezi_1992
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1992
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
carpal_5(4)
amphibanat
Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(V). It may be fused to carpal 4(3), 5(4), the ulnare, radiale, or other elements.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
AAO:Fabrezi_1992
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1992
prepollex
amphibanat
Two or more elements located ventral and medial to the metacarpal of digit II(I). The proximal prepollex is small and round whereas distal prepollex 1 is usually large and wedge-shaped. When more elements are present, they are smaller than previous elements.
AAO:Fabrezi_and_Alberch_1996
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_and_Alberch_1996
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
cartilago_pre-pollicis
metacarpal_II(I)
amphibanat
Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with the prepollex and carpal 2(1) or carpal 2+3(1+2) proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit II(I) distally.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
AAO:Fabrezi_1992
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1992
metacarpal_III(II)
amphibanat
Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with carpal 3(2) proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit III(II) distally.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
AAO:Fabrezi_1992
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1992
metacarpal_V(IV)
amphibanat
Dumb-bell shaped bones of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with carpal 5(4) proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit V(IV) distally.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
AAO:Fabrezi_1992
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1992
intercalary_element_of_fore_digit
amphibanat
Small elements of endochondral origin present in all digits of the manus. Each intercalary element articulates with the anteroventral end of the penultimate phalanx proximally and the distal phalanx distally.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
fore_digit
amphibanat
One of the fingers of the manus.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
forelimb_opening
amphibanat
foramen_perforans_carpi
amphibanat
Opening for the passage of the perforans carpi artery from the ventral to the dorsal side. It perforates the compound ulnare + intermedium.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
ischium
amphibanat
Paired bones of endochondral origin that constitute the posterior elements of the pelvic girdle. They are synostotically fused to each other and form the posterior part of the acetabulum.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
pubis
amphibanat
cartilago remanens
Paired, cartilaginous (ocassionally calcified) elements that form the ventral portion of the pelvic girdle. Each is located ventral to the acetabulum between the anteroventral margin of the ischium and the posteroventral margin of the illium. When the element calcifies or ossifies, its articulation with adjacent elements is difficult to distinguish. Both pubes are synchondrotically fused to one another.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
pubo-ischium
amphibanat
Composite element formed by the fusion of the ischium and pubis.
AAO:Francis_1943
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1943
ilio-pubis
obturator_foramen
amphibanat
Small opening for the passage of the obturatorius nerve that perforates the pubis.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
acetabular_rim
amphibanat
Cartilaginous ring that forms the entire acetabular margin.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
epileon
amphibanat
Dorsal extremity of the ilial shaft, which remains cartilaginous.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
agger_limitans_anterior
amphibanat
Shelf-like expansion of the ilial corpus that forms the anterior border of the acetabulum.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
agger_limitans_posterior
amphibanat
Shelf-like expansion of the ischium that forms the posterior border of the acetabulum.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
supra-acetabular_expansion
amphibanat
Dorsal portion of the ilial corpus, located above the acetabulum.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
pars ascendens ilei
dorsal acetabular expansion
ilial_protuberance
amphibanat
Small, dorsolaterally projecting knob located just anterior to the supra-acetabular expansion and about the level of the anterior border of the acetabulum.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
dorsal protuberance
tuber_superior
preacetabular_expansion
amphibanat
Ventral portion of the ilial corpus, located anteroventral to the acetabulum.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
ventral acetabular expansion
pars descendens ilei
fossula_tuberis_superioris
amphibanat
Small depression dorsal to the proximal portion of the collum ilei and ventral to the ilial protuberance.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
collum_ilei
amphibanat
Cyllindrical pillar that originates anterior to the acetabulum and extends to the ilial shaft.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
pars_cylindriformis_ilei
amphibanat
Elongate, cylindrical structure on the ventral side of the shaft of the ilium that extends through its entire length.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
crista_ischii
amphibanat
Crest on the posterior side of the ischium, which may also extend to the posteroventral aspect of pubis.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
spina_pelvis_posterior
amphibanat
Small, rounded process on the anterodorsal margin of the ischium, just posterior to the area of articulation with the ilium.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
spina_pelvis_anterior
amphibanat
Small, rounded process on the anteroventral margin of the preacetabular expansion of the ilial corpus.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
intumescentia_bilateralis_inferior
amphibanat
Small protuberance on the ischium, located close to its posteroventral margin.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
intumescentia_bilateralis_superior
amphibanat
Small protuberance on the ischium, located at the level of the superior margin of the acetabulum and close to its posterior margin.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
incisura_terminalis
amphibanat
Small indentation on the posterior margin of the ischium, ventral to the intumescentia bilateralis superior.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
crista_hypertrophica
amphibanat
Large protuberance on the dorsal aspect of the ischium that extends from the ischio-ilium articulation to the spina pelvis posterior.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
lamina_terminalis
amphibanat
In those cases in which the interilial region is broadly expanded and the pubis is extremely reduced, the anterior margin of the ischium forms an expanded area.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
interilial_region
amphibanat
Area of convergence of the ilial shafts. When the preacetabular ilium is narrow, the interilial configuration is V-shaped or narrowly rounded, whereas when the interilial region is broadly expanded the interilial configuration is U-shaped.
AAO:Baez_and_Trueb_1997
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Baez_and_Trueb_1997
recessus_coccygealis
amphibanat
Area dorsal to the pelvic girdle symphysis, between the dorsal portions of the ilial corpora, where lies the posterior terminus of the urostyle.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
epipubis
amphibanat
Small prepubic element formed by a plate of cartilage (which may calcify in the adult) that is synchondrotically united with the pubis.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
postpubis
amphibanat
Paired cartilaginous rods that lie within the copulatory organ (or so-called tail) and are attached to the posteroventral part of the pelvic girdle.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
Nobelian bone
ypsiloid_cartilage
amphibanat
cartilago ypsiloides
cartilago ypsiloidea
Y-shaped cartilage lying in the middle line, anterior to the pubo-ischium with which it articulates. It lies dorsal to the rectus abdominis muscle with which it articulates.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
abdominal sternum
cartilago marsupial
Cartilago epipubes
hind_propodium
amphibanat
Segment of the hindleg corresponding to the humerus.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
hind_digit
amphibanat
One of the toes of the pes.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
femur
amphibanat
Paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that form the thighs, extending from the pelvic girdles to the knees.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
tibia
amphibanat
One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the hind-epipodium; it is a straight, simple bone whose section is more or less rectangular at the ends and circular at its central portion.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
fibula
amphibanat
One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the hind-epipodium; it is a rather more slender bone than the tibia but of about the same length.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
acetabular_head
amphibanat
caput femoris
Proximal head of the femur, which articulates with the acetabulum.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
distal_head
amphibanat
Head of the femur that articulates with the tibia and fibula.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
femoral_ridge
amphibanat
crista femoris
Low crest that arises just behind the acetabular head and extends distally for about one-third the length of the femoral shaft.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
trochlear_groove_of_femur
amphibanat
Canal on the posteroventral surface of the acetabular head, which articulates with the ischial process on the rim of the acetabulum.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
foveal_depression
amphibanat
Ovoid roughened pit situated on the dorsal and anteroventral surface of the acetabular head wherein the ligaments attaching the bone to the acetabulum are inserted.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
femoral_trochanter
amphibanat
Process on the ventral surface of the shaft of the femur.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
trochanteric_crest
amphibanat
Paired ridges on the ventral surface of the femoral shaft that run toward the femoral trochanter; the posterior crest is less developed.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
tibial_condyle
amphibanat
Convex articular facet of the distal head of the femur that articulates with the proximal head of the tibia.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
fibular_condyle
amphibanat
Convex articular facet of the distal head of the femur that articulates with the proximal head of the fibula.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
radio-ulna
amphibanat
Paired, long bones of endochondral origin formed by the fusion of the radius and ulna.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
tibiofibula
amphibanat
os cruris
Paired, endochondral bones formed by the fusion of the tibia and fibula. They form the shanks, extending from the knees to the ankles.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
tibial_crest
amphibanat
Ridge that arises from the dorso-masial side of the extensor surface of the tibia. It receives the insertion of the tendon of the extensor ilio-tibialis muscle.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
apophysis_distalis_of_tibiofibula
amphibanat
Swelling on the extensor surface of the distal head of the tibiofibula.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
caput_ossis_cruris
amphibanat
Proximal head of the tibiofibula that articulates with the distal head of the femur.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
sulcus_pro_musculo_extensori_cruris_brevis
amphibanat
Small canal on the proximal head of to the tibiofibula, lateral to the apophysis distalis, for the insertion of the cruris brevis muscle.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
eminentia_arcuata
amphibanat
Small crest on the extensor surface of the proximal head of the tibiofibula (tibial side).
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
sulcus_distalis_ossis_cruris
amphibanat
In a fused tibiofibula, longitudinal furrow in the distal portion of the compound bone that demarcates the area of fusion of both elements.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
sulcus_proximalis_ossis_cruris
amphibanat
In a fused tibiofibula, longitudinal furrow in the proximal portion of the compound bone that demarcates the area of fusion of both elements.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
hind_limb_opening
amphibanat
foramen_nutritium_exterius
amphibanat
Foramen for the tibial artery and vein and the deep peroneal nerve; it pierces through the midpoint of the shaft of the tibiofibula.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
tibiale
amphibanat
One of two element that constitute the basal row of tarsals. The tibiale constitutes the postaxial element. In salamanders this element is aproximatelly rounded, whereas in anurans it is an elongate, cylindrical bone with the proximal and distal heads fused to the heads of the fibulare.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
calcaneus
fibulare
amphibanat
astragalus
One of two element that constitute the basal row of tarsals. The fibulare constitutes the preaxial element. In salamanders this element is aproximatelly rounded, whereas in anurans it is an elongate, cylindrical bone with the proximal and distal heads fused to the heads of the tibiale.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
distal_tarsal
amphibanat
Series of elements that articulate with the metatarsals.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
spatium_intertarsale
amphibanat
Separation of the tibiale and fibulare along their longitudinal axia.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
apophysis_proximalis
amphibanat
Swelling on the extensor surface of the proximal compound head of the tibiale and fibulare.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
apophysis_distalis_of_tibiale_fibulare
amphibanat
Swelling on the extensor surface of the distal compound head of the tibiale and fibulare.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
tarsal_1
amphibanat
Small element that articulates with the prehallux, metatarsal I and element Y. It may be fused to tarsal 2.
AAO:Fabrezi_1993
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1993
AAO:Fancis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fancis_1934
tarsal_2
amphibanat
Small element that articulates anteriorly with metatarsal II. It may be fused to tarsal 1 or to tarsal 3.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
AAO:Fabrezi_1993
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1993
tarsal_3
amphibanat
Small element that articulates anteriorly with metatarsal III. It may be fused to tarsal 2.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
AAO:Fabrezi_1993
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1993
element_Y_of_hind_mesopodium
amphibanat
Oval tarsal element that is located on the anteromedial side of the tibiale. Anteriorly, it articulates with the proximal prehallux, tarsals 1, 2, and 3.
AAO:Fabrezi_1993
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1993
prehallux
amphibanat
One to three or four elements located ventral and medial to the metatarsal of digit I. When more than one elements are present, they are smaller than the proximal prehallux.
AAO:Fabrezi_1993
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1993
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
intermedium
amphibanat
Small, wedge-shaped tarsal element of which the thiner edge projects between the tibia and fibula, thus separating the distal ends of this two bones. Distally, it articulates with the centrale, fibulare, and tibiale.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
centrale
amphibanat
Oval tarsal element that is located on the center of the mesopodium. It articulates with all other elements of the tarsus except tarsal 5.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
metatarsal_I
amphibanat
Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with the prepollex and tarsal 1 proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit I distally.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
AAO:Fabrezi_1993
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1993
metatarsal_II
amphibanat
Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with tarsal 2 proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit II distally.
AAO:Fabrezi_1993
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1993
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
metatarsal_III
amphibanat
Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with tarsal 3 proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit III distally.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
AAO:Fabrezi_1993
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1993
metatarsal_IV
amphibanat
Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with tarsal 4 or the distal head of the tibiale-fibulare proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit IV distally.
AAO:Fabrezi_1993
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1993
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
metatarsal_V
amphibanat
Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with tarsal 5 or the distal head of the tibiale-fibulare proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit V distally.
AAO:Fabrezi_1993
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1993
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
phalanges_of_hind_digit
amphibanat
Dumb-bell shaped bones of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that make the five digits of the pes. The terminal phalanges are much smaller than the proximal and penultimate phalanges. The typical phalangeal formula of the pes, in a medial to lateral sequence, is 2(1)-2-3-4(3)-3(2).
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
intercalary_element_of_hind_digit
amphibanat
Small elements of endochondral origin present in all digits of the pes. Each intercalary element articulates with the anteroventral end of the penultimate phalanx proximally and the distal phalanx distally.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
tarsal_4
amphibanat
Small element that articulates anteriorly with metatarsal IV. It may be absent in some taxa.
AAO:Fabrezi_1993
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Fabrezi_1993
tarsal_5
amphibanat
Small element that articulates anteriorly with metatarsal V. It may be absent in some taxa.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
foramen_perforans_tarsi
amphibanat
Small opening between the centrale and fibulare that allows the perforans tarsi artery to pass from the ventral to the dorsal side of the ankle.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
scapular_area
amphibanat
pars scapularis
scapula et adscapulum
scapula-suprascapula area
Dorso-lateral portion of the pectoral girdle.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
scapulum et episcapulum
zonal_element
amphibanat
All those parts of the pectoral girdle in the central region of the zonal area.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
prezonal_element
amphibanat
All those parts of the pectoral girdle that lie anterior to the zonal area.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
postzonal_element
amphibanat
All those parts of the pectoral girdle that lies posterior to the zonal area.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
mesosternum
amphibanat
Proximal portion of the sternum, usually elaborated into a stylum that may be ossified.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
xiphisternum
amphibanat
Distal, cartilaginous portion of the sternum.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
metasternum
arciferal_girdle
amphibanat
Pectoral girdle in which the epicoracoid cartilages are elaborated into posteriorly directed epicoracoid horns. Most arciferal pectoral girdles are characterized by fusion of the epicoracoid cartilages in the interclavicle region. Posterior to the clavicles, the epicoracoids usually are free and overlapping.
AAO:Griffiths_1959
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Griffiths_1959
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
firmisternal_girdle
amphibanat
Pectoral girdle that lacks epicoracoid horns. The sternum is fused to the pectoral arch, and the epicoracoid cartilages of each half of the girdle are fused to one another. The midzonal length of the girdle is shorter than that of an arciferal girdle, but pre- and postzonal elements tend to be longer.
AAO:Griffiths_1959
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Griffiths_1959
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
pseudofirmisternal_girdle
amphibanat
Modified arciferal pectoral girdle in which the fusion of the epicoracoid cartilages in the interclavicle region is extended posteriorly. Thus, the cartilages no longer overlap freely, and functionally a partially firmisternal condition is created.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
pseudoarciferal_girdle
amphibanat
Modified firmisternal pectoral girdle in which the epicoracoid cartilages are partly free and overlapping; however, the epicoracoids are fused to one another and the sternum postermodially.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
inscriptional_rib
amphibanat
abdominal ribs
Three pairs of cartilaginous elements posterior to the sternum that lie in the myosepta of the ventral trunk musculature.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
fore_metapodium
amphibanat
Segment of the forearm corresponding to the metacarpus, which articulates with the carpals at one end and with the phalanges at the other end.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
phalanges_of_fore_digit
amphibanat
Dumb-bell shaped bones of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that make the four digits of the manus. The terminal phalanges are much smaller than the proximal and penultimate phalanges. The typical phalangeal formula of the manus, in a medial to lateral sequence, is 2-2-3-3.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
articular_process
amphibanat
Paired processes located on the anterior end of the cricoid cartilage.
AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Maglia_et_al_2007
processus articularis anterior
posterior_ramus_of_cleithrum
amphibanat
Laminar subdivision of the cleithrum that extends along the ventral (lateral) midbody of the suprascapula.
AAO:Trueb_1973
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Trueb_1973
os_triangulare
amphibanat
basi-branchial II
os triquetum
os thyroideum
Small, broadly triangular bar of bone lying across the ventral side of the pharynx at the junction of the M. genio-hyoideus and the M. rectus cervicis superficialis.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
sternum
anterior_radial
amphibanat
Paired, horn-like processes of basibranchial I that protrude in an antero-dorso-lateral direction, being more or less embedded in the tongue musculature. These elements contitute the hypohyals.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
posterior_radial
amphibanat
Paired, horn-like processes of basibranchial I that protrude in an antero-dorso-lateral direction, being more or less embedded in the tongue musculature. They arise secondarily during metamorphosis, and are therefore not strictly part of the visceral skeleton.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
ceratobranchials_II--IV
amphibanat
Paired bars that articulate with hypobranchial II. Reduction of loss of these elements is common in salamanders.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
epibranchials
hypobranchial_I
amphibanat
Paired bar that articulates with basibranchial I. It forms the anterior portion of the posterior cornu of the hyoid.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
ceratobranchial_I
amphibanat
epibranchial
Paired bar that articulates with, or is fused to, hypobranchial I. It forms the posterior portion of the posterior cornu of the hyoid.
AAO:Francis_1934
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Francis_1934
hypobranchial_II
amphibanat
Paired bar that articulates anteriorly with basibranchial I and posteriorly with ceratobranchials II--IV.
AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_Duellman_and_Trueb_1994
basihyal
amphibanat
Paired, anterior element that articulates medially with basibranchial I and posterolaterally with the paired hypohyals.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP
hypohyal
amphibanat
Paired element that articulates anterioly with the basihyal and posteriorly with the ceratohyal hypohyals.
AAO:LAP
http://purl.org/obo/owl/AAO#AAO_LAP