Relation
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system.
comment: A reference to a related resource.

Description
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An account of the content of the resource.
description: Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content.

Contributor
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource.
description: Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.

Language
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A language of the intellectual content of the resource.
description: Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066], which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two- and three-letter primary language tags with optional subtags. Examples include "en" or "eng" for English, "akk" for Akkadian, and "en-GB" for English used in the United Kingdom.

Resource Type
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: The nature or genre of the content of the resource.
description: Type includes terms describing general categories, functions, genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]). To describe the physical or digital manifestation of the resource, use the Format element.

Source
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived.
description: The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system.

Creator
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource.
description: Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity.

Publisher
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An entity responsible for making the resource available
description: Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity.

Subject and Keywords
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: The topic of the content of the resource.
description: Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords, key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal classification scheme.

Coverage
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Coverage will typically include spatial location (a place name or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label, date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a named administrative entity). Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]) and that, where appropriate, named places or time periods be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges.
comment: The extent or scope of the content of the resource.

Resource Identifier
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
description: Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. Example formal identification systems include the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the International Standard Book Number (ISBN).

Date
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource.
description: Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended best practice for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format.

Format
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: The physical or digital manifestation of the resource.
description: Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of the resource. Format may be used to determine the software, hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media Types [MIME] defining computer media formats).

Title
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known.
comment: A name given to the resource.

Rights Management
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Typically, a Rights element will contain a rights management statement for the resource, or reference a service providing such information. Rights information often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Copyright, and various Property Rights. If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions can be made about the status of these and other rights with respect to the resource.
comment: Information about rights held in and over the resource.

part_of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has OBO namespace: caro

anatomical entity
type: Class
subclass of: IndependentContinuant
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

anatomical structure
type: Class
subclass of: material anatomical entity
disjoint with: portion of organism substance
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

portion of organism substance
type: Class
subclass of: material anatomical entity
subclass of: FiatObjectPart
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Definition
  label: Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

anatomical space
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial anatomical entity
disjoint with: anatomical line
disjoint with: anatomical point
disjoint with: anatomical surface
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Definition
  label: Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

material anatomical entity
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical entity
disjoint with: immaterial anatomical entity
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Anatomical entity that has mass.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

immaterial anatomical entity
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical entity
subclass of: Site
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Anatomical entity that has no mass.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

anatomical line
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial anatomical entity
disjoint with: anatomical point
disjoint with: anatomical surface
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

anatomical point
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial anatomical entity
disjoint with: anatomical surface
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

anatomical surface
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial anatomical entity
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

anatomical system
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical group
subclass of: ObjectAggregate
disjoint with: anatomical cluster
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

multi-cellular organism
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
subclass of: Object
disjoint with: cell
disjoint with: cell component
disjoint with: compound organ
disjoint with: organism subdivision
disjoint with: acellular anatomical structure
disjoint with: extraembryonic structure
disjoint with: portion of tissue
disjoint with: anatomical group
disjoint with: multi-tissue structure
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

cell
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
subclass of: Object
disjoint with: cell component
disjoint with: compound organ
disjoint with: organism subdivision
disjoint with: acellular anatomical structure
disjoint with: extraembryonic structure
disjoint with: portion of tissue
disjoint with: anatomical group
disjoint with: multi-tissue structure
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH
has db xref: GO:0005623
  type: DbXref
  has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005623
has db xref: GO:0005623
  type: DbXref
  has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005623

cell component
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
subclass of: Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cell
disjoint with: compound organ
disjoint with: organism subdivision
disjoint with: acellular anatomical structure
disjoint with: extraembryonic structure
disjoint with: portion of tissue
disjoint with: anatomical group
disjoint with: multi-tissue structure
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

compound organ component
type: Class
subclass of: multi-tissue structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: compound organ
disjoint with: simple organ
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

simple organ
type: Class
subclass of: multi-tissue structure
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

compound organ
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
disjoint with: organism subdivision
disjoint with: acellular anatomical structure
disjoint with: extraembryonic structure
disjoint with: portion of tissue
disjoint with: anatomical group
disjoint with: multi-tissue structure
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Definition
  label: Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

male organism
type: Class
subclass of: gonochoristic organism
disjoint with: female organism
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

female organism
type: Class
subclass of: gonochoristic organism
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

hermaphroditic organism
type: Class
subclass of: multi-cellular organism
disjoint with: asexual organism
disjoint with: gonochoristic organism
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH
has related synonym: dioecious organism

asexual organism
type: Class
subclass of: multi-cellular organism
disjoint with: gonochoristic organism
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Multi-cellular organism that does not produce gametes.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

organism subdivision
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
subclass of: FiatObjectPart
disjoint with: acellular anatomical structure
disjoint with: extraembryonic structure
disjoint with: portion of tissue
disjoint with: anatomical group
disjoint with: multi-tissue structure
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

acellular anatomical structure
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
disjoint with: extraembryonic structure
disjoint with: portion of tissue
disjoint with: anatomical group
disjoint with: multi-tissue structure
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

anatomical cluster
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical group
subclass of: ObjectAggregate
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

extraembryonic structure
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
disjoint with: portion of tissue
disjoint with: anatomical group
disjoint with: multi-tissue structure
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

portion of tissue
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
disjoint with: anatomical group
disjoint with: multi-tissue structure
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

sequential hermaphroditic organism
type: Class
subclass of: hermaphroditic organism
disjoint with: synchronous hermaphroditic organism
has OBO namespace: caro
has related synonym: consecutive hermaphroditic organism
has definition: Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

synchronous hermaphroditic organism
type: Class
subclass of: hermaphroditic organism
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH
has related synonym: serially hermaphroditic organism

gonochoristic organism
type: Class
subclass of: multi-cellular organism
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH
has related synonym: monoecious organism

protandrous hermaphroditic organism
type: Class
subclass of: sequential hermaphroditic organism
disjoint with: protogynous hermaphroditic organism
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Sequential hermaphroditic organism that producesngametes first of the male sex, and then later of thenfemale sex.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

protogynous hermaphroditic organism
type: Class
subclass of: sequential hermaphroditic organism
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Sequential hermaphroditic organism that producesngametes first of the female sex, and then later of thenmale sex.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

anatomical group
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
subclass of: ObjectAggregate
disjoint with: multi-tissue structure
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Definition
  label: Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

multi-tissue structure
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Definition
  label: Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

cell space
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical space
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Anatomical space that is part of a cell.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:mah
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_mah

portion of cell substance
type: Class
subclass of: portion of organism substance
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Portion of organism substance located within a cell.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:mah
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_mah

single cell organism
type: Class
subclass of: cell
disjoint with: epithelial cell
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Cell that is an individual member of a species.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

basal lamina
type: Class
subclass of: acellular anatomical structure
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Definition
  label: Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue.
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of tissue
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

simple cuboidal epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: unilaminar epithelium
disjoint with: simple columnar epithlium
disjoint with: simple squamous epithelium
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

simple columnar epithlium
type: Class
subclass of: unilaminar epithelium
disjoint with: simple squamous epithelium
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

multilaminar epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: epithelium
disjoint with: atypical epithelium
disjoint with: unilaminar epithelium
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

simple squamous epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: unilaminar epithelium
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

atypical epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: epithelium
disjoint with: unilaminar epithelium
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

cavitated compound organ
type: Class
subclass of: compound organ
disjoint with: solid compound organ
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

unilaminar epithelium
type: Class
subclass of: epithelium
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

solid compound organ
type: Class
subclass of: compound organ
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

epithelial cell
type: Class
subclass of: cell
has OBO namespace: caro
has definition: Cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity.
  type: Definition
  has db xref: CARO:MAH
    type: DbXref
    has URI: http://purl.org/obo/owl/CARO#CARO_MAH

entity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: continuant
  union of: occurrent

continuant
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: dependent_continuant
  union of: independent_continuant
  union of: spatial_region
subclass of: entity
disjoint with: occurrent
comment: Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
comment: Examples: a heart, a person, the color of a tomato, the mass of a cloud, a symphony orchestra, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building
comment: Synonyms: endurant

dependent_continuant
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: generically_dependent_continuant
  union of: specifically_dependent_continuant
subclass of: continuant
disjoint with: independent_continuant
disjoint with: spatial_region
comment: Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities.

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable_entity
disjoint with: function
disjoint with: role
comment: Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] that essentially causes a specific process or transformation in the object [snap:Object] in which it inheres, under specific circumstances and in conjunction with the laws of nature. A general formula for dispositions is: X (object [snap:Object] has the disposition D to (transform, initiate a process) R under conditions C.
comment: Examples: the disposition of vegetables to decay when not refrigerated, the disposition of a vase to brake if dropped, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of a patient with a weakened immune system to contract disease, the disposition of metal to conduct electricity.

fiat_object_part
type: Class
subclass of: independent_continuant
disjoint with: object
disjoint with: object_aggregate
disjoint with: object_boundary
disjoint with: site
comment: Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is part of an object [snap:Object] but is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities.
comment: Examples: upper and lower lobes of the left lung, the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body, the east side of Saarbruecken, the lower right portion of a human torso
comment: Synonyms: fiat substance part

function
type: Class
subclass of: realizable_entity
disjoint with: role
comment: Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which is an essentially end-directed activity of a continuant [snap:Continuant] entity in virtue of that continuant [snap:Continuant] entity being a specific kind of entity in the kind or kinds of contexts that it is made for.
comment: Examples: the function of a birth canal to enable transport, the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood, to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood, etc., the function of reproduction in the transmission of genetic material, the digestive function of the stomach to nutriate the body, the function of a hammer to drive in nails, the function of a computer program to compute mathematical equations, the function of an automobile to provide transportation, the function of a judge in a court of law

generically_dependent_continuant
type: Class
subclass of: dependent_continuant
disjoint with: specifically_dependent_continuant
comment: Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
comment: Examples: a certain PDF file that exists in different and in several hard drives

independent_continuant
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: fiat_object_part
  union of: object
  union of: object_aggregate
  union of: object_boundary
  union of: site
subclass of: continuant
disjoint with: spatial_region
comment: Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is a bearer of quality [snap:Quality] and realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
comment: Examples: an organism, a heart, a leg, a person, a symphony orchestra, a chair, the bottom right portion of a human torso, the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building
comment: Synonyms: substantial entity

object
type: Class
subclass of: independent_continuant
disjoint with: object_aggregate
disjoint with: object_boundary
disjoint with: site
comment: Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is spatially extended, maximally self-connected and self-contained (the parts of a substance are not separated from each other by spatial gaps) and possesses an internal unity. The identity of substantial object [snap:Object] entities is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
comment: Examples: an organism, a heart, a chair, a lung, an apple
comment: Synonyms: substance

object_aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: independent_continuant
disjoint with: object_boundary
disjoint with: site
comment: Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is a mereological sum of separate object [snap:Object] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries.
comment: Examples: a heap of stones, a group of commuters on the subway, a collection of random bacteria, a flock of geese, the patients in a hospital
comment: Synonyms: substance aggregate

object_boundary
type: Class
subclass of: independent_continuant
disjoint with: site
comment: Comment: Boundaries are theoretically difficult entities to account for, however the intuitive notion of a physical boundary as a surface of some sort (whether inside or outside of a thing) will generally serve as a good guide for the use of this universal.
comment: Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is a lower dimensional part of a spatial entity, normally a closed two-dimensional surface. Boundaries are those privileged parts of object [snap:Object] entities that exist at exactly the point where the object [snap:Object] is separated off from the rest of the existing entities in the world.
comment: Examples: the surface of the skin, the surface of the earth, the surface of the interior of the stomach, the outer surface of a cell or cell wall
comment: Synonyms: substance boundary

one_dimensional_region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial_region
disjoint with: three_dimensional_region
disjoint with: two_dimensional_region
disjoint with: zero_dimensional_region
comment: Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with one dimension.
comment: Examples: the part of space that is a line stretching from one end of absolute space to the other, an edge of a cube-shaped part of space

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically_dependent_continuant
disjoint with: realizable_entity
comment: Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property).
comment: Examples: the color of a tomato, the ambient temperature of air, the circumference of a waist, the shape of a nose, the mass of a piece of gold, the weight of a chimpanzee

realizable_entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically_dependent_continuant
comment: Comment: If a realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] inheres in a continuant [snap:Continuant], this does not imply that it is actually realized.
comment: Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that inheres in continuant [snap:Continuant] entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
comment: Examples: the role of being a doctor, the function of the reproductive organs, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of metal to conduct electricity

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable_entity
comment: Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant [snap:Continuant] in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant [snap:Continuant] in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
comment: Examples: the role of a person as a surgeon, the role of a chemical compound in an experiment, the role of a patient relative as defined by a hospital administrative form, the role of a woman as a legal mother in the context of system of laws, the role of a biological grandfather as legal guardian in the context of a system of laws, the role of ingested matter in digestion, the role of a student in a university

site
type: Class
subclass of: independent_continuant
comment: Comment: An instance of Site [snap:Site] is a mixture of independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities which act as surrounding environments for other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities, most importantly for instances of object [snap:Object]. A site [snap:Site] is typically made of object [snap:Object] or fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart] entities and a surrounding medium in which is found an object [snap:Object] occupying the site [snap:Site]. Independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities may be associated with others (which, then, are sites) through a relation of "occupation". That relation is connected to, but distinct from, the relation of spatial location. Site [snap:Site] entities are not to be confused with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. In BFO, site [snap:Site] allows for a so-called relational view of space which is different from the view corresponding to the class spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] (see the comment on this class).
comment: Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape in relation to some arrangement of other continuant [snap:Continuant] entities and of the medium which is enclosed in whole or in part by this characteristic spatial shape. Site [snap:Site] entities are entities that can be occupied by other continuant [snap:Continuant] entities.
comment: Examples: a particular room in a particular hospital, Maria's nostril or her intestines for a variety of bacteria.

spatial_region
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: one_dimensional_region
  union of: three_dimensional_region
  union of: two_dimensional_region
  union of: zero_dimensional_region
subclass of: continuant
comment: Comment: All instances of continuant [snap:Continuant] are spatial entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatial) location with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatial location of a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is this region itself.
comment: Comment: An instance of spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is a part of space. All parts of space are spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities and only spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities are parts of space. Space is the entire extent of the spatial universe, a designated individual, which is thus itself a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion].
comment: Comment: Space and spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of space is sometimes called "absolutist" or "the container view". In BFO, the class site [snap:Site] allows for a so-called relational view of space, that is to say, a view according to which spatiality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to space. The bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that while instances of site [snap:Site] are not spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities, they are nevertheless spatial entities.
comment: Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is neither bearer of quality [snap:Quality] entities nor inheres in any other entities.
comment: Examples: the sum total of all space in the universe, parts of the sum total of all space in the universe

specifically_dependent_continuant
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: quality
  union of: realizable_entity
subclass of: dependent_continuant
comment: Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
comment: Examples: the mass of a cloud, the smell of mozzarella, the liquidity of blood, the color of a tomato, the disposition of fish to decay, the role of being a doctor, the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood, to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood, etc.
comment: Synonyms: property, trope, mode

three_dimensional_region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial_region
disjoint with: two_dimensional_region
disjoint with: zero_dimensional_region
comment: Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with three dimensions.
comment: Examples: a cube-shaped part of space, a sphere-shaped part of space

two_dimensional_region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial_region
disjoint with: zero_dimensional_region
comment: Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with two dimensions.
comment: Examples: the surface of a cube-shaped part of space, the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space, the surface of a rectilinear planar figure-shaped part of space

zero_dimensional_region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial_region
comment: Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with no dimensions.
comment: Examples: a point

connected_spatiotemporal_region
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: spatiotemporal_instant
  union of: spatiotemporal_interval
subclass of: spatiotemporal_region
disjoint with: scattered_spatiotemporal_region
comment: Definition: A space time region [span:SpaceTimeRegion] that has temporal and spatial dimensions such that all points within the spatiotemporal region are mediately or immediately connected to all other points within the same space time region [span:SpaceTimeRegion].
comment: Examples: the spatial and temporal location of an individual organism's life, the spatial and temporal location of the development of a fetus

connected_temporal_region
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: temporal_instant
  union of: temporal_interval
subclass of: temporal_region
disjoint with: scattered_temporal_region
comment: Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which.
comment: Examples: the 1970s years, the time from the beginning to the end of a heart attack, the time taken up by cellular meiosis

fiat_process_part
type: Class
subclass of: processual_entity
disjoint with: process
disjoint with: process_aggregate
disjoint with: process_boundary
disjoint with: processual_context
comment: Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is part of a process but that does not have bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities.
comment: Examples: chewing during a meal, the middle part of a rainstorm, the worst part of a heart-attack, the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life

occurrent
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: processual_entity
  union of: spatiotemporal_region
  union of: temporal_region
subclass of: entity
comment: Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants.
comment: Examples: the life of an organism, a surgical operation as processual context for a nosocomical infection, the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis, the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life, the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
comment: Synonyms: perdurant

process
type: Class
subclass of: processual_entity
disjoint with: process_aggregate
disjoint with: process_boundary
disjoint with: processual_context
comment: Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a maximally connected spatiotemporal whole and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities.
comment: Examples: the life of an organism, the process of sleeping, the process of cell-division

process_aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: processual_entity
disjoint with: process_boundary
disjoint with: processual_context
comment: Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a mereological sum of process [span:Process] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries.
comment: Examples: the beating of the hearts of each of seven individuals in the room, the playing of each of the members of an orchestra, a process of digestion and a process of thinking taken together

process_boundary
type: Class
subclass of: processual_entity
disjoint with: processual_context
comment: Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is the fiat or bona fide instantaneous temporal process boundary.
comment: Examples: birth, death, the forming of a synapse, the onset of REM sleep, the detaching of a finger in an industrial accident, the final separation of two cells at the end of cell-division, the incision at the beginning of a surgery

processual_context
type: Class
subclass of: processual_entity
comment: Comment: An instance of a processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is a mixture of processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] which stand as surrounding environments for other processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities. The class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is the analogous among occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities to the class site [snap:Site] among continuant [snap:Continuant] entities.
comment: Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape inhering in some arrangement of other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities. processual context [span:ProcessualContext] entities are characteristically entities at or in which other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities can be located or occur.
comment: Examples: The processual context for a given manipulation occurring as part of an experiment is made of processual entities which occur in parallel, are not necessarily all parts of the experiment themselves and may involve continuant [snap:Continuant] entities which are in the spatial vicinity of the participants in the experiment.

processual_entity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: fiat_process_part
  union of: process
  union of: process_aggregate
  union of: process_boundary
  union of: processual_context
subclass of: occurrent
disjoint with: spatiotemporal_region
disjoint with: temporal_region
comment: Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity.
comment: Examples: the life of an organism, the process of meiosis, the course of a disease, the flight of a bird

scattered_spatiotemporal_region
type: Class
subclass of: spatiotemporal_region
comment: Definition: A space time region [span:SpaceTimeRegion] that has spatial and temporal dimensions and every spatial and temporal point of which is not connected with every other spatial and temporal point of which.
comment: Examples: the space and time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup, the space and time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair

scattered_temporal_region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_region
comment: Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is not mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which.
comment: Examples: the time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup, the time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair

spatiotemporal_instant
type: Class
subclass of: connected_spatiotemporal_region
disjoint with: spatiotemporal_interval
comment: Definition: A connected space time region [span:ConnectedSpaceTimeRegion] at a specific moment.
comment: Examples: the space time region occupied by a single instantaneous temporal slice (part) of a process

spatiotemporal_interval
type: Class
subclass of: connected_spatiotemporal_region
comment: Definition: A connected space time region [span:ConnectedSpaceTimeRegion] that endures for more than a single moment of time.
comment: Examples: the space time region occupied by a process or by a fiat processual part

spatiotemporal_region
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: connected_spatiotemporal_region
  union of: scattered_spatiotemporal_region
subclass of: occurrent
disjoint with: temporal_region
comment: Comment: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are spatiotemporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatiotemporal) location with spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] is this region itself.
comment: Comment: An instance of the spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] is a part of spacetime. All parts of spacetime are spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities and only spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are parts of spacetime. In particular, neither spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities nor temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are in BFO parts of spacetime. Spacetime is the entire extent of the spatiotemporal universe, a designated individual, which is thus itself a spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion]. Spacetime is among occurrents the analogous of space among continuant [snap:Continuant] entities.
comment: Comment: Spacetime and spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of spacetime can be called "absolutist" or "the container view". In BFO, the class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] allows for a so-called relational view of spacetime, that is to say, a view according to which spatiotemporality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to spacetime. In BFO, the bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that instances of processual context [span:ProcessualContext] are too spatiotemporal entities.
comment: Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] at or in which processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities can be located.
comment: Examples: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life, the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor, the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis

temporal_instant
type: Class
subclass of: connected_temporal_region
disjoint with: temporal_interval
comment: Definition: A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] comprising a single moment of time.
comment: Examples: right now, the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident, the moment at which a child is born, the moment of death

temporal_interval
type: Class
subclass of: connected_temporal_region
comment: Definition: A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] lasting for more than a single moment of time.
comment: Examples: any continuous temporal duration during which a process occurs

temporal_region
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: connected_temporal_region
  union of: scattered_temporal_region
subclass of: occurrent
comment: Comment: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are temporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (temporal) location with temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is this region itself. Continuant [snap:Continuant] entities are not temporal entities in the technical sense just explained; they are related to time in a different way, not through temporal location but through a relation of existence at a time or during a period of time (see continuant [snap:Continuant].
comment: Comment: An instance of temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is a part of time. All parts of time are temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities and only temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are parts of time. Time is the entire extent of the temporal universe, a designated individual, which is thus a temporal region itself.
comment: Comment: Time and temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of time can be called "absolutist" or "the container view" in analogy to what is traditionally the case with space (see spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion].
comment: Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that is part of time.
comment: Examples: the time it takes to run a marathon, the duration of a surgical procedure, the moment of death