body part movement
stationary movement
whole body movement
emotional behavior
affective behaviour
mood
Behavior related to the complex psychophysiological experience of an individual's state of mind as interacting with biochemical (internal) and environmental (external) influences.
reflexive behavior phenotype
pathological reflexive behaviour
Observable characteristic of behaviour related to involuntary movement in response to a stimulus.
learning and/or memory behavior
learning and/or memory behaviour
Behavior related to the acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.
mouth movement
rhythmic behavior
locomotory behavior phenotype
pathological locomotory behaviour
Observable characteristic of behavior associated with the specific movement from place to place of an organism.
reproductive behavior
Behavior related to the actions or interactions of an organism that are associated with reproduction.
reproductive behaviour
social behavior
social behaviour
A behavior that occurs predominantly or only, in individuals that are part of a group.
seizures/epilepsy
locomotory behavior
Behavior associated with the specific movement from place to place of an organism.
mating behavior
Behavior related to the interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating.
mating behaviour
aggressive behavior
aggression
agonism
aggressive behaviour
A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting damage on another individual using physical or verbal means.
jumping behavior
Behavior relate to the usually upward movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs.
biting
fear/anxiety related behavior
fear/anxiety related behaviour
Emotional behavior related to fear or anxiety.
licking
head movement
learning behavior
Behavior associated with any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.
learning behaviour
head shaking
Movement of the head in the horizontal plane.
sleeping behavior
Behavior related to the readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
seizures
An uncontrolled, paroxysmal neuronal discharge in any part of the brain; it may cause physical or mental symptoms and may be convulsive or nonconvulsive
epileptic seizure
unprovoked seizure
head rotation
grooming behavior
Behavior related to the cleaning or maintainance of one's body or appearance.
grooming behaviour
akinesia
Absence of voluntary movement.
bradykinesia
Reduction of voluntary movement.
hypokinesia
hyperactivity
A kinesthetic behavior which relatively increased.
hypoactivity
A kinesthetic behavior which relatively decreased.
paralysis
Loss of power of voluntary movement in a muscle through injury or disease of its nerve supply.
carpoptosis
Carpoptosis is most often caused by a lesion of the radial nerve.
Paralysis of the extensors of the wrist and fingers.
sexual activity
Behaviour related to the activity which primary purpose is the sexual reproduction.
emission behavior
behavioral control of production of sound
vocalization behavior
vocalization behaviour
A behavior in which an organism produces sounds by a mechanism involving its respiratory system.
behavioral control of excretion
The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds.
behavioral control of defecation
The expulsion of feces from the rectum.
behavioral control of urination
micturition
The regulation of body fluids process by which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body.
behavioral control of external secretion
behavioral control of lacrimation
The regulated release of the aqueous layer of the tear film from the lacrimal glands.
tear secretion
bonding behavior
forming of peer relationship
parental behavior
Behavior of a parent towards their offspring.
brooding behavior
Behavior related to hover protectively over young offspring.
weaning behavior
weaning behaviour
protection of offspring behavior
Behavior related the protection of offspring.
social play
Play behavior that is associated with the socialization of an individual into the group.
social playing behaviour
thermoregulation behavior
Behavior related to the actions by which an organism modulates its internal body temperature.
huddling behavior
basking behavior
suckling behavior
Specific actions of a newborn or infant mammal that result in the derivation of nourishment from the breast.
nursing behaviour
suckling behaviour
running behavior
Behavior related to rapid surface locomotion.
walking behavior
Behavior related to surface locomotion.
scratching
Behavior related to rubbing or scraping with the intend to relieve itching.
nuzzling
copulation
The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.
forelimb paralysis
Loss of power of voluntary movement in muscles of the forelimb through injury or disease of it or its nerve supply.
bathing behavior
Behavior related to the washing or cleansing of the body in a fluid, usually water or an aqueous solution.
bathing behaviour
eating behavior
eating behaviour
A feeding behavior associated with the intake or the frequency of intake or preference or manner of intake of food.
drinking behavior
A feeding behavior associated with the intake or the frequency of intake or preference or manner of intake of liquids.
drinking behaviour
consciousness behavior
Behavior related to a variety of aspects of the relationship between the mind and the world with which it interacts.
wakefulness
Behavior related to the state of being conscious and engages in a coherent cognitive and behavior responses to the external world.
asleep
Behavior related to reduced or absent consciousness, relatively suspended sensory activity, and inactivity of nearly all voluntary muscles.
shaking
Movement of a body part on a horizontal plain.
swaying
tilting
fossorial locomotion behavior
Behavior related to the movement facilitated by the generation of hole or tunnel dug into the ground.
burrowing behaviour
chewing
The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing.
mastication
yawning
playing behavior
Behavior performed in the absence of normal stimuli or behavior elicited by normal stimuli but not followed to the completion of the ritualized behavior pattern.
locomotor play
Many different actions are included in locomotor play. Some of the actions include a vertical leap, running in circles, chasing an animals own tail, lolloping, bouncing, bucking, rolling, whirling, dangling, spinning, back flips, hand stands, somersaults, and hanging upside down. The vertical leap is seen in mammals like in primates, hares, and mice. Along with running and bouncing, the vertical leap is important for strengthening leg muscles for self defense, escaping, or chasing. Activities like dangling and hanging upside down are important for improving climbing ability. These many different examples of locomotor play are important in strengthening muscles and improving motor skills. By participating in locomotor play, individuals will be able to improve skills like fighting, hunting, fleeing, and climbing.
Play behavior which serves to improve motor skills and physical conditioning.
motor development playing behaviour
exercise
courtship behavior
courtship behaviour
The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of attracting sexual partners.
post-mating behavior
Behavior related to the specific actions or reactions of an organism following mating.
post-mating behaviour
post mating behaviour
feeding behavior
feeding behaviour
A type of behavior associated with the intake of food or liquids.
sitting down
standing up
writhing
circadian behavior
Behavior related to any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
depression behavior
depression related behaviour
Emotional behavior related to a state of low mood and aversion to activity.
novelty response behavior
Behavior related to the exploration/investigation of a novel object, situation or environment.
antipredation behavior
Behavior related to defence against predation or predators.
acute stress response
Behavior related to the preparation of the body to "fight" or "flee" from perceived attack, harm or threat.
fight-or-flight response
fight-or-flight-or-freeze response
predator behavior
A physical aggression behavior involving attack on prey by a predator.
predatory aggression
predatory aggressive behaviour
threatening predator behavior
fear-related behavior
An emotional behavior related to a feeling of uneasiness or nervousness triggered by a specified triggering stimulus such as pain or the threat of danger.
fear-related behaviour
anxiety-related behavior
anxiety-related behaviour
An emotional behavior related to a feeling of uneasiness or nervousness triggered by an identifiable triggering stimulus.
fear behavior towards objects
An emotional behavior related to a feeling of uneasiness or nervousness in respect to an object.
fear behavior towards situation/environment
An emotional behavior related to a feeling of uneasiness or nervousness in respect to a particular situation or environment.
fear behavior towards living things
An emotional behavior related to a feeling of uneasiness or nervousness in respect to a living thing.
agoraphobia behavior
A phobia characterised by fear of open spaces.
response to novel environment
Behavior related to the exploration/investigation of a novel environment.
response to novel object
Behavior related to the exploration/investigation of a novel obhject.
response to novel odor
Behavior related to the exploration/investigation of a novel odor.
exploration behavior
retropulsion
Moving backwards.
fear-related retropulsion
Moving backwards in response to a fear stimulus.
coping behavior
Behavioral response to the presidency of the stressor where it becomes necessary to attempt some means of coping with the stress.
aggressive behavior towards humans
Exhibiting a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards humans.
aggressive behavior towards animals
Exhibiting a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards animals.
aggressive behavior towards objects
Exhibiting a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action toward any type of object.
aggressive behavior towards mice
Exhibiting a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards mice.
aggressive behavior towards women
Exhibiting a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards women.
aggressive behavior towards men
Exhibiting a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards men.
aggressive behavior towards male mice
Exhibiting a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards male mice.
aggressive behavior towards female mice
Exhibiting a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards female mice.
aggressive behavior towards inanimate objects
Exhibiting a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action toward inanimate objects.
aggressive behavior towards animate objects
aggressive behavior towards children
Exhibiting a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards children.
aggressive behavior towards pups
Exhibiting a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards pups.
gender-related aggressive behavior
gender-related aggressive behaviour
Gender related exhibition of a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action.
aggressive behavior towards females
Exhibiting a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards female animals.
aggressive behavior towards males
Exhibiting a domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards male animals.
impulsive behavior
A behavior that occur quickly without control, planning, or consideration of the consequences of that behavior.
physical aggression behavior
violent behaviour
physical aggression behaviour
An aggressive behavior that aims to inflicting damage on another entity using physical means.
agonistic behavior
submissive behavior
A behavior associated with the tendency of an organism towards being passive and willing to yield to others.
submissive behaviour
submissive behavior towards males
A behavior associated with the tendency of an organism towards being passive and willing to yield to male animals.
submissive behavior towards females
A behavior associated with the tendency of an organism towards being passive and willing to yield to female animals.
submissive behavior towards male mice
A behavior associated with the tendency of an organism towards being passive and willing to yield towards male mice.
subordination behavior
retreat behavior
retreat behaviour
irritability behavior
Behavior characterized by a quick excitability to annoyance, impatience, or anger.
agitation behavior
Emotional behavior related to excitement or restlessness.
liquid consumption
A drinking behavior associated with the intake of liquid.
alcohol consumption
A drinking behavior associated with the intake of alcohol.
water consumption
A drinking behavior associated with the intake of water.
liquid preference/aversion
food consumption
A drinking behavior associated with the intake of food.
food preference/aversion
saccharin consumption
A feeding behavior associated with the intake of saccharin.
liquid preference
liquid aversion
alcohol aversion
alcohol preference
food preference
food aversion
saccharin preference
mating frequency
mating preference
mate choice
mating receptivity
sexual display behavior
social investigation
reclusive behavior
maternal behavior
Behavior of a mother towards her offspring.
paternal behavior
Behavior of a father towards his offspring.
maternal nurturing behavior
Maternal behavior related to the brining up her offspring.
paternal nurturing behavior
Paternal behavior related to the brining up his offspring.
maternal crouching
offspring retrieval
Behavior related to the parent's tendency to collect stray offspring and return them to a defined location.
nesting behavior
nest building behavior
sleep pattern
rapid eye movement sleep
REM sleep
paradoxical sleep
sleep duration
non-rapid eye movement sleep behavior
These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions.
NREM sleep behavior
Behavior related to all sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep.
REM duration
Duration of REM sleep.
REM frequency
NREM duration
NREM frequency
circadian rhythm
Endogenously driven roughly 24-hour cycle in biochemical, physiological, or behavioral processes.
circadian period
circadian persistence
circadian phase
memory behavior
Behavior related with the ability of an organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences.
memory behaviour
associative learning behavior
The formation of associations among stimuli and responses.
Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect).
conditional learning
olfactory learning behavior
visual learning behavior
motor learning
spatial learning
vocal learning
A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate or create new sounds.
non-associative learning
A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus.
nonassociative learning
unconditional response
habituation
Gradual decrease in behavioral responses with repeated encounters of a particular stimulus, which proves of no consequence.
sensitization
An increase in behavioral responses following repeated applications of a particular stimulus.
short-term memory
A type of memory that allows the recall of something from several seconds to as long as a minute.
long-term memory
This type of memory, lasting hours to months, critically depends on a transfer of the information from short term memory using repeated rehearsal.
sensory memory
Report great detail about a complex stimulus immediately following its presentation. This ability forms within a few tens of milliseconds and decays again rapidly within a few hundred milliseconds.
long-lasting memory
A memory that last for months to lifetime.
medium term memory
A type of memory that allows the recall of something from minutes to several hours.
declarative memory
Encoded by the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and perirhinal cortex but store possibly in the medial temporal lobe.
Ability to become conscious of, or declare, facts and experiences.
explicit memory
semantic memory
Ability to consciously recall knowledge of facts that are independent of a specific time and place.
episodic memory
Ability to explicitly recall information about a specific event that has occurred at a specific time and place.
non-declarative memory
Encoded and probably stored by the cerebellum and the striatum but store in the amygdala.
procedural memory
implicit memory
Non-declarative memory type of memory, which does not need to involve conscious awareness in the act of recollection.
motor memory
Depends on the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
muscle memory
Consolidating a specific motor task into memory through repetition.
emotional memory
A type of memory associated with emotional experiences.
prospective memory
Remembering to perform an intended action.
event-based prospective memory
Remembering to perform an intended action in respect to a particular event.
time-based prospective memory
Remembering to perform an intended action in respect to a particular time reference.
autobiographical memory
A type of memory for particular events within one's own life.
visual memory
Ability to store and retrieve previously experienced visual sensations and perceptions when the stimuli that originally evoked them are no longer present.
iconic memory
eidetic memory
The ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in memory with extreme precision and in abundant volume.
photographic memory
topographic memory
Ability to orient oneself in space, to recognize and follow an itinerary, or to recognize familiar places.
priming
An implicit memory effect in which exposure to a stimulus influences response to a later stimulus.
direct priming
repetition
semantic priming
A type of priming where the prime and the target are from the same semantic category and share features.
associative priming
A type of priming where the target is a word that has a high probability of appearing with the prime, and is "associated" with it but not necessarily related in semantic features.
response priming
conceptual priming
A type of priming based on the meaning of a stimulus and is enhanced by semantic task.
perceptual priming
A type priming based on the form of the stimulus and is enhanced by the match between the early and later stimuli.
sensory adaptation
Change in the responsiveness of a sensory system when confronted with a constant stimulus.
classical conditioning
A form of associative learning that requires an unconditional reflex, where an unconditional stimulus (US)brings about an automatic, unlearned (unconditional) response (UR). If a neutral stimulus (NS) tends to precede it, an association is made and the conditional response (CR) becomes transferred onto the (previously neutral) conditional strimulus (CS); a conditional reflex has been learned.
Pavlovian conditioning
respondent conditioning
fear conditioning
A type of associative learning that allows organisms to acquire affective responses, such as fear, in situations where a particular context or stimulus is predictably elicits fear via an aversive context.
avoidance learning behavior
conditioned taste aversion
Garcia conditioning
operant conditioning behavior
Operant conditioning is distinguished from classical conditioning in that operant conditioning deals with the modification of "voluntary behavior" or operant behavior.
Operant conditioning is the use of a behavior's antecedent and/or its consequence to influence the occurrence and form of behavior.
instrumental learning
instrumental conditioning
imprinting behavior
latent learning behavior
observational learning
modeling
vicarious learning
language learning behavior
active avoidance learning behavior
Avoidance learning when the action occurs.
passive avoidance learning behavior
Avoidance learning when no action occurs.
escape learning behavior
Avoid a situation completely.
social learning
The sociological process of training individuals in a society to act or respond in a manner generally approved by the society in general and peer groups within society.
conditioned emotional response
conditioned place preference behavior
contextual conditioning behavior
cued conditioning behavior
perceptual constancy behavior
Perception of objects remains the same despite changes in their image on the retina.
spinal conditioning
eye blink conditioning behavior
jaw movement conditioning behavior
vestibular behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the awareness of body balance and movement.
pathological vestibular behaviour
pleasure behavior
excitement behavior
distress behavior
motivation behavior
Behavior related to the tendency of an organism to maintain internal equilibrium.
behavioral homeostasis
maintenance behaviour
perception of need
thirst motivation behavior
Behavior related to the deprivation of water.
hunger motivation behavior
appetite related behaviour
Behavior related to the deprivation of food.
sexual motivation behavior
Behavior related to the drive of an organism to engage in sexual activity.
hunger regulation
Any process which modulates the physical craving for food.
short term hunger regulation
Any process which modulates the physical craving for food over short term food deprivation.
long term hunger regulation
Any process which modulates the physical craving for food over long term food deprivation.
anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa
obesity
behavioral phenotype
An observable characteristic of the behavior of an organism.
pathological anxiety
hysteria
pathological anxiety disorder
generalized anxiety
GAD
A pathological anxiety characterized by long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any one object or situation.
phobia
phobic disorder
A pathological anxiety characterized by fear or anxiety triggered by a specific stimulus or situation.
panic
A pathological anxiety characterized by brief attacks of intense terror and apprehension, often marked by trembling, shaking, confusion, dizziness, nausea, difficulty breathing.
obsessive-compulsive disorder
A pathological anxiety primarily characterized by repetitive obsessions (distressing, persistent, and intrusive thoughts or images) and compulsions (urges to perform specific acts or rituals).
OCD
somatoform behavior phenotype
A pathological behavior characterized by one or more symptoms of a physical dysfunction but for which there is no identifiable organic cause.
pathological somatoform behaviour
conversion disorder
A somatoform disorder characterised by a physical dysfunction (blindness, deafness, paralysis, numbness, etc. ) that has no underlying organic basis.
hypochondriasis
health anxiety
A somatoform disorder characterised by a continuing belief that one has one or more serious illnesses although no medical evidence supports the belief.
hypochondria
health phobia
dissociative disorders
dissociative amnesia
dissociative fugue
dissociative identity disorder
mood disorder
major depressive disorder
unipolar depression
major depression
MDD
clinical depression
bipolar disorder
A mood disorder formerly characterised by alternating periods of mania and depression (and in some cases rapid cycling, mixed states, and psychotic symptoms).
bipolar affective disorder
manic depression
psychotic disorder
paranoid schizophrenia
catatonic schizophrenia
disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia
undifferentiated schizophrenia
residual schizophrenia
personality disorder
cognitive behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behaviour related to cognitive processes.
delirium
dementia
amnestic disorder
feeding behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior associated with the intake of food or liquids.
group behavior
social facilitation
social interference
social loafing
group polarization
groupthink
vocal aggression behavior
verbal aggression behaviour
A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism exhibits aggression using vocal or verbal means.
discriminatory behavior
prejudice
<new synonym>
discrimination
gender specific discriminatory behavior
sexism
age specific discriminatory behavior
A discriminatory behavior that is related to age.
ageism
attraction-related behavior
affiliation
Behavior related to having a generally positive attitude toward another person.
liking
Wanting to be with another person.
friendship
love
altruism behavior
A helping behavior (without expectation of extrinsic rewards and sometimes involving personal risk or sacrifice) that benefits individuals or society.
prosocial behavior
Prosocial behavior is caring about the welfare and rights of others, feeling concern and empathy for them, and acting in ways that benefit others.
helping behavior
Helping behavior refers to voluntary actions intended to help the others, with reward regarded or disregarded.
reciprocal altruism
Reciprocal altruism is the idea that the incentive for an individual to help in the present is based on the expectation of the potential receipt in the future.
social influence related behavior
conformity
obedience to authority
bystander intervention
behavior stemming from intelligence
Behavior related to one or more capacities of the mind.
behavior stemming from emotional intelligence
Behavior stemming from the ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups.
satiation
conciliation behavior
behavior stemming from problem solving
Behavior associated with problem finding and problem shaping.
behavior stemming from communication intelligence
Behavior stemming from intelligence associated with the capacity of conveying information. (Example: behavior adaptation in chimpanzees in order to communicate with humans.)
alloparental behavior
male aggressive behavior
A domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards animals exhibited by male animals.
male aggressive behaviour
female aggressive behavior
female aggressive behaviour
A domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards animals exhibited by female animals.
maternal aggressive behavior
A domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards animals exhibited by a mother or attending female.
maternal aggression
paternal aggressive behavior
A domineering, assault posture and/or hostile physical action towards animals exhibited by a father or attending male.
paternal aggression
memory loss behavior
Behavior related with the gradual loss of information and experiences stored in the memory of an organism.
forgetting
memory encoding behavior
memory storage behavior
memory storage behaviour
Behavior related with the ability of an organism's ability to store information and experiences.
memory retrieval behavior
memory retrieval behaviour
Behavior related with the ability of an organism's ability to recall information and experiences.
sensation behavior
Example: moving head to watch passing object.
Cognitive perception of a sensation by any of the five senses -- vision, touch, smell, taste, and hearing.
perception behavior
behavior involving perception
social phobia
A phobia characterised by fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur.
acrophobia
A phobia characterised by fear of high places.
sleep motivation behavior
Behavior related to the actions of an organism in relation to sleep.
sleep motivation behaviour
regulation of sleep
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep.
behavior process
behaviour
behavior
The action, reaction, or performance of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli.
visual behavior
Behavior related to the actions or reactions of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.
behavioral response to visual stimulus
behavioural response to visual stimulus
visual behaviour
optokinetic behavior
Behavior related to the actions or reactions of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus.
auditory behavior
Behavior related to the actions or reactions of an organism in response to a sound.
hearing behaviour
vestibular behavior
Behavior related to the awareness of body balance and movement.
proprioception
balance
body rotation sensation behavior
gravitation sensation behavior
movement sensation behavior
chemosensory behavior
Behavior related to the sensation of chemicals.
olfactory behavior
Behavior related to the sensation of odors.
taste behavior
Taste can be described as five basic sensations, sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umamy which can be combined in various ways to make all other taste sensations.
gustatory behavior
thermosensory behavior
thermosensation behaviour
Behavior related to environmental temperature.
somatic sensation related behavior
Sensations arising from the internal organs (the viscera), such as pain or the sense of fullness of the stomach or bladder, may therefore be included, although they are usually considered separately as visceral sensations. Pain arising from the viscera is often felt as though it comes from some part of the body surface or underlying tissue.
Behavior related to the sensations arising from the skin and from the muscles, tendons, and joints.
hot sensation behavior
Behavior related to the detection of high environmental temperature.
cold sensation behavior
Behavior related to the detection of low environmental temperature.
cutaneous sensation behavior
nociceptive behavior
nociception
pain
touch related behavior
chemical nociceptive behavior
chemical nociception behaviour
mechanical nociceptive behavior
mechanical nociception behaviour
thermal nociceptive behavior
thermal nociception behaviour
chemically-elicited antinociceptive behavior
chemically-elicited antinociception behaviour
pressure related behavior
kinesthetic behavior
Behavior related to the movement of the body's muscles, tendons, and joints.
motor coordination
The coordination of combinations of body movements created with the kinematic (such as spatial direction) and kinetic (force) parameters that result in intended actions.
eye-hand coordination
Optic apraxia - total inability of a person to coordinate eye and hand movements.nOptic ataxia - inability of a person to coordinate eye and hand movements.
hand eye coordination
The coordinated control of eye movement with hand movement, and the processing of visual input to guide reaching and grasping along with the use of proprioception of the hands to guide the eyes.
limb coordination
The coordination of limb movement.
intralimb coordination
Coordination that results in spatial and temporal planning of reaching and grasping.
intra-limb coordination
interlimb coordination
Coordination that results in bimanual synchronization and temporal association of the hands.
inter-limb coordination
lower limb coordination
The coordination of lower limb movement.
upper limb coordination
The coordination of upper limb movement.
gross motor coordination
The coordination of large muscle groups and whole body movement.
large muscle coordination
whole body coordination
fine motor coordination
Coordination of small muscle movements which occur usually in coordination with the eye.
manual dexterity
graphomotor coordination
Coordination involved in writing.
body coordination
The coordination of the whole body movement.
upper body coordination
The coordination of the lower body movement.
lower body coordination
The coordination of the upper body movement.
bilateral coordination
posture
Intentionally or habitually assumed arrangement of the body and its limbs.
body posture
Intentionally or habitually assumed arrangement of the body.
limb posture
Intentionally or habitually assumed arrangement of the limbs.
resting posture
Intentionally or habitually assumed arrangement of the body and its limbs in inactivity.
terrestrial locomotory behavior
Behavior associated with surface locomotion.
leaping behavior
saltation
Behavior related to the upward thrust produced by the rapid, simultaneous extension of the hind legs with the intend to cross wide gaps in the locomotor surface.
gait
The pattern of movement of the limbs of animals, characterized by elements of progression, stability, speed and length over the ground.
stride
A behavioral pattern characterized by the distance covered by as many steps as there are legs.
crawling behavior
Behavior related to the movement resulting by dragging the body close to the ground.
arboreal locomotion behavior
Behavior related to the locomotion of animals in trees.
brachiation
Arguably the epitome of arboreal locomotion, it involves swinging with the arms from one handhold to another.
A form arboreal locomotion used by primates to moves very rapidly while hanging beneath branches.
aerial locomotion behavior
Behavior related to the movement of an organism from one location to another through the air.
flight behavior
flying
Behavior related to the self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement.
climbing behavior
Behavior related to the ascending a steep object.
gliding behavior
Behavior related to the expansion lateral surface of the body with the intention of increasing the wind resistance against the body and hence reducing the speed of falling.
Behavior related to the upward thrust produced by the rapid, simultaneous extension of the hind legs with the intend to rise in the air.
hopping
aquatic locomotion
Behavior related to the movement of an organism from one location to another through a liquid medium.
swimming
directional control of locomotion
Behavior related to the control of the direction of locomotion.
locomotory orientation behavior
Behavior related to the ability of an animal to determine and to alter its position in the environment.
kinesis
Alteration of speed or direction of movement in response to a sensory stimulus.
taxis
Locomotory orientation in a specific spatial relationship to a stimulus.
steering behavior
Behavior related to the mechanical alteration of the locomotor pattern through which the animal adjusts its position.
chemotactic behavior
chemotaxis
Locomotory orientation in response to specific chemical concentration gradient.
gravitactic behavior
gravitaxis
geotactic behaviour
Locomotory orientation in response to gravity.
negative gravitactic behavior
Locomotory orientation away from the source of gravity.
negative geotactic behaviour
negative gravitaxis
positive gravitactic behavior
positive gravitaxis
Locomotory orientation towards the source of gravity.
positive geotactic behaviour
thigmotaxis
stereotaxis
Locomotory orientation in response to touch.
energy taxis
Locomotory orientation in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation.
phototactic behavior
phototaxis
Locomotory orientation in response to light.
thermotaxis
Locomotory orientation in response to a temperature gradient.
phonotaxis
Locomotory orientation in response to sound.
mechanical stimulus taxis
Locomotory orientation in response to mechanical stimulus.
barotaxis
Locomotory orientation in response to pressure.
involuntary movement behavior
Movevents listed here are involuntary, but may be also generated by free will, like blinking of the eyelids and respiratory movements.
Behavior related to movements that occur independent of planning.
reflexive behavior
Behavior related to involuntary movement in response to a stimulus.
reflex behaviour
primitive reflex
Reflex actions originating in the central nervous system that are exhibited by normal infants in response to particular stimuli.
infant reflex
infantile reflex
newborn reflex
startle reflex
An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus.
alarm reaction
tonic labyrinthine reflex
A reflex that arises when tilting the head back while lying on the back causes the back to stiffen and even arch backwards, the legs to straighten, stiffen, and push together, the toes to point, the arms to bend at the elbows and wrists, and the hands to become fisted or the fingers to curl.
TLR
asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
ATNR
A reflex that assists in the birthing process and helps to develop muscle tone, kicking and stimulates vestibular function in utero.
fencing reflex
symmetrical tonic neck reflex
A reflex that causes the eyes to alternately fixate at far and near, expanding vision development from arms length to far away.
galant reflex
It is elicited by holding the newborn in ventral suspension (face down) and stroking along the one side of the spine. A reflex that caused the laterally flex toward the stimulated side when a newborn is held in ventral suspension (face down) and stroking along the one side of the spine.
spinal galant
babkin reflex
A reflex elicited by the application of pressure to both palms resulting varying responses such as head flexion, head rotation or opening of the mouth, or a combination of these responses.
swimming reflex
A reflex that causes the infant to begin to paddle and kick in a swimming motion upon its placement face down in a pool of water.
plantar reflex
A reflex elicited when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument.
palmar grasp reflex
A reflex elicited by the placement of an object in the infant's hand and strokes their palm, causing its fingers to close and grasp it.
rooting reflex
A reflex that causes a newborn infant to turn his head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth, searching for the object by moving his head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found.
sucking reflex
A reflex that causes the infant to instinctively suck at anything that touches the roof of their mouth and suddenly starts to suck simulating the way they naturally eat.
walking reflex
A reflex that causes the infant to attempt to 'walk' by placing one foot in front of the other when the soles of their feet touch a flat surface.
stepping reflex
voluntary movement behavior
Behavior related to movements executed with intent.
stretch reflex
deep tendon reflex
A muscle contraction in response to stretching within the muscle.
biceps reflex
A deep tendon reflex that elicits involuntary contraction of the biceps brachii muscle.
brachioradialis reflex
A deep tendon reflex elicited by striking the lateral surface of the forearm proximal to the distal head of the radius, characterized by normal slight elbow flexion and forearm supination.
supinator reflex
extensor digitorum reflex
BER
A reflex that elicits involuntary contraction of the extensor digitorum muscle.
Braunecker-Effenberg reflex
triceps reflex
A deep tendon reflex that elicits involuntary contraction of the triceps brachii muscle.
patellar reflex
knee-jerk reflex
A deep tendon reflex that elicits extension of the leg resulting from a sharp tap on the patellar tendon.
ankle jerk reflex
Achilles reflex
triceps surae reflex
Achilles tendon reflex
ankle reflex
A reflex bending of the foot resulting from contraction of the calf muscles when the Achilles tendon is sharply struck.
cranial nerve related reflex
A reflex that involves cranial nerves.
pupillary light reflex
pupillary reflex
A reflex that controls the diameter of the pupil, in response to the intensity (luminance) of light that falls on the retina of the eye, thereby assisting in adaptation to various levels of darkness and light, in addition to retinal sensitivity.
accommodation reflex
A reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape and pupil size.
jaw jerk reflex
masseter reflex
corneal reflex
blinking
An involuntary blinking of the eyelids elicited by stimulation of the cornea.
blink reflex
vestibulo-ocular reflex
oculovestibular reflex
vestibuloocular reflex
VOR
A reflex eye movement that stabilizes images on the retina during head movement by producing an eye movement in the direction opposite to head movement, thus preserving the image on the center of the visual field.
physiologic nystagmus
A form of involuntary eye movement that is part of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). It is characterized by alternating smooth pursuit in one direction and saccadic movement in the other direction.
pharyngeal reflex
swallowing reflex
gag reflex
A reflex contraction of the back of the throat, evoked by touching the soft palate.
sleeping behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
bruxism
teeth grinding
A NREM parasomnia characterised by Involuntarily grinding of teeth while sleeping.
delayed sleep phase syndrome
A circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by a much later than normal timing of sleep onset and offset and a period of peak alertness in the middle of the night.
delayed sleep-phase disorder (DSPD)
DSPS
delayed sleep-phase type (DSPT)
insomnia
Inability to fall asleep and/or remain asleep for a reasonable amount of time.
narcolepsy
A dyssomnia characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in which a person experiences extreme fatigue and possibly falls asleep at inappropriate times.
sleep terror
night terror
Pavor nocturnus
A NREM parasomnia characterised by abrupt awakening from sleep with behavior consistent with terror and a temporary inability to regain full consciousness.
abdominal reflex
A reflex that results in the contraction of the muscles of the abdominal wall in response to stimulation of the overlying skin.
anocutaneous reflex
anal wink
perineal reflex
anal reflex
Reflexive contraction of the external anal sphincter upon stroking of the skin around the anus.
cremasteric reflex
A reflex is elicited by lightly stroking the superior and medial (inner) part of the thigh resulting in a contraction of the cremaster muscle that pulls up the scrotum and testis on the side stroked.
mammalian diving reflex
A reflex in mammals which optimises respiration to allow staying underwater for extended periods of time.
visceromotor reflex
An increase in tonus (normal tension) of the tissues of the abdominal muscles resulting from painful stimuli originating in a viscus.
muscular defense
A reflex of the abdominal muscles to contract upon mechanical force to the abdomen, and serves as protection.
scratch reflex
A response to activation of sensory neurons whose peripheral terminals are located on the surface of the body.
self-scratching
acoustic startle reflex
An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected loud noise.
withdrawal reflex
nociceptive reflex
flexor withdrawal reflex
A reflex where the body reacts to pain or unpleasant stimuli by trying to move itself away from the source.
crossed extensor reflex
A reflex where the flexors in the withdrawing limb contract and the extensors relax, while in the other limb, the opposite occurs.
acoustic reflex
An involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear of mammals in response to high-intensity sound stimuli.
attenuation reflex
auditory reflex
stapedius reflex
arthrokinetic reflex
A reflex in which joint movement can reflexively cause muscle activation or inhibition.
cough reflex
A reflex by which the body rids the lower respiratory tract of any irritant that enters through the air and less frequently any fluids (drinks) and solids (food) that may spill into the respiratory tract.
snout reflex
A pouting or pursing of the lips that is elicited by light tapping of the closed lips near the midline.
glabellar reflex
A reflex elicited by repetitive tapping on the forehead which result in blinking to the first several taps.
glabellar tap sign
Golgi tendon reflex
inverse myotatic reflex
A skeletal muscle contraction causes the muscle to simultaneously lengthen and relax.
shivering reflex
The shivering reflex is triggered to maintain homeostasis.
A reflex in which muscle groups around the vital organs begin to shake in small movements in an attempt to create warmth by expending energy.
sternutation
A reflex in which mucus containing foreign particles or irritants is expelled and the nasal cavity is cleanses.
sneeze
sneezing
vagovagal reflex
A contraction of muscles in the gastrointestinal tract in response to distension of the tract following consumption of food and drink.
eye movement
tail movement
visual pursuit
Selectively track a moving object.
locomotor activation
vertical activity
spontaneous movement
social grooming
allogrooming
Behavior related to the activity in which individuals in a group clean or maintain one another's body or appearance.
personal grooming
auto-grooming
preening
self-grooming
Behavior related to the promotion of personal hygiene.
awareness
Behavior related to the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects or sensory patterns.
behavior related to feelings experiencing
attention behavior
The sustained focus of cognitive resources on information while filtering or ignoring extraneous information. Intended to encompass only attention to perceptual stimuli.
focused attention behavior
Behavior involving responding discretely to specific visual, auditory or tactile stimuli.
selective attention behavior
Behavior involving maintaining a behavioral or cognitive set in the face of distracting or competing stimuli.
alternating attention behavior
Behavior involving mental flexibility that allows individuals to shift their focus of attention and move between tasks having different cognitive requirements.
sustained attention behavior
Behavior involving maintaining a consistent behavioral response during continuous and repetitive activity.
vigilance
divided attention behavior
Behavior involving responding simultaneously to multiple tasks or multiple task demands.
size constancy behavior
The perception of familiar objects as approximately the same size regardless of their distance from the observer.
colour constancy behavior
The perception of a color as constant under changing conditions of illumination.
shape constancy behavior
The perception of familiar objects as approximately the same shape regardless of their distance or angle of view from the observer.
perception of motion behavior
Perception relating to the process of inferring the speed and direction of elements in a scene based on visual, vestibular and proprioceptive inputs.
form perception behavior
Perception related to the identification of objects and their distinction from each other.
depth perception behavior
Behavior involving an active reception and coordination of information relating to depth received through the sensory systems in order to perceive the three-dimensionality of the world and objects within it.
distance perception behavior
Perception of the distance of an object.
perceptual illusion behavior
Misperception of stimuli, where what is perceived does not correspond to the actual dimensions or qualities of the physical stimulus.
stress related behavior
It refers to the consequence of the failure of an organism to respond adequately to mental, emotional or physical demands, whether actual or imagined.
Behavior related to how the body reacts to a stressor ( a stimulus that causes stress), real or imagined.
behavioral alarm
Behavior related to the identification or realization of a threat or a stressor.
predator avoidance behavior
behavioral exhaustion
Behavior related to the depletion of the body resources for coping to stress.
rhythmic behavior phenotype
circadian behavior phenotype
pathological circadian behaviour
dyssomnia
A pathological sleeping behavior related to the initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep.
intrinsic sleep disorder
hypersomnia
A dyssomnia characterized by excessive amounts of sleepiness.
periodic limb movement disorder
PLMD
nocturnal myoclonus
A dyssomnia where the patient moves limbs involuntarily during sleep, and has symptoms or problems related to the movement.
restless legs syndrome
Wittmaack Ekbom syndrome
RLS
A dyssomnia characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's body to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations.
sleep apnea
A sleep breathing disorder characterized by abnormal pauses in breathing or instances of abnormally low breathing, during sleep.
sleep apnoea
sleep state misperception
A dyssomnia characterized by a mistakenly perception of one's sleep as wakefulness.
paradoxical insomnia
sleep hypochondriasis
pseudo-insomnia
SSM
subjective insomnia
subjective sleepiness
extrinsic sleep disorder
alcohol-dependent sleep disorder
A dyssomnia associated with alcohol intake.
food allergy insomnia
A insomnia associated with food allergies.
circadian rhythm sleep disorder
A pathological circadian behavior primarily related to the timing of sleep.
extrinsic circadian rhythm sleep disorder
An extrinsic circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia and excessive sleepiness affecting people whose work hours are scheduled during the typical sleep period.
intrinsic circadian rhythm sleep disorder
jet lag
An extrinsic circadian rhythm sleep disorder resulting from rapid long distance transmeridian (east west or west east) travel.
shift work sleep disorder
SWSD
advanced sleep phase syndrome
A circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by difficulty staying awake in the evening and staying asleep in the morning.
ASPT
advanced sleep-phase type
ASPS
non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome
A circadian rhythm sleep disorder which the affected individual's sleep occurs later and later each day, with the period of peak alertness also continuously moving around the clock from day to day.
free running disorder (FRD)
hypernychthemeral syndrome
non-24
non-24-hour circadian rhythm disorder
circadian rhythm sleep disorder, free running type
circadian rhythm sleep disorder, nonentrained type
non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder
irregular sleep-wake rhythm
A circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by numerous naps throughout the 24-hour period, no main night time sleep episode and irregularity from day to day.
parasomnia
A sleeping behavior phenotype that involve abnormal and unnatural movements, emotions, perceptions, and dreams that occur while falling asleep, sleeping, between sleep stages, or during arousal from sleep.
sleep breathing disorder
SBD
An intrinsic sleep disorder characterised by breathing abnormalities.
snoring
A sleep breathing disorder characterised by vibration of respiratory structures and the resulting sound, due to obstructed air movement during breathing while sleeping.
upper airway resistance syndrome
A sleep breathing disorder characterized by airway resistance to breathing during sleep.
recurrent hypersomnia
A hypersomnia characterized by recurrent episodes.
posttraumatic hypersomnia
A hypersomnia that occurs as a result of a traumatic event involving the central nervous system.
NREM parasomnia
A type of parasomnia that occurs during NREM sleep.
sleepwalking
A NREM parasomnia characterised by the risef rom the slow wave sleep stage in a state of low consciousness and perform activities that are usually performed during a state of full consciousness.
somnambulism
nocturnal enuresis
bedwetting
A NREM parasomnia characterised by involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which bladder control usually occurs.
somniloquy
A NREM parasomnia characterised by talking during sleep.
sleep-talking
REM sleep behavior disorder
RBD
A REM parasomnia characterised by the lack of muscle atonia during sleep.
REM parasomnia
A type of parasomnia that occurs during REM sleep.
acute RBD
A RBD that occurs mostly as a result of a side-effect in prescribed medication- usually antidepressants.
chronic RBD
Idiopathic or associated with neurological disorders REM sleep behavior disorder.
catathrenia
A REM parasomnia consisting of breath holding and expiratory groaning during sleep that is distinct from both somniloquy and obstructive sleep apnea.
recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
RISP
An isolted sleep paralysis that is characterized by frequent episodes or a complex of sequential episodes whose total duration may exceed one hour, and particularly by the range and sense of perceived reality of the subjective phenomena experienced during episodes.
isolated sleep paralysis
ISP
A sleep paralaysis characterised by the absence of narcolepsy.
sleep paralysis
A REM parasomnia characterised by periods of inability to perform voluntary movements either when going to sleep or when waking up.
hypnagogic sleep paralysis
A sleep paralysis which upon falling asleep the person remains aware while the body shuts down for REM sleep.
predormital sleep paralysis
hypnopompic sleep paralysis
A sleep paralysis which upon awakening, the person becomes aware before the REM cycle is complete,.
postdormital sleep paralysis
climbing stairs
Behavior related to the ascending stairs.
hypnophobia
somniphobia
A dyssomnia characterised by fear of sleep.
depressive disorder
depressive disorder not otherwise specified
DD-NOS
atypical depression
A major depressive disorder characterized by mood reactivity (paradoxical anhedonia) and positivity, significant weight gain or increased appetite ("comfort eating"), excessive sleep or somnolence (hypersomnia), a sensation of heaviness in limbs known as leaden paralysis, and significant social impairment as a consequence of hypersensitivity to perceived interpersonal rejection.
melancholic depression
A major depressive disorder characterized by a loss of pleasure (anhedonia) in most or all activities, a failure of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli, a quality of depressed mood more pronounced than that of grief or loss, a worsening of symptoms in the morning hours, early morning waking, psychomotor retardation, excessive weight loss (not to be confused with anorexia nervosa), or excessive guilt.
psychotic major depression
PMD
A major depressive disorder characterized by a major depressive episode, particularly of melancholic nature, where the patient experiences psychotic symptoms such as delusions or, less commonly, hallucinations.
catatonic depression
A major depressive disorder characterized by psychological and motorological disturbances.
postpartum depression
postnatal depression
PDD
A major depressive disorder characterized by a intense, sustained and sometimes disabling depression experienced by women after giving birth.
seasonal affective disorder
winter blues
A major depressive disorder usually characterized seasonal pattern with depressive episodes coming on in the winter or summer, spring or autumn, repeatedly, year after year.
winter depression
dysthymia
For humans: where a person reports a low mood almost daily over a span of at least two years.
A depressive disorder characterized by chronic, different mood disturbance.
recurrent brief depression
A depressive disorder characterized by intermittent depressive episodes, in women not related to menstrual cycles, occurring at least once a month over at least one year or more fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for major depressive episodes except for duration which in RBD is less than 14 days, typically 2 to 4 days.
minor depressive disorder
A depressive disorder that does not meet full criteria for Major depressive disorder but in which at least two depressive symptoms are present for two weeks.
minor depression
bipolar I
A type of bipolar disorder distinguished by the presence or history of one or more manic episodes or mixed episodes with or without major depressive episodes.
bipolar II
A bipolar disorder characterised by recurrent intermittent hypomanic and depressive episodes.
cyclothymia
A bipolar disorder characterised by recurrent hypomanic and dysthymic episodes, but no full manic episodes or full major depressive episodes.
bipolar disorder not otherwise specified
A bipolar disorder characterised by symptoms in the bipolar spectrum (e.g. manic and depressive symptoms) but does not fully qualify for any of the three types of bipolar disorder.
BD-NOS
substance induced mood disorder
alcohol induced mood disorder
benzodiazepine induced mood disorder
Interferon-alpha induced mood disorder
post-traumatic stress
A pathological anxiety which results from a traumatic experience.
post-traumatic stress disorder
PTSD
separation anxiety
A pathological anxiety characterized by feeling of excessive and inappropriate levels of anxiety over being separated from a person or place.
SepAD
circadian regulation of heart rate
Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
Any process in which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
circadian temperature homeostasis
Any homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
circadian thermoregulation
eating behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of feeding behavior that relates to easting.
eating disorder
drinking behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of feeding behavior that relates to feeding.
drinking disorder
pathological drinking behaviour
dipsosis
A pathological drinking behavior characterised by an excessive desire to drink.
polydipsia
A pathological drinking behavior characterised by large intake of fluids by mouth, usually due to excessive thirst that is relatively prolonged.
hyperdipsia
aphagia
A pathological feeding behavior characterised by failure to eat.
swallowing
polyphagia
hyperphagia
A pathological drinking behavior characterised by an abnormally large intake of food by mouth, usually due to excessive hunger that is relatively prolonged.
anhedonia
Lack of ability to enjoy a sense of pleasure.
male sexual activity
Behaviour related to the male activity which primary purpose is the sexual reproduction.
female sexual activity
Behaviour related to the female activity which primary purpose is the sexual reproduction.
recognition memory
Ability to correctly remember something that has been encountered before.
visual object recognition
Ability to perceive the physical properties of an object (such as shape, colour and texture) and apply semantic attributes to the object, which includes the understanding of its use, previous experience with the object and how it relates to others.
long term object recognition memory
A visual object recognition that lasts hours to months and critically depends on a transfer of the information from short term object recognition memory using repeated rehearsals.
short term object recognition memory
visual short term memory
spatial working memory
spatial memory
A type of memory responsible for recording information about one's environment and its spatial orientation.
short term spatial memory
A type of memory that allows one to temporarily store and manage information about one's environment and its spatial orientation.
long term spatial memory
maternal grooming
Behavior related to the activity in which a mother cleans or maintains the body or the appearance of her offsprings.
barbering behavior
Behavior relating to the plucking of fur/hair or whiskers/vibrissae.
hetero-barbering
whisker trimming
Behavior related to the barbering of other individuals of a cohort.
self-barbering
Behavior related to the barbering of oneself.
catalepsy
A pathological behavior characterized by muscular rigidity and fixation of posture regardless of external stimuli, as well as decreased sensitivity to pain.
social behavior phenotype
pathological social behaviour
Observable characteristic of behavior that occurs predominantly or only, in individuals that are part of a group.
social withdrawal
social withdrawal in childhood
stereotypic behavior
A pathological behavior associated with repetitive or ritualistic movement, posture, or utterance.
stereotypy
stereotypic behaviour
kinesthetic behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the movement of the body's muscles, tendons, and joints.
fatigue
Exhibiting abnormal exhaustion due to mental or physical exertion.
head bobbing
head nodding
Movement of the head in the vertical plane.
mutlidirectional head movement
Movement of the head in multiple directions.
senility
A degenerative state of the brain resulting in impairment of memory, judgment, attention span, problem solving skills, the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function, and a global loss of cognitive abilities.
behavioral despair
optokinetic reflex
A reflex allows the eye to follow objects in motion when the head remains stationary.
pilomotor reflex
piloerection
horripilation
A reflex that elucidates goose bumps (bumps on a person's skin at the base of body hairs) which may involuntarily develop when a person is cold or experiences strong emotions such as fear, awe, admiration or sexual arousal
pinna reflex
Preyer's reflex
A reflex that elucidates a characteristic ear twitch in response to an auditory stimulus.
postural reflex
A reflex that maintains body position and equilibrium either during rest or during movement.
righting reflex
righting response
A reflex process in which an animal immediately tries to turn over after being placed in a supine position.
hyperekplexia
A pathological behavior characterised by pronounced startle responses to tactile or acoustic stimuli and hypertonia.
tonic neck reflex
TNR
A reflex that elucidates an automatic positioning of the limbs in response to a movement of the head on trunk (neck).
cervicospinal reflex
vestibulocollic reflex
VCR
A reflex which results from activation of afferents from the vestibular organs and uses neck movements to stabilize the head position in space.
vestibulospinal reflex
A reflex that originates with vestibular stimulation and control body posture.
vibrissae reflex
vibrissa reflex
Change position in response to stimulation of the whiskers.
clutching reflex
limb grasping
A mouse reflex that elicidated the clasping of front and/or hind feet almost immediately upon being lifted by tail.
limb clasping
hindlimb extension reflex
emprosthotonos
A form of tetanic spasm in which the head and feet are drawn forward and the spine arches backward.
opisthotonus
A form of tetanic spasm in which the head, neck and spine are bent backward and the body is bowed forward.
tetanic spasm
A sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles associated with strychnine poisoning and tetanus.
spasm
A sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles.
tremor
trembling
An involuntary rhythmical, oscillatory movement of a body part.
quivering
shivering
ataxia
Inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements.
motor coordination phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the coordination of combinations of body movements created with the kinematic (such as spatial direction) and kinetic (force) parameters that result in intended actions.
dysmetria
Lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with the hand, arm, leg, or eye.
hypermetria
Overshooting the intended position.
hypometria
Undershooting the intended position.
posture phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related with the Intentionally or habitually assumed arrangement of the body and its limbs.
titubation
Posture distinguished by a faltering gait while walking and/or a swaying motion of the trunk or head while resting.
hindlimb paralysis
Loss of power of voluntary movement in the muscles of the hindlimb through injury or disease of it or its nerve supply.
dystonia
A locomotory disorder in which sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures.
long-term spatial memory
A type of memory that allows one to store and manage information about one's environment and its spatial orientation lasting hours to months.
psychomotor agitation behavior
Agitation characterised by a series of unintentional and purposeless motions that stem from mental tension and anxiety of an individual.
emotional behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the complex psychophysiological experience of an individual's state of mind as interacting with biochemical (internal) and environmental (external) influences.
apathy
perfunctoriness
impassivity
Exhibiting indifference, or suppression of emotions such as concern, excitement, motivation and passion.
delusion
A belief that is either mistaken or not substantiated that is held with vehemence.
social inhibition
A social behavior characterised by conscious or unconscious constraint of a behavior that might be considered objectionable in a social setting.
sexual inhibition
A social behavior characterised by conscious or unconscious constraint or curtailment of behavior relating to specific sexual matters or practices.
forgetfulness
retention loss
Loss of information already encoded and stored in an individual's long term memory.
pathological forgetting
cognitive behavior
Behaviour related to cognitive processes.
hallucination
Perception in the absence of a stimulus.
visual hallucination
A form of hallucination that involves perceiving images without visual stimulus.
paracusia
auditory hallucination
A form of hallucination that involves perceiving sounds without auditory stimulus.
olfactory hallucination
phantosmia
A form of hallucination that involves perceiving odors without odor stimulus.
communication behavior
A social behavior related to the activity of conveying information.
communicating
nonverbal communication behavior
nonverbal communication behaviour
non-verbal communication behaviour
Communication behavior related to the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages through for example gesture, body language or posture; facial expression and eye contact etc.
visual communication behavior
Communication behavior related to the conveyance of ideas and information through creation of visual representations.
oral communication behavior
Communication behavior related to the process of conveying meaning in the form of word messages.
eye contact
A nonverbal communication behavior that is characterised by the meeting the eyes between two individuals.
laughing behavior
crying behavior
The behavior in which an organism sheds tears, often accompanied by non-verbal vocalizations and in response to external or internal stimuli.
crying behaviour
behavior stemming from insight
Behavior stemming from understanding of a specific cause and effect in a specific context.
frustration behavior
An emotional behavior that arises from the perceived resistance to the fulfillment of individual will.
selective mutism
A communication disorder in which a person, most often a child, who is normally capable of speech is unable to speak in given situations, or to specific people.
stereotypic motor behavior
Stereotypic behavior associated with repetitive or ritualistic movement.
echolalia
Stereotypic behavior characterised by a tendency to repeat vocalizations.
object play
Object play is important in developing skills important in adulthood, especially hunting.
Play behavior associated with the manipulation of objects.
sexual play
Behavior associated with interactions which resemble sexual behavior but do not lead to copulation.
love play
play fight
Play fighting helps learning to evaluate oneself and an opponent. This skill is crucial for serious adult situations. Being able to size up an opponent quickly is very important in knowing when to give up or fight for a resource (food, mate, territory, etc. ). Play fighting is one of the most important categories of play because it prepares animals for actual fighting.
Play behavior associated to fighting simulation, although fighting is much slower and gentler with no intention of actual hurt.
play chasing
Play behavior that is associated with the pursuit of an individual.
nursing play
Play behavior associated with the exhibition of parenting behavior by non-parents.
imitative play
Imitative play is an excellent means of learning how to perform a task that an adult has perfected. Therefore, imitative play is one of the best ways for animals to learn from the adults in the group.
Play behavior related to the copying the actions of another.
mobbing behavior
An aggressive behavior which elucidated when individuals of a certain species mob a predator by cooperatively attacking or harassing it, usually to protect their offspring.
mobbing calling
Behavior associated with signals made by the mobbing species while harassing a predator.
territorial aggressive behavior
territorial aggressive behaviour
territorial aggression
Aggressive behavior related to the defence of a fixed area against intruders, typically conspecifics.
irritable aggressive behavior
avoidance behavior
Behavior related to the activity seen in animals exposed to adverse stimuli, in which the tendency to act defensively is stronger than the tendency to attack.
protective behavior
Behavior related to the activity seen in animals exposed to potential danger in which they exhibit the tendency to act defensively.
defense
defensive behaviour
male courtship behavior
male courtship behaviour
The actions or reactions of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.
female courtship behavior
female courtship behaviour
The actions or reactions of a female, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.
long term thirst regulation
Any process which modulates the physical craving for water over long term water deprivation.
short term thirst regulation
Any process which modulates the physical craving for water over short term water deprivation.
discrimination learning
epilepsy
Two or more unprovoked recurrent seizures.
involuntary movement behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to movements that occur independent of planning.
voluntary movement behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to movements executed with intent.
convulsion
A rapid and repeated body muscle contract that results in an uncontrolled shaking of the body.
fit
partial seizure
Partial seizures begin with an electrical discharge in one limited area of the brain.
A seizure which affect only a part of the brain at onset.
focal seizure
localized seizure
simple partial seizure
Depending on the area of cerebral cortex involved, symptoms may be motor, cognitive, sensory, autonomic, or affective. Consciousness is not impaired.
A partial seizure which affect only a small region of the brain, often the temporal lobes and/or hippocampi whilst consciousness is unaffected.
complex partial seizure
temporal lobe seizure
psychomotor seizure
A seizure that is associated with bilateral cerebral hemisphere involvement and causes impairment of awareness or responsiveness, i.e. loss of consciousness.
being conscious
temporal lobe epilepsy
A type of focal epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures.
psychomotor epilepsy
simple partial seizure with motor signs
focal clonic seizure
A simple partial seizure affecting the kinesthetic behavior.
motor seizure
simple partial seizure with sensory symptoms
Some simple partial seizures consist of a sensory experience. The person may see lights, hear a buzzing sound, or feel tingling or numbness in a part of the body.
A simple partial seizure affecting any of the five senses -- vision, touch, smell, taste, and hearing.
Jacksonian sensory seizure
sensory seizure
simple partial seizure with autonomic symptoms or signs
These seizures are accompanied by autonomic symptoms or signs, such as abdominal discomfort or nausea which may rise into the throat (epigastric rising), stomach pain, the rumbling sounds of gas moving in the intestines (borborygmi), belching, flatulence and vomiting. Other symptoms may include pallor, flushing, sweating, hair standing on end (piloerection), dilation of the pupils, alterations in heart rate and respiration, and urination. A few people may experience sexual arousal, penile erection, and orgasm.
A simple partial seizure affecting the part of the nervous system that automatically controls bodily functions.
autonomic seizure
abdominal epilepsy
simple partial seizure with psychic symptoms
Simple partial seizures which arise in or near the temporal lobes often take the form of an odd experience. One may see or hear things that are not there. One feels emotions, often fear, but sometimes sadness, anger, or joy. There may be a bad smell or a bad taste, a funny feeling in the pit of the stomach or a choking sensation.
A simple partial seizure affecting the emotional behavior.
simple partial seizures of temporal lobe origin
temporal lobe auras
psychic seizure
sensation behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related any of the five senses -- vision, touch, smell, taste, and hearing.
somatic sensation related behavior phenotype
A phenotype manifested by a behavior related to the sensations arising from the skin and from the muscles, tendons, and joints.
cutaneous sensation behavior phenotype
auditory behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the actions or reactions of an organism in response to a sound.
visual behavior phenotype
A phenotype manifested by a behavior related to the actions or reactions of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.
chemosensory behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the sensation of chemicals.
olfactory behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the sensation of odors.
generalized seizure
Primary generalized seizures begin with a widespread electrical discharge that involves both sides of the brain at once.
primarily generalized seizure
A seizure which affect the whole of the brain at onset.
partial seizure evolving to secondarily generalized seizure
simple partial seizure evolving to generalized seizure
complex partial seizure evolving to generalized seizure
simple partial seizure evolving to complex partial seizure evolving to generalized seizure
simple partial onset, followed by impairment of consciousness
with impairment of consciousness at onset
absence seizures
petit mal seizure
An absence seizure is a brief (usually less that 20 seconds), generalized epileptic seizure of sudden onset and termination.
atonic seizure
A type of generalized seizure that consist of a brief lapse in muscle tone that are caused by temporary alterations in brain function.
akinetic seizure
drop attack
drop seizure
myoclonic seizure
myoclonus
A type of seizure that is characterised by a very brief symmetric alternating contraction and relaxation of a muscle or a group of muscles.
clonic seizure
A type of seizure that is characterised by rhythmic symmetric alternating contraction and relaxation of a muscle or a group of muscles.
juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Janz syndrome
A type of epilepsy characterised by myoclonic seizures usually involving the neck, shoulders, and upper arms.
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
A type of epilepsy characterised by multiple different types of seizures, particularly including tonic (stiffening) and atonic (drop) types of seizures.
reflex seizure
reflex epilepsy
A type of seizure generated by sudden sensor stimulation caused by the environment.
environmental epilepsy
tonic clonic seizure
The seizures are divided into two phases, the tonic phase and the clonic phase, hence the name of the seizure, though a tonic clonic seizure will often be preceded by an aura.
grand mal seizure
gran mal seizure
A type of generalized seizure characterised by a combination of tonic stiffening (extensions) followed by clonic flexion motions.
tonic seizure
A type of seizure characterised by muscle rigidity.
febrile seizure
fever fit
A type of seizure associated with a significant rise in body temperature.
febrile convulsion
simple febrile seizure
A febrile seizure that lasts less than 15 minutes , does not recur in 24 hours, and involves the entire body.
complex febrile seizure
A febrile seizure characterized by longer duration, recurrence, or focus on only part of the body.
benign rolandic epilepsy
Benign rolandic epilepsy is characterized by either simple partial seizures involving the mouth and face or generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
benign (childhood) epilepsy with centrotemporal (EEG) spikes
medial temporal lobe epilepsy
A temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala which are located in the inner aspect of the temporal lobe.
MTLE
lateral temporal lobe epilepsy
A temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the neocortex on the outer surface of the temporal lobe of the brain.
LTLE
childhood absence epilepsy
pyknolepsy
continuous seizure
provoked seizure
non-epileptic seizure
Paroxysmal events that mimic an epileptic seizure but do not involve abnormal, rhythmic discharges of cortical neurons.
psychogenic non-epileptic seizure
A type of seizure of psychological origin that superficially resembles an epileptic seizure, but without the characteristic electrical discharges associated with epilepsy.
non-epileptic attack disorder
PNES
myoclonic epilepsy
A type of epilepsy that is characterised by myoclonic seizures.
progressive myoclonic epilepsy
A myoclonic epilepsy characterised by a combination of myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures.
status epilepticus
Continuous unremitting seizure lasting longer than 30 minutes or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness between seizures for greater than 30 minutes.
non-convulsive status epilepticus
generalised convulsive status epilepticus
complex partial status epilepticus
A convulsive status epilepticus characterized by seizures involving long-lasting stupor, staring and unresponsiveness.
absence status epilepticus
subtle status epilepticus
Subtle status epilepticus consists of electrical seizure activity in the brain that endures when the associated motor responses are fragmentary or even absent.
simple partial status epilepticus
Simple partial SE consists of seizures that are localized to a discrete area of cerebral cortex and produce no alteration in consciousness.
frontal lobe epilepsy
A type of epilepsy characterized by brief, recurring seizures that arise in the frontal lobes of the brain, often while the patient is sleeping.
nocturnal epilepsy
A type of epilepsy characterised by seizure, usually tonic clonic, that occur only during sleep.
photosensitive seizure
photosensitive epilepsy
A type of reflex seizure caused by visual stimuli that form patterns in time or space, such as flashing lights, bold, regular patterns, or regular moving patterns.
audiogenic seizure
A type of seizure induced by exposure to an auditory stimulus.
auditory stimulation induced seizure
typical absence seizure
An absence seizure induced by hyperventilation.
atypical absence seizure
An absence seizure not induced by hyperventilation.
secondary generalized seizure
A generalized seizure that was initiated as a partial seizure.
rapid secondary generalization
A generalized seizure that was initiated as a partial seizure but very rapidly spread to both hemispheres.
automatism
Automatisms may occur during complex partial or absence seizures.
Purposeless repetitive motor activities that often occur during a seizure.
oral automatism
An automatism characterised by involuntary oral activity such as lip smacking and swallowing.
gestural automatism
An automatism characterised by involuntary movement of the limbs or body such as fumbling, picking and rubbing.
complex motor automatism
An automatism characterised by stereotyped series of motor actions usually involving the limbs bilaterally such as swimming nmovements, kicking movements and bicycling movements.
drug induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by the administration of a drug.
drug overdose induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by accidental or intentional ingestion or application of a drug in quantities greater than recommended.
drug withdrawal induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by termination of drug administration.
hypoglycemia induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by lower than normal level of blood glucose levels.
cocaine overdose induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by the administration of cocaine.
isoniazide overdose induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by the administration of isoniazide.
amphetamine overdose induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by the administration of amphetamine.
antidepressant overdose induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by the administration of antidepressant.
theophylline overdose induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by the administration of theophylline.
penicillin overdose induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by the administration of penicillin.
alcohol withdrawal induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by termination of alcohol administration.
benzodiazepine withdrawal induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by termination of benzodiazepine administration.
barbiturates withdrawal induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by termination of barbiturates administration.
heroin withdrawal induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by termination of heroin administration.
hypomagnesemia induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by lower than normal level of blood magnesium levels.
electrical stimulation induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by exposure to an electrical stimulus.
trauma induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by the administration of a brain trauma.
kindling induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by kindling, a repeated administration of seizure invoking stimulus which eventually results changes in the brain.
electrical kindling induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by kindling, a repeated administration of electrical stimulus which eventually results changes in the brain.
chemical kindling induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by kindling, a repeated administration of chemical stimulus which eventually results changes in the brain.
auditory kindling induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by kindling, a repeated administration of auditory stimulus which eventually results changes in the brain.
hemiclonic seizure
A simple partial seizure affecting the kinesthetic behavior of one side of the body.
unilateral clonic seizure
left side clonic seizure
A simple partial seizure affecting the kinesthetic behavior of left side of the body.
right side clonic seizure
A simple partial seizure affecting the kinesthetic behavior of right side of the body.
infantile spasm
Massive Myoclonia
Infantile Myoclonic Encephalopathy
Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy
Generalized Flexion Epilepsy
West syndrome
jackknife convulsions
Salaam spasms
A type of epileptic seizures occurring in infants and characterised by clusters of myoclonic spasms.
hypocalcemia induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by lower than normal level of blood calcium levels.
secondary generalized tonic clonic seizure
A generalized tonic clonic seizure that was initiated as a partial seizure.
photostimulation induced seizure
A type of seizure induced by exposure to a light stimulus.
gelastic epilepsy
A type of epilepsy that is characterised a sudden burst of energy, usually in the form of laughing.
gelastic seizure
dacrystic epilepsy
dacrystic seizure
A type of epilepsy that is characterised a sudden paroxysmal crying.
aggressive behavior by intent
aggressive behavior by means
autoaggresssive behavior
Agressive behavior towards oneself.
social aggression behavior
An aggressive behavior towards other members of the society.
perception behavior phenotype
language communication behavior
A social behavior related to the activity of conveying information by means of a system of arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols.
spatial perception
jaw movement
tongue movement
eyelid movement
perception behavior by means
electrical nociceptive behavior
non-rapid eye movement sleep behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to all sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep.
rapid eye movement sleep phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity.
reproductive behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the actions or interactions of an organism that are associated with reproduction.
mating behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating.
post-mating behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the specific actions or reactions of an organism following mating.
sexual activity phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the activity which primary purpose is the sexual reproduction.
courtship behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic related to the behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of attracting sexual partners.
female courtship behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the actions or reactions of a female, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.
male courtship behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the actions or reactions of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.
copulation phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.
female sexual activity phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the female activity which primary purpose is the sexual reproduction.
male sexual activity phenotype
Observable characteristic of behavior related to the male activity which primary purpose is the sexual reproduction.
learning and/or memory behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behaviour related to the acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.
learning behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behaviour associated with any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.
memory behavior behavior
Observable characteristic of behaviour related to the ability of an organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences.
emission behavior phenotype
behavioral control of excretion phenotype
Observable characteristic of behaviour related to the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds.
behavioral control of defecation phenotype
Observable characteristic of behaviour related to the expulsion of feces from the rectum.
behavioral control of urination phenotype
Observable characteristic of behaviour related to the regulation of body fluids process by which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body.
behavioral control of production of sound phenotype
behavioral control of external secretion phenotype
behavioral control of lacrimation phenotype
Observable characteristic of behaviour related to the regulated release of the aqueous layer of the tear film from the lacrimal glands.
crying behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behaviour in which an organism sheds tears, often accompanied by non-verbal vocalizations and in response to external or internal stimuli.
mobbing calling phenotype
Observable characteristic of behaviour associated with signals made by the mobbing species while harassing a predator.
vocalization behavior phenotype
Observable characteristic of behaviour in which an organism produces sounds by a mechanism involving its respiratory system.
emotional conditioning
classes that are defined by relative position counting from first in a series in an individual organism rather than by homology
A class which has a weakened disjointness axiom, to avoid inconsistency. These are kept separately in the uberon_disjoint_from_strict ontology.
Indicates that subclasses in AOs may be inappropriately linked
A class that represents an early developmental structure, like a blastocyst. This part of the ontology is undergoing review to remove inappropriate grouping classes.
derived from the union of EHDAA2 and EMAPA - still to be checked
Subset consisting of classes creating for grouping purposes
High-level terms not to be used for direct annotation
classes that have some inconsistency with FMA
A grouping class that originates in two or more separate anatomical ontologies. Includes 'region of X' type terms
somewhat fuzzy grouping for analysis purposes, currently composed of something like: liver, heart, skeletal, kidney, bladder, brain, skin, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestines, trachea nose, lungs, brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, gonads
core classes typically found across metazoa. one purpose is to create a rough set of terms that could be used to start a new metazoan AO. Note this subset is not yet fully fleshed out
Catalytic activity terms in need of attention
organs, excluding individual muscles and skeletal elements
A subset specifically created for the 2012 Phenotype RCN meeting. Includes some human-specific terms that may eventually be removed when they are adequately represented with part of relationships in FMA
Relational slim: types of quality that require an additional entity in order to exist
Uberon slim - somewhat arbitrary subset that excludes obscure terms and deep compositional terms
abstract upper-level terms not directly useful for analysis
Terms in this subset group together terms from different anatomy ontologies that have conflicting upper ontology/CARO assignments. For example, in FMA the naris is immaterial and in ZFA it is an organism subdivision.
core classes typically found across vertebrates. one purpose is to create a rough set of terms that could be used to start a new vertebrate AO