part of
meristem eloboration
This term has been obsoleted to keep the structure simple.
OBSOLETE. the root meristem gets organized
fruit development stages
Stages of development of a fruit defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
stage 18 flower in Arabidopsis
stage 17 flower in Arabidopsis
formation of the leaf founder cells
P0 stage
The initial stage of leaf development where cells in the SAM are already determined to form a leaf primordium, but the primordium itself is not distinguishable morphologically.
anther developmental stages
Stages of development of the anther defined by characteristic morphological, cytological, histological or other visible features.
A archesporial cells visible
An initial stage during which archesporial cells arise in four corners of L2 layer. Change in shape of primordia to more oval.
B enlarged microsporocyte stage
pollen stage 2 in Arabidopsis
Stage during which the microsporocytes become conspicuous.
pollen developmental stages
pollen development in Arabidopsis
Stages of development of the pollen defined by characteristic morphological, cytological, histological or other visible features.
C callose wall formation in pollen mother cells
Stage during which diploid pollen mother cells become separated from each other and from tapetum by a callose wall.
pollen stage 3 in Arabidopsis
pollen mother cell stage
D pollen mother cell meiosis stage
Stage during which pollen mother cells undergo meiosis to form tetrads of microspores.
pollen stage 4 in Arabidopsis
F microspore release stage
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the callose wall between the tetrads breaks down and haploid microspores are released and lie freely in locules.
pollen stage 5 in Arabidopsis
A microsporogenous mass stage
pollen stage 1 in Arabidopsis
An initial stage during which the archesporial cells divide to give rise to primary parietal and sporogenous cells.
G early unicellular microspore stage
pollen stage 6 in Arabidopsis
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the microspores round up and small vacuoles appear in their cytoplasm. The microspore walls thicken due to the formation of the exine.
H late unicellular microspore stage
pollen stage 7 in Arabidopsis
Stage of microgametophyte development during which a large vacuole is formed in each microspore causing a rapid increase in size and a displacement of the nucleus to one side.
I first mitotic division stage
pollen stage 8 in Arabidopsis
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the asymmetric, first mitotic division of the microspores occurs producing a large vegetative cell and small generative cell, located near pollen wall.
K second mitotic division stage
In taxa with mature two-celled pollen, the second mitotic division takes place after pollen germination, in germinating pollen tube.
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the generative cell undergoes mitotic division to form two male gametes, the sperm cells.
pollen stage 9 in Arabidopsis
L mature pollen stage
Mature pollen stages is reached at three-celled pollen in some angiosperms (maize, rice and Arabidopsis), while in others, the maturepollen has two haploid cells (tobacco, snapdragon).
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the pollen reaches mature stage and desiccates.
pollen stage 10 in Arabidopsis
M germinated pollen stage
germinated pollen grain in Arabidopsis
The final stage in the life cycle of the male gametophyte. Upon rehydration, mature pollen grain forms a tubular outgrowth, the pollen tube, which carries the male gametes.
B formation of primary parietal and sporogenous cells
Stage during which the primary parietal and primary sporogenous layers are derived from archesporial cells.
formation of leaf primordium
Stage of leaf development when leaf primordium is formed as a small protrusion on the flank of SAM.
P1 stage
hood-shaped primordium
P2 stage
Stage of leaf development when a hood-shaped primordium is formed, partially enclosing P1 and SAM, as in Poaceae.
formation of ligule primordium
P3 stage
Stage of leaf development when conical P3 leaf completely encloses SAM, and the ligule primordium is visible, as in Poaceae.
rapid elongation of leaf blade
P4 stage
Stage of leaf development during which a rapid elongation of the leaf blade occurs; the elongation of the leaf sheath has not started, as in Poaceae.
rapid elongation of leaf sheath
Stage of leaf development during which a rapid elongation of the leaf sheath occurs, as in Poaceae.
P5 stage
C four anther lobes formed
Stage during which the four-lobed anther pattern with two developing stomium regions (notch) are formed.
D locules established
Stage during which the four clearly defined locules are established. All anther cell types present and microspore mother cells appear.
stage 8 flower in Arabidopsis
meristamtic zone formation
OBSOLETE. The meristematic zone is formed
elongation zone formation
OBSOLETE. The cells of root primordium undergo elonagtion
E tetrad stage
Stage immediately following meiosis, during which the tetrads of microspores are still hold together, enclosed by the callose wall.
specialization zone formation
OBSOLETE. The cells develop their characteristic morphology.
4 root elongation
In some plant species this stage is subdivided into distal and proximal elongating zones.
Benfey's stage 2 of root development
The stage at which root is elongating.
E tapetum degeneration initiated
Microspores within single locule are at unicellular stage.
Stage during which degeneration of the tapetum is initiated, as the deposition on the surface of the microspore primexine proceeds.
F bilocular anther stage
Stage during which anther becomes bilocular, after degeneration and breakage of septum below stomium.
G anther dehiscence
Stage during which the dehiscence of anthers occurs. Anther breaks along stomium and pollen is released.
H anther senescence
Stage during which the senescence of anther and stamen occurs. Shrinkage of cells and anther structure takes place.
dry seed stage
00 Dry Seed in soybean
dry seed in Arabidopsis
1.01-dry seed in Tricticeae
Mature seed with low moisture content.
BBCH growth stage 00
chalazal and micropylar domain establishment
The initial stage of endosperm development during which the chalazal and micropilar domains are established.
functional specialization of the endosperm
Stage of endosperm development during which the functional specialization of the maturing endosperm occurs.
sepal differentiation and expansion stage
Stage of calyx development defined by differentiation and expansion of sepal.
fully expanded sepal
Stage of calyx development when sepal is fully expanded.
lemma developmental stages
Stages of development of the lemma defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
palea developmental stages
Stages of development of the palea defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
lodicule developmental stages
Stages of development of the lodicule defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
leaf development stages
leaf development stage
leaf development in Arabidopsis
Stages of development of a leaf defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
1 leaf initiation stage
Cells in the primordium are not yet differentiated.
The earliest histological evidence of leaf initiation, i.e, a change in the orientation of cell division both in the epidermis and in internal layers of the shoot meristem occurs at this stage (Poethig S, 1997, Plant Cell 9:1077-1087).
leaf initiation in Arabidopsis
2 leaf expansion stage
leaf expansion stage in Arabidopsis
Stage of leaf development which begins when cell differentiation and cell expansion occurs and finishes when the leaf reaches its full size.n
3 leaf fully expanded
fully expanded leaf stage in Arabidopsis
Stage of leaf development when leaf is fully expanded.
4 leaf senescence stage
leaf senescence stage in Arabidopsis
The final stage of leaf development when the leaf ceases metabolic activity and senesces.
lemma primordia visible
The lemma primordium forms in 1/2 alternate phylotaxy in rice spikelet.
Stage of lemma development that begins when the lemma primordia arise.
lemma differentiation and expansion stage
Stage of lemma development defined by differentiation and expansion of lemma.
fully expanded lemma
Stage of lemma development when lemma is fully expanded.
palea primordia visible
The palea primordium forms in 1/2 alternate phylotaxy in rice spikelet.
Stage of palea development that begins when the palea primordia arise.
J bicellular pollen stage
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the small generative cell moves inward, becoming completely surrounded by the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell.
palea differentiation and expansion stage
Stage of palea development defined by differentiation and expansion of palea.
fully expanded palea
Stage of palea development when palea is fully expanded.
lodicule primordia visible
Two lodicules form on the side of the lemma in rice spikelet.
Stage of lodicule development that begins when the lodicule primordia arise.
N second mitotic division stage in germinating pollen
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the generative cell undergoes a mitotic division to form two male gametes, the sperm cells.
lodicule differentiation and expansion stage
Stage of lodicule development defined by differentiation and expansion of lodicule.
E expanded cotyledon stage
torpedo stage in Arabidopsis
curled cotyledon stage in Arabidopsis
The stage during which embryo axis and cotyledons rapidly elongate as a result of cell division and cell expansion.
fully expanded lodicule
Stage of lodicule development when lodicule is fully expanded.
F mature embryo stage
In some taxa, this occurs some time after the ripe fruit stage and after the dispersal of the seed.
Stage at which the embryo is fully developed.
mature (stage) in Arabidopsis
inflorescence development stages
Stages of development of an inflorescence defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
coleoptilar stage
SAM and radicle formation stage
The coleoptilar primordium, SAM and radicle are formed in the embryo of grasses.
true leaf formation
Not all embryos form true leaves during the embryonic development; this occurs post-embryonically in some taxa.
During this stage, the protrusion of the first leaf primordia takes place in succession.
primary endosperm cell stage
One cell stage that takes place following the fertilization, produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and one or more polar nuclei.
A zygotic stage
zygote in Arabidopsis
one cell stage
One cell stage that results from fertilization.
formation of starchy endosperm
OBSOLETE. Stage of endosperm development during wich the formation of starchy endosperm occurs.
formation of aleurone and starchy layers
Differentiation of aleurone layer, the outermost endosperm tissue, and the internal starchy tissue.
seed development stages
seed development in Arabidopsis
Stages of seed development, from fertilization to the dry or quiescent state.
B proembryo stage
eight-celled stage in Arabidopsis
Early embryo development from two cell stage to a multicellular globular stage before three main tissue systems are differentiated.
two-celled stage in Arabidopsis
C globular stage
globular stage in Arabidopsis
dermatogen stage in Arabidopsis
mid-globular stage in Arabidopsis
late globular stage in Arabidopsis
During this stage the embryo proper retains radial symmetry (increasing in diameter), and three main tissue systems are established.
sepals enclosing meristem
Stage of calyx development that begins when the developing sepals overlie the floral meristem.
stage 4 flower in Arabidopsis
sepals enclosing floral bud
Stage of calyx development that begins when the sepals enclose the floral bud.
stage 6 flower in Arabidopsis
formation of leaflet primordia
Stage at which leaflet primordia are initiated on the leaf primordium of a compound leaf.
gynoecium differentiation and expansion
Stage of gynoecium development defined by differentiation and expansion of carpels.
closure of carpel(s)
Closure of the carpel can occur in various ways, by fusion or secretion.
Stage of gynoecium development defined by the closure of the carpel(s).n
stigma cell differentiation
Epidermal cells at the top of developing style differentiate stigma.
ovule differentiation and expansion
Stage of ovule development defined by differentiation and expansion of ovules.
fertilized ovule stage
The earliest stage of seed development immediately following double fertilization.
developing seed stage
Stage of seed development characterized by seed growth and differentiation.
D bilateral stage
triangle stage in Arabidopsis
heart-shape stage
transition stage in maize
Change from radial to bilateral symmetry takes place during this embryonic stage.
heart stage in Arabidopsis
FR.01 early stage of fruit ripening
embryo stage 3 in maize
9.01-early dough in barley
early dough, kernel content soft, about 45% dry matter
9.01-early dough in oat
rice growth stage-8.1
9.01-early dough
8.03 Early ripening in soybean
tomato turning stage
8.1-early dough stage in rice
early dough stage in maize
dough stage in maize
R4 in maize
7.3 early dough stage/embryo 3 in maize
7.03-early dough in maize
The early stage in fruit ripening.
FR.01 early stage of fruit ripening in Solanaceae
7 linear grain-filling in maize
BBCH principal growth stage 83
9.01-early dough in wheat
09-dough development
IE.03 3/4 of inflorescence emerged from flag leaf sheath
6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged in oat
70% of panicle emerged in rice
6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged in barley
6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged in wheat
The stage at which 3/4 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath.
IL.03 full inflorescence length reached
4.04 full inflorescence length reached in soybean
The stage when the inflorescence reaches full length.
3 rapid growth stage
Many stages like leaf production PO:0007112, axillary shoot formation PO:0007073, inflorescence PO:0007047 often overlap with this stage
OBSOLETE.The stage at which the plant grows rapidly by either or both stem elongation and expansion of the rosette/foliage.
IL.02 1/2 inflorescence length reached
4.03 1/2 of inflorescence length reached in soybean
The stage when 1/2 Inflorescence is visible.
IL.00 inflorescence just visible
4.01 Inflorescence just visible in soybean
visible flower buds in Arabidopsis
Inflorescence just visible to the naked eye.
FF.03 fruit size 70%
Zadok scale-73, Haun scale-13
early milk stage
early milk stage in maize
late milk
7.07 Pod 70% of final length in soybean
tomato immature green
FF.03 fruit size 70% in Solanaceae
The stage when the size of the fruit is about 70% of final fruit size.
8.02-early milk in barley
8.02-early milk in oat
8.02-early milk in wheat
IE.02 1/2 of inflorescence emerged from flag leaf sheath
6.03-1/2 of inflorescence emerged in barley
middle of heading
first individual flowers visible
half bloom
6.03-1/2 of inflorescence emerged in oat
middle of panicle emergence in rice
08-heading
sorghum growth stage-7
6.03-1/2 of inflorescence emerged in wheat
The stage at which 1/2 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath.
FF.01 fruit size 30%
FF.01 fruit size 30% in Solanaceae
The stage when the size of the fruit is about 30% of final fruit size.
7.02 Pod 30% of final length in soybean
6 ripening
Although the use of stages like dough or particular ripening stages properly refer to the development of an individual fruit, they are commonly used as here to extrapolate to a growth of a whole plant or a group of plants.
maturity of fruit and seed
6 ripening in Solanaceae
kernel ripening
silique ripening in Arabidopsis
08-dough stage in rice
rice growth stage-8
dough stage
09-dough development in barley
BBCH principal growth stage 8
fruit ripening
09-dough development in oat
fruit maturity
8 Bean Development in soybean
09-dough development in wheat
dough stage kernels yellowish, about 55% dry matter
Maturation of the fruit.
10-dough stage in sorghum
inflorescence visible (sensu Poaceae)
There is no one-to-one correspondence between growth stages of inflorescences formation in members of Poaceae with that of other families.
BBCH principal growth stage 4
The stage at which grass plant is producing inflorescence(s).
BO.03 late boot stage
In rice the flag leaf sheath is more than 10cm out of the penultimate leaf sheath.
5.2-late booting stage in rice
rice growth stage-5.2
flag leaf sheath swollen
The flag leaf sheath swollen.
booting
05-booting in oat
sorghum growth stage-6
05-booting in barley
07-boot stage in sorghum
05-booting stage
rice growth stage-5
development of vegetatively propogated organs
05-booting in wheat
BBCH growth stage 40
Stage characterized by a swelling of the flag leaf sheath, caused by an increase in the size of the inflorescence as it grows up the leaf sheath.
radicle emergence
radicle emergence in Arabidopsis
0.02-radicle emergence from seed in maize
maize growth stage-0.2
1.04-radicle emerged from seed in barley
1.04-radicle emerged from seed in oat
The stage at which the radicle or root emerges from seed.
1.04-radicle emerged from seed in wheat
05 radicle emergence from seed coat in soybean
BBCH growth stage 05
0.2 radicle emergence from seed in maize
Zadok scale-5
radicle emergence in Solanaceae
1.04-radicle emerged from seed in Triticeae
4 flowering
silk emergence in maize
5 flowering in maize
The stage at which any flower(s) on the plant are open.
5.01-anthesis in maize
5.02-silking in maize
5.1 anthesis in maize
5.2 silking in maize
rice growth stage-6.1
pollen shed in maize
flowering in maize
anthesis stage
anthesis in maize
07-anthesis in barley
07-anthesis in wheat
07-anthesis in oat
4 flowering in Solanaceae
09-flowering in sorghum
VT in maize
sorghum growth stage 8
BBCH principal growth stage 6
R1 in maize
6 Flowering in soybean
6.1-flowering stage in rice
C senescence
The processes that occur near the end of a plant's active life that are associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, loss of functional chloroplasts, and an overall decline in metabolism.
10.03-kernel loosening in daytime in barley
senescence in Arabidopsis
10.03-kernel loosening in daytime in wheat
C senescence in Solanaceae
10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing in Triticeae
BBCH principal growth stage 9
10.03-kernel loosening in daytime in Triticeae
10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing in barley
9 Senescence in soybean
10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing in oat
10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing in wheat
10.03-kernel loosening in daytime in oat
BO.01 early boot stage
In rice the flag leaf sheath is 5cm out of the penultimate leaf sheath. Upper part of the stem is slightly thickened.
5.01-flag leaf sheath extending in oat
5.01-flag leaf sheath extending in barley
flag leaf sheath extending
rice growth stage-5.1
The flag leaf sheath has started to extend.
5.01-flag leaf sheath extending in wheat
5.1-early booting stage in rice
BO.05 flag leaf sheath opened
Awns will be visible only in those species and varieties where they are known to be present.
5.04-flag leaf sheath extending in oat
5.04-flag leaf sheath extending in wheat
first awns visible
The first awns are visible and the flag leaf sheath has opened.
5.04-flag leaf sheath extending in barley
plant structure development stages
The succession of changes during the development of plant parts.
imbibition
1.02-start of imbibition in barley
1.03-imbibition complete in barley
imbibition in Solanaceae
1.03-imbibition complete in oat
imbibition in Arabidopsis
1.02-start of imbibition in wheat
BBCH growth stage 01
1.03-imbibition complete in Tricticeae
1.03-imbibition complete in wheat
1.02-start of imbibition in oat
Absorption of water by the seed.
0.1 imbibition in maize
01 Beginning of seed imbibition in soybean
03 Seed imbibition complete in soybean
1.02-start of imbibition in Triticeae
IE.04 inflorescence fully emerged from flag leaf sheath
The stage at which the inflorescence has fully emerged from the flag leaf sheath.
6.05-emergence of inflorescence completed in barley
6.05-emergence of inflorescence completed in oat
6.05-emergence of inflorescence completed in wheat
end of panicle emergence in rice
FL.04 end of flowering
7.03-anthesis completed in barley
late reproductive
flowering complete
7.03-anthesis completed in oat
fruit set visible
7.03-anthesis completed in wheat
FL.04 end of flowering in Solanaceae
anthesis completed
6.09 End of flowering in soybean
The stage at which flowering is complete.
Zadok scale-69, Haun scale-11.6
IE.00 inflorescence tip just visible above flag leaf sheath
6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible in oat
6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible in wheat
visible flower buds
Zadok scale-50, Feekes scale-10.1, Haun scale-10.2
The stage at which the inflorescence tip is just visible above flag leaf sheath
first flower buds visible
beginning of heading
first spikelet visible
beginning of tassel emergence in maize
6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible in barley
beginning of panicle emergence in rice
FL.00 first flower(s) open
These first flowers are not necessarily the oldest flowers in the inflorescence. In some cereal plants the flowering starts in the middle of the inflorescence. This stage refers to the whole plant.
Stage R1 Open flower at any node on the main stem
FL.00 first flower(s) open in Solanaceae
The stage at which the first flower(s) open.
6.00 1st flowers on main stem open in soybean
7.01-anthesis beginning in wheat
7.01-anthesis beginning in Triticeae
7.01-anthesis beginning in oat
7.01-anthesis beginning in barley
first open flower in Arabidopsis
FF.04 final fruit size
Kernels in middle of cob yellowish-white
8.04-late milk in barley
7.09 Pod full size in soybean
tomato mature green
8.04-late milk in oat
FF.04 final fruit size in Solanaceae
BBCH principal growth stage 75
8.03-medium milk in oat
BBCH principal growth stage 79
8.03-medium milk in barley
nearly all kernels have reached final size
kernel content milky, 40% dry matter
8.03-medium milk in wheat
Stage R4 Full pod in soybean
The stage when the size of the fruit has reached the final fruit size.
BO.04 flag leaf sheath opening
Zadok scale-47
5.03-flag leaf sheath extending in oat
The flag leaf sheath starts opening.
5.03-flag leaf sheath extending in barley
5.03-flag leaf sheath extending in wheat
FF.02 fruit size 50%
The stage when the size of the fruit is about 50% of final fruit size.
blister stage in maize
BBCH principal growth stage 71
beginning of grain development, kernels at blister stage, 16% dry matter
FF.02 fruit size 50% in Solanaceae
Zadok scale-71, Feekes scale-10.54, Haun scale-12.1
7.01-blister stage in maize
caryopsis watery ripe
8.01-kernel watery ripe in oat
8.01-kernel watery ripe in wheat
kernel watery ripe
R2 in maize
7.03 Pod 50% of final length in soybean
8.01-kernel watery ripe in barley
watery ripe
shoot emergence
07 shoot emergence in soybean
BBCH growth stage 09
shoot emergence in Solanaceae
Shoot or leaf breaks through soil surface.
FR.02 mid stage of fruit ripening
R3 in maize
soft dough
9.02-soft dough in oat
9.02-soft dough in barley
FR.02 mid stage of fruit ripening in Solanaceae
7.4 late dough stage/embryo 4 in maize
Stage R6 Full seed in soybean
DNA degradation (endosperm) in maize
8.05 Mid ripening in soybean
Zadok scale-85, Feekes scale-11.2
BBCH principal growth stage 85
The stage when fruit ripening is midway.
9.02-soft dough in wheat
embryo stage 4 in maize
10.01-soft dough in sorghum
tomato orange fruit
FF.00 fruit size 10%
stage R3 in soybean
FF.00 fruit size 10% in Solanaceae
The stage when the size of the fruit is about 10% of final fruit size.
7.01 Pod 10% of final length in soybean
whole plant growth stages
Solanaceae whole plant growth stages
sorghum growth stage
cereal plant ontology
rice growth stage
plant growth stages in Arabidopsis
plant growth stage ontology
The succession of changes during the growth of the whole plant.
maize growth stage
wheat, barley and oat growth stage
FL.01 1/4 of flowers open
6.02 1/4 of flowers on the main stem open in soybean
FL.01 1/4 of flowers open in Solanaceae
The stage at which 1/4 of flowers open
7-8 fruit formation and maturation
We have chosen to use fruit size as a marker of these physiological processes to represent the whole plant growth stage.
06-post-flowering in maize
OBSOLETE: This stage refers to the developmental and physiological changes that occur in the whole plant after fertilization and during fruit development, maturation, and provisioning.
grain-filling in maize
7 Pod Formation in soybean
6 post-flowering/lag phase in maize
first silique shattered
5.4 fertilization in maize
effective filling period in maize
5.3 pollination in maize
double fertilization in maize
lag phase in maize
7-8 Fruit Formation and Maturation in soybean
C-embryo stage in rice
post-flowering in maize
proembryo in maize
BBCH principal growth stage 7
R1in maize
FR.00 beginning of fruit ripening
beginning of fruit coloration
The stage at which fruit maturation begins.
FR.00 beginning of fruit ripening in Solanaceae
8.01 Beginning of bean ripening in soybean
inflorescence bifurcation stage
Stage of inflorescence development marked by the formation of two, oftern equal-sized, inflorescence meristems from one inflorescence meristem.
FR.04 fruit ripening complete
10.01-kernel medium hard
The stage at which fruit ripening is complete.
10.02-kernel hard
tomato fully red ripe fruit
fully ripe kernels hard and shiny about 65% dry matter in maize
FR.04 fruit ripening complete in Solanaceae
dry kernel in maize
10-ripening in oat
BBCH principal growth stage 89
10-ripening in wheat
dry seed in maize
9.2 dry kernel in maize
fully ripe
10-ripening in Triticeae
fully ripe grain hard, difficult to divide by thumbnail in rice
9.02 dry kernel in maize
10-ripening in barley
8.09 Final ripening in soybean
leaf trichome development stage
Stages of development of a trichome defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features
inflorescence emergence from flag leaf sheath
The stage at which the inflorescence emerges from the flag leaf sheath.
heading
06-inflorescence emergence in barley
06-inflorescence emergence in oat
tasseling
rice growth stage-6
06-inflorescence emergence in wheat
half bloom in sorghum
08-heading in sorghum
06-heading stage in rice
5 fruit formation
Although the use of stages like milk or particular fruit sizes properly refer to the development of an individual fruit, they are commonly used as here to extrapolate to a growth of a whole plant or a group of plants.
exponential in maize
free nuclear in maize
07-milk stage in rice
dilatory in maize
6.2 exponential in maize
Zadok scale-70
6.1 dilatory in maize
6.02-exponential in maize
rice growth stage-7
6.01-dilatory in maize
5 fruit formation in Solanaceae
08-milk development in wheat
mitotic in maize
08-milk development in oat
milk grain
Formation of the seed-bearing structure after flowering.
milk stage in rice
08-milk development in barley
hypocotyl emergence
Occurs in plants with epigeal germination.
BBCH growth stage 08
hypocotyl and cotyledon emergence in Arabidopsis
Emergence of the hypocotyl above ground.
0.07.02 Hypocotyl emerges above soil in soybean
hypocotyl emergence in Solanaceae
0.07.01 Cotyledons and hypocotyl emerge in soybean
BO.02 mid boot stage
In rice the flag leaf sheath is 5-10cm out of the penultimate leaf sheath.
5.02-flag leaf sheath extending in wheat
Zadok scale-45, Feekes scale-10, Haun scale-9.2
flag leaf sheath just visibly swollen
The flag leaf sheath is just visibly swollen.
5.02-flag leaf sheath extending in barley
5.02-flag leaf sheath extending in oat
coleoptile emergence
0.3 coleoptile emergence from seed in maize
Emergence of coleoptile above ground.
IL.01 1/4 inflorescence length reached
The stage when 1/4 Inflorescence is visible.
4.02 1/4 of inflorescence length reached in soybean
3 inflorescence visible
BBCH principal growth stage 5
4 Inflorescence Formation in soybean
3 inflorescence visible in Solanaceae
The stage at which plant is producing inflorescence(s).
IE.01 1/4 of inflorescence emerged from flag leaf sheath
6.02-1/4 of inflorescence emerged in wheat
6.02-1/4 of inflorescence emerged in oat
Zadok scale-53, Feekes scale-10.2
The stage at which 1/4 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath.
6.02-1/4 of inflorescence emerged in barley
30% of panicle emerged in rice
cotyledon emergence
This cannot be used in plants with hypogeal germination.
Zadok scale-10, Feekes scale-1
1.1 seedling emergence in maize
cotyledons fully open in Arabidopsis
2.01-first leaf through coleoptile in barley
cotyledon emergence in Solanaceae
2.01-first leaf through coleoptile in Triticeae
2.01-first leaf through coleoptile in wheat
first leaf through coleoptile (sensu Oryza)
2.01-first leaf through coleoptile in oat
first leaf through coleoptile (sensu Triticeae)
BBCH growth stage 10
maize growth stage-1.1
seedling emergence (sensu Sorghum)
sorghum growth stage-0
Emergence of cotyledons above ground.
01-seedling emergence in sorghum
1.00 Cotyledon visible in soybean
1.00 imperfect leaf unrolled
LP.00 cotyledon visible
1.01-seedling emergence in maize
VE in maize
VE stage in soybean
FR.03 late stage of fruit ripening
9.03-hard dough in barley
embryo stage 5 in maize
The late stage of fruit ripening.
9 maturity in maize
dent stage in maize
tomato red firm fruit
storage maturity in maize
Zadok scale-87, Haun scale-15
sorghum growth stage-10
9.1 physiological maturity/embryo 6 in maize
9.03-hard dough in wheat
rice growth stage-8.2
black layer in maize
9.03-hard dough in oat
attenuative in maize
leveling off of dry matter accumulation
BBCH principal growth stage 87
physiological maturity, black dot, about 60% dry matter in maize
FR.03 late stage of fruit ripening in Solanaceae
09-maturity in maize
10.02-hard dough in sorghum
Stage R7 Beginning maturity in soybean
embryo stage 6 in maize
8 leveling off of grain-filling/embryo 5 in maize
hard dough
8.07 Late ripening in soybean
late dough grain in rice
R5 in maize
late dough stage in rice
8.2-hard dough stage in rice
R6 in maize
BO.00 booting begins
Booting has just begun.
FL.03 3/4 of flowers open
The stage at which 3/4 of flowers open.
6.02 3/4 of flowers on main stem open in soybean
flowering finishing
FL.03 3/4 of flowers open in Solanaceae
Stage R2 Open flower at one of the two uppermost nodes on the main stem with fully developed leaf in soybean
FL.02 1/2 of flowers open
Haun scale-11.5
FL.02 1/2 of flowers open in Solanaceae
The stage at which 1/2 of flowers open.
7.02-anthesis half-way in oat
7.02-anthesis half-way in wheat
6.02 1/2 of flowers on main stem open in soybean
7.02-anthesis half-way in barley
full flowering
epicotyl emergence
Only the first true foliage leaf or pair of leaves are visible. Occurs in plants with hypogeal germination.
Emergence of the epicotyl above ground.
1 pattern formation
trichome initiation stage that determine numbers of trichome are formed
0 germination
01-germination in barley
BBCH principal growth stage 0
0 Germination in soybean
01-germination in Triticeae
0 germination in Solanaceae
germination in Arabidopsis
01-germination in rice
maize growth stage-0
01-germination in oat
rice growth stage-1
00-germination in maize
01-germination in wheat
The resumption of growth by the embryo in a seed.
0 germination in maize
2 endoreduplication
the stage trichome nuclei continue to replicate their DNA after mitosis and cytokinesis have ceased, and as a consequence have a DNA content much greater than 2C
3 branch formation
ths stage trichome develops branches
obsolete growth and development terms
2.00 main shoot only
3.01-main shoot only in barley
3.01-main shoot only in oat
OBSOLETE
3.01-main shoot only in Triticeae
3.01-main shoot only in wheat
Zadok scale-20
SE.06 six nodes or internodes visible
A measure of vegetative growth, but leaf production is to be preferred.
4.07-sixth node detectable in wheat
4.07-sixth node detectable in oat
The stage at which six nodes or six internodes are visible.
BBCH growth stage 36
3.06 6 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
4.07-sixth node detectable in barley
Zadok scale-36
LP.07 seven leaves visible
The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node.
The stage at which leaves at seven nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
6-8 leaves in maize
3.01-ear initiation
3.1 ear initiation/mid-whorl stage in maize
Zadok scale-, Haun scale-6.+
2.08-seven leaves unfolded in oat
ear initiation in maize
2.08-seven leaves unfolded in wheat
maize growth stage-3.1
mid-whorl stage in maize
7 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
7 leaves unfolded
seven leaves unfolded (sensu Triticeae)
seven rosette leaves
2.08-seven leaves unfolded in barley
2.08-seven leaves unfolded in Triticeae
1.07 6th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
seventh leaf unfolded
LP.07 seven leaves visible in Solanaceae
BBCH growth stage 17
7-leaf in maize
V7 in maize
Stage V6 in soybean
LP.12 twelve leaves visible
The stage at which leaves at twelve nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
maize growth stage-3.3
3.3 mid-vegetative
mid-vegetative in maize
3.03-mid-vegetative
12 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
V12 in maize
1.12 11th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
mid-vegetative stage of maize
Stage V11 in soybean
twelve leaves unfolded
twelve rosette leaves
3.3 mid-vegetative stage of maize
LP.05 five leaves visible
2.06-five leaves unfolded in wheat
early whorl stage in maize
2.06-five leaves unfolded in oat
Zadok scale-15, Haun scale-4.+
five leaves unfolded (sensu Triticeae)
2.06-five leaves unfolded in barley
2.06-five leaves unfolded in Triticeae
five leaf stage (sensu Sorghum)
fifth leaf unfolded
The stage at which leaves at five nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
4-6 leaves in maize
LP.05 five leaves visible in Solanaceae
rice growth stage-3
sorghum growth stage-3
Stage V4 in soybean
tassel differentiation in maize
5 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
5 leaves unfolded
BBCH growth stage 15
tassel initiation in maize
02-tassel initiation in maize
maize growth stage-2
04-five leaf stage in sorghum
five rosette leaves
1.05 4th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
2 tassel initiation/early whorl stage in maize
V5 in maize
SE.09 nine nodes or internodes visible
3.09 9 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
The stage at which nine nodes or nine internodes are visible.
BBCH growth stage 39
LP.17 seventeen leaves visible
3.4 late vegetative in maize
3.4 late vegetative stage of maize
3.04-late vegetative
late vegetative stage of maize
late vegetative in maize
1.17 16th trifoliate leaf unfolded in soybean
The stage at which leaves at seventeen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
Stage V16 in soybean
maize growth stage-3.4
V17 in maize
maize V17 stage
mid rosette growth
Rosette has reached approximately 50% of its final diameter.
mid rosette growth in Arabidopsis
SE.08 eight nodes or internodes visible
BBCH growth stage 38
3.08 8 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
The stage at which eight nodes or eight internodes are visible.
2.02 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at two nodes
The axillary shoot can be a single shoot or a pair of axillary shoots at each node.
main shoot and 2 tillers
second axillary shoot detectable
second tiller detectable
3.03-main shoot and two tillers
BBCH growth stage 22
2.02 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 2 nodes in soybean
2.02 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at two nodes in Solanaceae
main shoot and two tillers in barley
main shoot and second tiller visible
main shoot and two tillers in wheat
Zadok scale-22
main shoot and two tillers in oat
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at two nodes are visible.
LP.18 eighteen leaves visible
The stage at which leaves at eighteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
maize V18 stage
1.18 17th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
Stage V17 in soybean
V18 in maize
2 formation of axillary shoot
03-tillering in oat
2 axillary Shoot Formation in soybean
03-tillering in barley
The stage at which the axillary shoots are forming.
2 formation of axillary shoot in Solanaceae
BBCH principal growth stage 2
formation of side shoot
tillering
03-tillering stage in rice
03-tillering in wheat
SE.15 fifteen nodes or internodes visible
The stage at which fifteen nodes or fifteen internodes are visible.
3.15 15 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
5.02 20% of inflorescence emerged.
late rosette growth
Rosette has reached approximately 70% of its final diameter.
late rosette growth in Arabidopsis
2.08 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at eight nodes
3.09-main shoot and eight tillers
main shoot and eight tillers in wheat
2.08 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 8 nodes in soybean
BBCH growth stage 28
main shoot and eight tillers in oat
2.08 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at eight nodes in Solanaceae
Zadok scale-28
eighth axillary shoot detectable
main shoot and eighth tiller visible
main shoot and eight tillers in barley
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at eight nodes are visible.
eighth tiller detectable
main shoot and 8 tillers
rosette growth complete
complete rosette in Arabidopsis
Stage at which rosette no longer increases in diameter, its leaf growth and expansion having ceased.
SE.00 stem elongation begins
rice panicle initiation
The stage at which the internodes begin to elongate.
pseudo stem erection
pseudo stem and tillers erect
BBCH growth stage 30
4.2-panicle differentiation stage
4.1-panicle initiation stage
3.00 stem elongation begins in soybean
rice green ring stage
4.01-pseudo stem erection in oat
4.01-pseudo stem erection in wheat
4.01-pseudo stem erection in barley
2.03 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at three nodes
third axillary shoot detectable
BBCH growth stage 23
3.04-main shoot and three tillers
third tiller detectable
2.03 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at three nodes in Solanaceae
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at three nodes are visible.
main shoot and third tiller visible
main shoot and 3 tillers
main shoot and three tillers in oat
2.03 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 3 nodes in soybean
main shoot and three tillers in barley
Zadok scale-23
main shoot and three tillers in wheat
early rosette growth
Rosette has reached approximately 20% of its final diameter.
early rosette growth in Arabidopsis
LP.20 twenty or more leaves whorls visible
1.23 22nd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
1.24 23rd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
1.25 25 or more trifoliolate leaves unfolded in soybean
V20 in maize
Stage V25 in soybean
Stage V23 in soybean
Stage V22 in soybean
1.21 20th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
1.22 21st trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
The stage at which leaves at twenty or more nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.20 19th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
Stage V20 in soybean
Stage V21 in soybean
maize V20 stage
LP.13 thirteen leaves visible
thirteen rosette leaves
thirteen leaves unfolded
Stage V12 in soybean
1.13 12th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
V13 in maize
13 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
The stage at which leaves at thirteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
SE.10 ten nodes or internodes visible
The stage at which ten nodes or ten internodes are visible.
3.10 10 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
LP.14 fourteen leaves visible
The stage at which leaves at fourteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
V14 in maize
1.14 13th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
Stage V13 in soybean
14 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
fourteen rosette leaves
fourteen leaves unfolded
SE.05 five nodes or internodes visible
4.06-fifth node detectable in barley
3.05 5 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
4.06-fifth node detectable in oat
The stage at which five nodes or five internodes are visible.
4.06-fifth node detectable in wheat
BBCH growth stage 35
Zadok scale-35
2.01 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at one node
Zadok scale-21, Feekes scale-2
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoot(s) at one node is (are) visible.
first tiller detectable
main shoot and 1 tiller
main shoot and first tiller visible
main shoot and one tiller in barley
first axillary shoot detectable
3.02-main shoot and one tiller
BBCH growth stage 21
2.01 Main shoot and axillary shoot visible at one node in soybean
main shoot and one tiller in oat
2.01 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at one node in Solanaceae
main shoot and one tiller in wheat
2.04 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at four nodes
Zadok scale-24
fourth axillary shoot detectable
main shoot and fourth tiller visible
2.04 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at four nodes in Solanaceae
fourth tiller detectable
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at four nodes are visible.
main shoot and 4 tillers
main shoot and four tillers in barley
2.04 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 4 nodes in soybean
main shoot and four tillers in oat
BBCH growth stage 24
main shoot and four tillers in wheat
3.05-main shoot and four tillers
stem elongation
sorghum growth stage-4
crop cover in potato
BBCH principal growth stage 3
04-stem elongation in oat
04-stem elongation in wheat
internode elongation
05-growing point differentiation
04-stem elongation stage in Triticeae
jointing stage
04-stem elongation in barley
rice growth stage-4
3 rapid stem elongation in maize
rapid stem elongation
shoot development
3 Stem Elongation in soybean
The stage at which the internodes elongate.
stem elongation in Solanaceae
SE.13 thirteen nodes or internodes visible
3.13 13 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
The stage at which thirteen nodes or thirteen internodes are visible.
SE.01 one node or internode visible
4.02-first node detectable in barley
4.02-first node detectable in oat
BBCH growth stage 31
The stage at which one node or one internode is visible.
4.02-first node detectable in wheat
3.01 one node visible in soybean
Zadok scale-31, Feekes scale-6
SE.04 four nodes or internodes visible
Zadok scale-34
BBCH growth stage 34
3.04 4 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
4.05-fourth node detectable in wheat
4.05-fourth node detectable in barley
4.05-fourth node detectable in oat
The stage at which four nodes or four internodes are visible.
2.05 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at five nodes
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at five nodes are visible.
2.05 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 5 nodes in soybean
2.05 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at five nodes in Solanaceae
3.06-main shoot and five tillers in Triticeae
main shoot and five tillers in wheat
Zadok scale-25
main shoot and fifth tiller visible
3.06-main shoot and five tillers in wheat
main shoot and 5 tillers
BBCH growth stage 25
fifth tiller detectable
fifth axillary shoot detectable
3.06-main shoot and five tillers in barley
main shoot and five tillers in oat
3.06-main shoot and five tillers in oat
main shoot and five tillers in barley
LP.01 one leaf visible
In the taxa with hypogeal type germination the first leaf on the epicotyl is leaf 1, and in grasses, the coleoptile is leaf 1. The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node.
rice growth stage-2.1
V1 in maize
1.2 1-2 leaves in maize
V01 stage (sensu Zea)
VC stage in soybean
The stage at which leaves at one node, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
2.02-first leaf unfolded in wheat
1.01 Unifoliolate leaves unfolded in soybean
2.02-first leaf unfolded in oat
1.02-one to two leaves in maize
Zadok scale-11, Haun scale-1.+
2.02-first leaf unfolded in barley
LP.01 one leaf visible in Solanaceae
maize growth stage-1.2
2.02-first leaf unfolded in Triticeae
pre tillering
BBCH growth stage 11
1-4 leaf stage in rice
LP.08 eight leaves visible
eight rosette leaves
eight leaves unfolded (sensu Triticeae)
eight leaf unfolded
3.01-ear initiation in Maize
8 leaves unfolded
8 rosette leaves in Arabidopsis
8-leaf in maize
The stage at which leaves at eight nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
BBCH growth stage 18
LP.08 eight leaves visible in Solanaceae
2.09-eight leaves unfolded in barley
2.09-eight leaves unfolded in Triticeae
V8 in maize
1.08 7th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
Stage V7 in soybean
Zadok scale-18, Haun scale-7.+
2.09-eight leaves unfolded in wheat
2.09-eight leaves unfolded in oat
SE.03 three nodes or internodes visible
The stage at which three nodes or three internodes are visible.
BBCH growth stage 33
4.04-third node detectable in wheat
4.04-third node detectable in oat
4.04-third node detectable in barley
3.03 3 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
Zadok scale-33
SE.14 fourteen nodes or internodes visible
3.14 14 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
The stage at which fourteen nodes or fourteen internodes are visible.
LP.02 two leaves visible
In grasses, the plant has one leaf plus the coleoptile. The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node.
LP.02 two leaves visible in Solanaceae
V1 stage in soybean
V2 in maize
Zadok scale-12, Haun scale-1.+
2.03-two leaves unfolded in Triticeae
two rosette leaves
two leaves unfolded (sensu Triticeae)
2.03-two leaves unfolded in oat
2.03-two leaves unfolded in barley
BBCH growth stage 12
The stage at which leaves at two nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
2.03-two leaves unfolded in wheat
2 leaves unfolded
2 rosette leaves in Arabidopsis
1.02 First trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
SE.97 flag leaf visible
06-flag leaf visible in sorghum
4.08-flag leaf just visible in wheat
Zadok scale-37, Feekes scale-8
4.08-flag leaf just visible in barley
The stage at which the flag leaf is visible.
4.08-flag leaf just visible in oat
SE.16 sixteen or more nodes or internodes visible
The stage at which sixteen nodes or more, or sixteen internodes or more are visible.
3.16 16 or more nodes/internodes visible in soybean
LP.09 nine leaves visible
10-leaf in maize
2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded in Triticeae
V9 in maize
Zadok scale-19
LP.09 nine or more leaves whorls visible
Stage V8 in soybean
2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded in wheat
3.02-late whorl stage
maize growth stage-3.2
2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded in barley
2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded in oat
The stage at which leaves at nine nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
3.2 late whorl stage in maize
ninth leaf unfolded
nine rosette leaves
BBCH growth stage 19
9-leaf in maize
1.09 8th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
9-11 leaves in maize
9 or more leaves unfolded
9 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
5.04 40% of inflorescence emerged
LP.10 ten leaves visible
Stage V9 in soybean
V10 in maize
ten rosette leaves
The stage at which leaves at ten nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground
10 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
LP.15 fifteen leaves visible
Stage V14 in soybean
1.15 14th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
V15 in maize
The stage at which leaves at fifteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
5.06 60% of inflorescence emerged
LP.03 three leaves visible
02-three leaf stage in sorghum
1.03 2nd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
maize growth stage-1.3
3-leaf stage in maize
sorghum growth stage-1
Zadok scale-13, Haun scale-2.+
BBCH growth stage 13
V3 in maize
2.04-three leaves unfolded
V2 stage in soybean
3 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
The stage at which leaves at three nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.03-three to four leaves in maize
LP.03 three leaves visible in Solanaceae
1.3 3-4 leaves in maize
5.08 80% of inflorescence emerged
SE.07 seven nodes or internodes visible
The stage at which seven nodes or seven internodes are visible.
3.07 7 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
BBCH growth stage 37
SE.99 maximum stem length reached
The stage at which maximum stem length is reached.
sorghum growth stage-5
Zadok scale-39, Feekes scale-9
4.09-flag leaf ligule/collar just visible in wheat
flag leaf stage in sorghum
4.09-flag leaf ligule/collar just visible in barley
flag leaf stage
flag leaf fully unrolled
3.99 Maximum stem length reached in soybean
4.09-flag leaf ligule/collar just visible in oat
ligule just visible
2.09 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at nine or more nodes
maximum number of tillers visible
main shoot and nine or more tillers in barley
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at nine nodes or more are visible.
maximum number of tillers visible in rice
2.09 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 9 or more nodes in soybean
main shoot and 9 or more tiller
nine or more axillary shoots detectable
2.09 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at nine or more nodes in Solanaceae
3.1-maximum tillering
main shoot and nine or more tillers in wheat
maximum number of tillers detectable in
main shoot and nine or more tillers in oat
3.10-main shoot and nine or more tillers in Triticeae
Zadok scale-29
BBCH growth stage 29
SE.12 twelve nodes or internodes visible
The stage at which twelve nodes or twelve internodes are visible.
3.12 12 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
1 main shoot growth
In monocots each leaf stage is defined according to the uppermost leaf whose collar is visible (Handbook of plant and crop physiology)
The stage at which vegetative structures are being produced by SAM.
BBCH principal growth stage 1
01-seedling stage of maize
1 seedling in maize
02-seedling growth of barley
1 main shoot growth in Solanaceae
02-seedling stage of rice
sorghum principal growth stage 1
02-seedling growth of oat
02-seedling growth of wheat
rosette growth
rosette growth in Arabidopsis
Stages of growth based on expansion of the rosette in Arabidopsis
SE.11 eleven nodes or internodes visible
The stage at which eleven nodes or eleven internodes are visible.
3.11 11 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
LP.04 four leaves visible
The stage at which leaves at four nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.04 3rd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
2.05-four leaves unfolded in Triticeae
4 leaves unfolded
sorghum growth stage-2
4 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
V4 in maize
Stage V3 in soybean
LP.04 four leaves visible in Solanaceae
four rosette leaves
03-four leaf stage in sorghum
fourth leaf unfolded
Zadok scale-14, Haun scale-3.+
BBCH growth stage 14
LP.11 eleven leaves visible
Stage V10 in soybean
1.11 10th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
3.02-late whorl stage in maize
eleven rosette leaves
3.2 late whorl stage of maize
V11 in maize
The stage at which leaves at eleven nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
11 rosette leaves in Arabidopsis
late whorl stage of maize
SE.02 two nodes or internodes visible
4.03-second node detectable in barley
4.03-second node detectable in oat
4.03-second node detectable in wheat
BBCH growth stage 32
Zadok scale-32, Feekes scale-7
3.02 2 nodes/internode visible in soybean
The stage at which two nodes or two internodes are visible.
2.06 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at six nodes
main shoot and six tillers in oat
3.07-main shoot and six tillers
2.06 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at six nodes in Solanaceae
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at six nodes are visible.
sixth tiller detectable
sixth axillary shoot detectable
BBCH growth stage 26
main shoot and six tillers in wheat
Zadok scale-26, Feekes scale-3
main shoot and 6 tillers
2.06 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 6 nodes in soybean
main shoot and six tillers in barley
LP.16 sixteen leaves visible
V16 in maize
Stage V15 in soybean
1.16 15th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
The stage at which leaves at sixteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
16 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
LP.19 nineteen leaves visible
Stage V18 in soybean
V19 in maize
1.19 18th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
The stage at which leaves at nineteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
6.01 10% of flowers open
2.07 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at seven nodes
main shoot and seven tillers in barley
2.07 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 7 nodes in soybean
main shoot and 7 tillers
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at seven nodes are visible.
main shoot and seven tillers in oat
main shoot and seven tillers in wheat
main shoot and seventh tiller visible
seventh axillary shoot detectable
seventh tiller detectable
Zadok scale-27
BBCH growth stage 27
3.08-main shoot and seven tillers
2.07 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at seven nodes in Solanaceae
LP.06 six leaves visible
2.07-six leaves unfolded in Triticeae
The stage at which leaves at six nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.06 5th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
6-leaf in maize
6 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
6 leaves unfolded
3.01-ear initiation in maize
Zadok scale-16, Haun scale-5.+
V6 in maize
Stage V5 in soybean
six leaves unfolded (sensu Triticeae)
LP.06 six leaves visible in Solanaceae
BBCH growth stage 16
sixth leaf unfolded
six rosette leaves
6.03 30% of flowers open
6.04 40% of flowers open
7.02 fruit size 20%
7.04 fruit size 40%
7.2 milk stage/embryo 2 in maize
7.06 fruit size 60%
7.08 fruit size 80%
B reproductive growth
B reproductive growth in Solanaceae
Stage of growth when reproductive structures are being produced.
reproductive in Arabidopsis
B-reproductive stage in rice
seedling growth
Growth of embryo after imbibition up to the development of the first adult leaves.
seedling growth in Solanaceae
seedling in Arabidopsis
D dormancy
10.08-secondary dormancy induced in barley
10.08-secondary dormancy induced in Triticeae
10.08-secondary dormancy induced in wheat
10.08-secondary dormancy induced in oat
10.05-seed dormant in barley
10.09-secondary dormancy lost in Triticeae
10.05-seed dormant in Triticeae
10.09-secondary dormancy lost in oat
A suspension of physiological activity that can be reactivated once it is broken.
10.09-secondary dormancy lost in wheat
10.06-viable seed germination in wheat
10.09-secondary dormancy lost in barley
10.07-seed not dormant in Triticeae
10.05-seed dormant in oat
10.07-seed not dormant in barley
10.05-seed dormant in wheat
10.06-viable seed germination in Triticeae
10.07-seed not dormant in oat
D dormancy in Solanaceae
10.06-viable seed germination in barley
10.07-seed not dormant in wheat
10.06-viable seed germination in oat
leaf production
This stage is recommended over rosette growth or stem elongation as it is most easily observed and least ambiguous.
The stage at which the leaves produced by SAM are visible above the ground in a seedling or mature plant.
leaf production in Solanaceae
A vegetative growth
Stage of growth when vegetative structures are being produced.
A vegetative growth in Solanaceae
A-vegetative stage in rice
vegetative in Arabidopsis
4 growth directionality
the stage involved in the directionality of expansion growth
root cap formation
The number and origin of root cap initials that form the root cap varies among species. The root cap initials become independent from the more internally located root meristem cells by an increase in the thickness of the cell wall that separates them
root cap formation in crown root.
root cap formation in lateral root.
root cap formation in primary root.
The stage at which the root cap becomes evident.
A2.1 root intials differntiation of primary roots
OBSOLETE. The root initials divide repeatedly and add more cells
crown root primordium formation
Crown root primordia formed endogenously opposite the collateral bundles in maize.
The stage at which the initial cells of crown root primordium are formed in the innermost ground meristem cells by one or two periclinal divisions.
1 root primordium formation
The stage at which root primordium originates and develops at specific locations in embryonic and post embryonic roots.
primary root primordium formation
The stage at which a group of cells or initials that will differentiate into the primary root become organized in the embryo .
root vascular cylinder differentiation
The first identifiable region in the differentiating vascular cylinder is the pericycle. In the xylem the differentiation of the tracheary elements begins in a centrifugal direction but is completed in the centripetal direction. The first phloem elements mature before the first xylem elements.
The stage at which the root vascular cylinder becomes evident.
root emergence
The stage at which the fully formed root emerges.
lateral root primordium formation
This stage at which the transverse divisions in pericycle cells form the initials of the lateral root primordium.
A2 root initials differentiation stage
Crown root stages are based on rice plant. This term has been obsoleted to keep the structure simple.
OBSOLETE. The root initials differentiate by cell division and cell expansion.
root cortex differentiation
Repetitive periclinal divisions and radial enlargement of cells form the cortex layers, the innermost layers become the endodermis with the differentiation of casparian strips.
The stage at which the root cortex becomes evident.
cortex differentiation of primary root.
cortex differentiation of lateral root
cortex differentiation of crown root.
B3 crown root meristem formation
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the meristem of the crown root becomes evident.
root epidermal differentiation
Root hairs come to full development beyond the region of elongation zone, approximately at the level where the xylem begins to mature.
The stage at which the root epidermis becomes evident.
epidermial differentiation of crown root.
epidermal differentiation of lateral root.
epidermal differentiation of primary root
lateral root emergence
Starch grains can be seen in the root cap after emergence.
The stage at which the lateral root emerges.
crown root emergence
Crown root stages are based on rice plant.
The stage at which the crown root emerges.
5 root hair formation
Benfey's stage 3 of root development
The stage at which the root hairs becomes evident.
root development stages
At present the stages are described for primary, lateral and crown roots and stages for adventitious root formed by wounding or hormone treatment is not described. Finer resolution of root stages has been kept in the obsolete node as they are not consistently used in the consulted literature. These terms will be reintroduced into the ontology when there is a specific user request.
root development stage
Stages of development of a root defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
C3.1 metaxylem differentiation of root.
These stages are based on Arabidopsis plant. This term has been obsoleted to keep the structure simple.
metaxylem differentiation of primary root
OBSOLETE. Differentiation begins with the enlargement and vacuolation of the tracheary elements of the metaxylem.
metaxylem differentiation of lateral root
metaxylem differentiation of crown root
establishment of initial cells
OBSOLETE. The root initial cells are established.
B1 primary root meristem formation
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the meristem of the primary root becomes evident.
3 establishment of tissue systems
establishment of fundamental organization lateral root.
establishment of fundamental organization in primary root.
establishment of fundamental organization in adventitious root
Benfey's stage 1 of root development
cell differentiation stage of root development
The stage at which distinct tissues become organized.
F2 root hair elongation
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the root hairs are fully elongated.
2 root meristem formation
Characteristic differences in meristem organization have been related to taxonomic groups. Terms for developmental zones formation are available in the oboslete node, and they will be reintroduced in the ontology when there is a specific user request for them.
The stage at which the root meristem becomes evident.
A2.2 root initials differentiation of lateral roots
OBSOLETE. Radial expansion followed by subsequent periclinal divisions forms the pericycle-derived tissues.
E emerged root elongation
emerged crown root elongation
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the emerged root starts to elongate.
emerged lateral root elongation
emrged primary root elongation
A2.3 founder cell derivatives of lateral root
OBSOLETE. Radial expansion followed by subsequent periclinal divisions forms the isodiametric founder cell tissues.
F1 root hair initiation
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the roots hairs are initiated.
obsolete plant growth and development terms
C3.3 maturation of protoxylem elements in root.
maturation of protoxylem elements in primary root
maturation of protoxylem elements in lateral root
maturation of protoxylem elements in crown root
OBSOLETE. The first protoxylem elements next to the pericycle develop secondary walls and mature.
A2.4 root initials differentiation of crown roots
OBSOLETE. Initial cells of crown root primordium divide anticlinally and periclinally to form epidermis-endodermis initial, vascular-cylinder initial and root cap initial.
A1 root initials formation stage
Endogenously formed embryonic roots are exclusive to Poaceae.nThis term has been obsoleted to keep the structure simple.
OBSOLETE. After the formation of the apical-basal axis in the young embryo, the central and basal portion give rise to the root meristem.
root primordium visible
OBSOLETE. the root primordium is visbile
C3.2 maturation of phloem elements in root.
maturation phloem elements of crown root.
maturation phloem elements of lateral root.
maturation phloem elements of primary root.
OBSOLETE. The first phloem elements matures.
B2 lateral root meristem formation
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the meristem of the lateral root becomes evident.
3 floral organ development stages
Stages of development of floral organs defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
1 floral meristem visible
Stage of flower development marked by the emergence of the floral meristem on the flank of the inflorescence meristem.
stage 1 flower in Arabidopsis
2 floral meristem notched
Stage of floral development that begins when the floral meristem becomes demarcated from the inflorescence meristem by a slight indentation.
stage 2 flower in Arabidopsis
calyx developmental stages
Stages of development of the calyx defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
corolla developmental stages
Stages of development of the corolla defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
androecium developmental stages
Stages of development of the androecium defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
gynoecium developmental stages
Stages of development of the gynoecium defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
sepal primordium visible
stage 3 flower in Arabidopsis
Stage of calyx development that begins when the sepal primordia arise.
petal primordium visible
Stage of corolla development that begins when the petal or petal-stamen primordia arise.
stage 5 flower in Arabidopsis
sepals 50% of final size
OBSOLETE. 50% of the absolute size of the sepals.
sepals 100% of final size
OBSOLETE. 100% of the absolute size of the sepals.
petal differentiation and expansion stage
stage 10 flower in Arabidopsis
Stage of corolla development defined by differentiation and expansion of petal.
stage 9 flower in Arabidopsis
stage 12 flower in Arabidopsis
fully expanded petal
Stage of corolla development when petal is fully expanded.
stamen primordium visible
Stage of androecium development that begins when the stamens or petal-stamen primordia arise.
stage 7 flower in Arabidopsis
flower development stages
Stages of development of a flower defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
flower development in Arabidopsis
4 anthesis
stage 15 flower in Arabidopsis
stage 14 flower in Arabidopsis
stage 13 flower in Arabidopsis
The phase of a flower when pollen is presented and/or the stigma is receptive.
5 post anthesis
The phase of a flower after the pollen is presented and/or the stigma is receptive.
stage 16 flower in Arabidopsis
carpel primordium visible
Stage of gynoecium development that begins when the carpel primordia arise.
ovule developmental stages
Stages of development of the ovule defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
ovule development in Arabidopsis
ovule primordium visible
Stage of ovule development that begins when the ovule primordia arise.
ovule stage 1-I in Arabidopsis
megagametophyte developmental stages
Although megaspore and megagametophyte development are normally separate, one spore producing one gametophyte, in some flowering plants a single gametophyte may be produced from two or four spores.
Stages of development of the megagametophyte.
integument initiation stage
ovule stage 2-III in Arabidopsis
ovule stage 2-II in Arabidopsis
Stage of ovule development that begins when the integument primordia are visible.
A megaspore mother cell enlarges
ovule stage 2-I in Arabidopsis
The stage of megagametophyte development when the megaspore mother cell enlarges.
B meiosis of megaspore mother cell
ovule stage 2-IV in Arabidopsis
The stage of megagametophyte development when the megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis.
C tetrad of megaspores
ovule stage 2-V in Arabidopsis
The product of meiosis of the megaspore mother cell.
D megaspore degeneration
In some plants more than one megaspore contributes to the megametophyte.
ovule stage 3-I in Arabidopsis
The stage of megagametophyte development when non-functional megaspores degenerate.
E two nucleate megagametophyte
The stage of megagametophyte development when there are two nuclei.
ovule stage 3-II in Arabidopsis
F four nucleate megagametophyte
The stage of megagametophyte development when there are four nuclei.
ovule stage 3-IV in Arabidopsis
G eight nucleate megagametophyte
Some plants do not form an eight nucleate megametophyte.
The stage of megagametophyte development when there are eight nuclei.
ovule stage 3-V in Arabidopsis
embryo development stages
embryonic in Arabidopsis
Stages of development of the embryo.
embryo development stage
seed maturation stage
seed maturation in Arabidopsis
Stage during which the seed storage products (storage proteins, lipids and starch) are being accumulated, either in the cotyledons or in the endosperm. Also, LEA proteins are accumulated and subsequentially, desiccation tolerant state is reached at the end of this stage.
endosperm development stages
Stages of development of the endosperm.
plant growth and development stages
Arabidopsis growth
The succession of changes leading from the zygote to the mature plant.
plant ontology
OBSOLETE. A controlled vocabulary to describe the various plant parts and the growth and developmental stages.
calyx absolute size
OBSOLETE. The proportion of the absolute size reached by the calyx
calyx relationship
OBSOLETE. The stages of development of the calyx with respect to the rest of the bud
inflorescence initiation stage
Stage of inflorescence development marked by the formation of the inflorescence meristem on a vegetative branch.