part_of
adjacent_to
derives_by_manipulation_from
The derives_by_manipulation_from relation, is a special case of the RO relation derives_from. Derives_from implies an instance level derivation that holds between two distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. Likewise, derives_by_manipulation_from joins two plant structures before and after some manipulation. Specifically, derives_by_manipulation_from is used to describe the relation between an in vitro plant structure and the in vivo plant structure that is its temporal precursor.
A derives_by_manipulation_from B means: A is a type of in vitro plant structure, and every instance of A exists at a point in time later than some instance of B from which it was created through human manipulation, and every instance of A inherited a biologically significant portion of its matter from the instance of B from which it was derived.
develops_from
has_part
has_participant
participates_in
meristem eloboration
This term has been obsoleted to keep the structure simple.
OBSOLETE. the root meristem gets organized
fruit development stage
Stages of development of a fruit defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
stage 18 flower in Arabidopsis
stage 17 flower in Arabidopsis
formation of the leaf founder cells
P0 stage
The initial stage of leaf development when cells in the SAM are already determined to form a leaf primordium, but the primordium itself is not distinguishable morphologically.
anther development stage
Stages of development of the anther defined by characteristic morphological, cytological, histological or other visible features.
A archesporial cells visible
An initial stage during which archesporial cells arise in four corners of L2 layer. Change in shape of primordia to more oval.
B enlarged microsporocyte stage
pollen stage 2 in Arabidopsis
Stage during which the microsporocytes become conspicuous.
pollen development stage
pollen development in Arabidopsis
Stages of development of the pollen defined by characteristic morphological, cytological, histological or other visible features.
C callose wall formation in pollen mother cells
Stage during which diploid pollen mother cells become separated from each other and from tapetum by a callose wall.
pollen stage 3 in Arabidopsis
pollen mother cell stage
D pollen mother cell meiosis stage
Stage during which pollen mother cells undergo meiosis to form tetrads of microspores.
pollen stage 4 in Arabidopsis
F microspore release stage
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the callose wall between the tetrads breaks down and haploid microspores are released and lie freely in locules.
pollen stage 5 in Arabidopsis
A microsporogenous mass stage
pollen stage 1 in Arabidopsis
An initial stage during which the archesporial cells divide to give rise to primary parietal and sporogenous cells.
G early unicellular microspore stage
pollen stage 6 in Arabidopsis
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the microspores round up and small vacuoles appear in their cytoplasm. The microspore walls thicken due to the formation of the exine.
H late unicellular microspore stage
pollen stage 7 in Arabidopsis
Stage of microgametophyte development during which a large vacuole is formed in each microspore causing a rapid increase in size and a displacement of the nucleus to one side.
I first mitotic division stage
pollen stage 8 in Arabidopsis
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the asymmetric, first mitotic division of the microspores occurs producing a large vegetative cell and small generative cell, located near pollen wall.
K second mitotic division stage
In taxa with mature two-celled pollen, the second mitotic division takes place after pollen germination, in germinating pollen tube.
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the generative cell undergoes mitotic division to form two male gametes, the sperm cells.
pollen stage 9 in Arabidopsis
L mature pollen stage
Mature pollen stages is reached at three-celled pollen in some angiosperms (maize, rice and Arabidopsis), while in others, the maturepollen has two haploid cells (tobacco, snapdragon).
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the pollen reaches mature stage and desiccates.
pollen stage 10 in Arabidopsis
M germinated pollen stage
germinated pollen grain in Arabidopsis
The final stage in the life cycle of the male gametophyte. Upon rehydration, mature pollen grain forms a tubular outgrowth, the pollen tube, which carries the male gametes.
B formation of primary parietal and sporogenous cells
Stage during which the primary parietal and primary sporogenous layers are derived from archesporial cells.
formation of leaf primordium
Stage of leaf development when leaf primordium is formed as a small protrusion on the flank of SAM.
P1 stage
hood-shaped primordium
P2 stage
Stage of leaf development when a hood-shaped primordium is formed, partially enclosing P1 and SAM, as in Poaceae.
formation of ligule primordium
P3 stage
Stage of leaf development when conical P3 leaf completely encloses SAM, and the ligule primordium is visible, as in Poaceae.
rapid elongation of leaf blade
P4 stage
Stage of leaf development during which a rapid elongation of the leaf blade occurs; the elongation of the leaf sheath has not started, as in Poaceae.
rapid elongation of leaf sheath
Stage of leaf development during which a rapid elongation of the leaf sheath occurs, as in Poaceae.
P5 stage
C four anther lobes formed
Stage during which the four-lobed anther pattern with two developing stomium regions (notch) are formed.
D locules established
Stage during which the four clearly defined locules are established. All anther cell types present and microspore mother cells appear.
stage 8 flower in Arabidopsis
meristamtic zone formation
OBSOLETE. The meristematic zone is formed
elongation zone formation
OBSOLETE. The cells of root primordium undergo elonagtion
E tetrad stage
Stage immediately following meiosis, during which the tetrads of microspores are still hold together, enclosed by the callose wall.
specialization zone formation
OBSOLETE. The cells develop their characteristic morphology.
4 root elongation
In some plant species this stage is subdivided into distal and proximal elongating zones.
Benfey's stage 2 of root development
The stage at which root is elongating.
E tapetum degeneration initiated
Microspores within single locule are at unicellular stage.
Stage during which degeneration of the tapetum is initiated, as the deposition on the surface of the microspore primexine proceeds.
F bilocular anther stage
Stage during which anther becomes bilocular, after degeneration and breakage of septum below stomium.
G anther dehiscence
Stage during which the dehiscence of anthers occurs. Anther breaks along stomium and pollen is released.
H anther senescence
Stage during which the senescence of anther and stamen occurs. Shrinkage of cells and anther structure takes place.
dry seed stage
00 Dry Seed in soybean
dry seed in Arabidopsis
1.01-dry seed in Triticeae
Mature seed with low moisture content.
BBCH growth stage 00
chalazal and micropylar domain establishment
The initial stage of endosperm development during which the chalazal and micropilar domains are established.
functional specialization of the endosperm
Stage of endosperm development during which the functional specialization of the maturing endosperm occurs.
sepal differentiation and expansion stage
Stage of calyx development defined by differentiation and expansion of sepal.
fully expanded sepal
Stage of calyx development when sepal is fully expanded.
lemma development stage
Stages of development of the lemma defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
palea development stage
Stages of development of the palea defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
lodicule development stage
Stages of development of the lodicule defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
leaf development stage
leaf development in Arabidopsis
Stages of development of a leaf defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
1 leaf initiation stage
Cells in the primordium are not yet differentiated.
The earliest histological evidence of leaf initiation, i.e, a change in the orientation of cell division both in the epidermis and in internal layers of the shoot meristem occurs at this stage (Poethig S, 1997, Plant Cell 9:1077-1087).
leaf initiation in Arabidopsis
2 leaf expansion stage
leaf expansion stage in Arabidopsis
Stage of leaf development which begins when cell differentiation and cell expansion occurs and finishes when the leaf reaches its full size.
3 leaf fully expanded
fully expanded leaf stage in Arabidopsis
Stage of leaf development when leaf is fully expanded.
4 leaf senescence stage
leaf senescence stage in Arabidopsis
The final stage of leaf development when the leaf ceases metabolic activity and senesces.
lemma primordia visible
The lemma primordium forms in 1/2 alternate phylotaxy in rice spikelet.
Stage of lemma development that begins when the lemma primordia arise.
lemma differentiation and expansion stage
Stage of lemma development defined by differentiation and expansion of lemma.
fully expanded lemma
Stage of lemma development when lemma is fully expanded.
palea primordia visible
The palea primordium forms in 1/2 alternate phylotaxy in rice spikelet.
Stage of palea development that begins when the palea primordia arise.
J bicellular pollen stage
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the small generative cell moves inward, becoming completely surrounded by the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell.
palea differentiation and expansion stage
Stage of palea development defined by differentiation and expansion of palea.
fully expanded palea
Stage of palea development when palea is fully expanded.
lodicule primordia visible
Two lodicules form on the side of the lemma in rice spikelet.
Stage of lodicule development that begins when the lodicule primordia arise.
N second mitotic division stage in germinating pollen
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the generative cell undergoes a mitotic division to form two male gametes, the sperm cells.
lodicule differentiation and expansion stage
Stage of lodicule development defined by differentiation and expansion of lodicule.
E expanded cotyledon stage
torpedo stage in Arabidopsis
curled cotyledon stage in Arabidopsis
The stage during which embryo axis and cotyledons rapidly elongate as a result of cell division and cell expansion.
fully expanded lodicule
Stage of lodicule development when lodicule is fully expanded.
F mature embryo stage
In some taxa, this occurs some time after the ripe fruit stage and after the dispersal of the seed.
Stage at which the embryo is fully developed.
mature (stage) in Arabidopsis
inflorescence development stage
Stages of development of an inflorescence defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
coleoptilar stage
SAM and radicle formation stage
The coleoptilar primordium, SAM and radicle are formed in the embryo of grasses.
true leaf formation
Not all embryos form true leaves during the embryonic development; this occurs post-embryonically in some taxa.
During this stage, the protrusion of the first leaf primordia takes place in succession.
primary endosperm cell stage
One cell stage that takes place following the fertilization, produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and one or more polar nuclei.
plant zygote stage
Precedes the plant embyro stage (PO:0007631). Refers to the GO biological process term fertilization (GO:0009566).
zygote in Arabidopsis
one cell stage
zygote stage
A sporophyte development stage (PO:0007134) that occurs during the interval between fertilization and the first cell division of the plant zygote (PO:0000423).
formation of starchy endosperm
OBSOLETE. Stage of endosperm development during wich the formation of starchy endosperm occurs.
formation of aleurone and starchy layers
Differentiation of aleurone layer, the outermost endosperm tissue, and the internal starchy tissue.
seed development stage
Includes the stages of seed development, from fertilization to the dry or quiescent state. May have as part an embryo development stage.
seed development in Arabidopsis
A plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a seed.
B proembryo stage
two-celled stage in Arabidopsis
Early embryo development from two cell stage to a multicellular globular stage before three main tissue systems are differentiated.
eight-celled stage in Arabidopsis
C globular stage
dermatogen stage in Arabidopsis
late globular stage in Arabidopsis
globular stage in Arabidopsis
During this stage the embryo proper retains radial symmetry (increasing in diameter), and three main tissue systems are established.
mid-globular stage in Arabidopsis
sepals enclosing meristem
stage 4 flower in Arabidopsis
Stage of calyx development that begins when the developing sepals overlie the floral meristem.
sepals enclosing flower bud
stage 6 flower in Arabidopsis
sepals enclosing floral bud
Stage of calyx development that begins when the sepals enclose the floral bud.
formation of leaflet primordia
Stage at which leaflet primordia are initiated on the leaf primordium of a compound leaf.
gynoecium differentiation and expansion
Stage of gynoecium development defined by differentiation and expansion of carpels.
closure of carpel(s)
Closure of the carpel can occur in various ways, by fusion or secretion.
Stage of gynoecium development defined by the closure of the carpel(s).
stigma cell differentiation
Epidermal cells at the top of developing style differentiate stigma.
ovule differentiation and expansion
Stage of ovule development defined by differentiation and expansion of ovules.
fertilized ovule stage
The earliest stage of seed development immediately following double fertilization.
developing seed stage
Stage of seed development characterized by seed growth and differentiation.
D bilateral stage
heart stage in Arabidopsis
transition stage in maize
heart-shape stage
Change from radial to bilateral symmetry takes place during this embryonic stage.
triangle stage in Arabidopsis
FR.01 early stage of fruit ripening
embryo stage 3 in maize
8.1-early dough stage in rice
early dough, kernel content soft, about 45% dry matter
9.01-early dough
FR.01 early stage of fruit ripening in Solanaceae
8.03 Early ripening in soybean
rice growth stage-8.1
7.03-early dough in maize
R4 in maize
7.3 early dough stage/embryo 3 in maize
early dough stage in maize
tomato turning stage
dough stage in maize
BBCH principal growth stage 83
7 linear grain-filling in maize
09-dough development
The early stage in fruit ripening.
9.01-early dough in wheat
9.01-early dough in oat
9.01-early dough in barley
IE.03 3/4 of inflorescence emerged from flag leaf sheath
6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged in oat
6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged in wheat
The stage at which 3/4 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath.
6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged in barley
70% of panicle emerged in rice
IL.03 full inflorescence length reached stage
This phase can only be used if the final length of the inflorescence is known.
3.4 late vegetative (maize)
An inflorescence detectable phase during which an inflorescence has reached at its full length.
4.04 full inflorescence length reached in soybean
VT (maize)
3 rapid growth stage
Many stages like leaf production PO:0007112, axillary shoot formation PO:0007073, inflorescence PO:0007047 often overlap with this stage
OBSOLETE.The stage at which the plant grows rapidly by either or both stem elongation and expansion of the rosette/foliage.
IL.02 1/2 inflorescence length reached stage
An inflorescence detectable phase during which an inflorescence has reached at least one half of its full length, but has not yet reached its full length.
4.03 1/2 of inflorescence length reached in soybean
IL.00 inflorescence just visible stage
Includes the time when the inflorescence can be seen by removing outer leaves or bracts, or when the inflorescence is visible as a swelling of the outer leaves or bracts, such as booting in Zea. This phase can only be used if the final length of the inflorescence is known.
4.01 Inflorescence just visible in soybean
visible flower buds in Arabidopsis
An inflorescence detectable phase during which an inflorescence is just visible, but has not yet reach one quarter of its full length.
FF.03 fruit size 50 to 70% stage
This term can only be used of the final size of the fruit is known.
late milk
FF.03 fruit size 70% in Solanaceae
7.07 Pod 70% of final length in soybean
early milk stage in maize
8.02-early milk in barley
early milk stage
8.02-early milk in oat
8.02-early milk in wheat
tomato immature green
Zadok scale-73, Haun scale-13
A fruit formation stage that spans the interval when a fruit has reached 50% to 70% of its final size.
IE.02 1/2 of inflorescence emerged from flag leaf sheath
6.03-1/2 of inflorescence emerged in wheat
first individual flowers visible
half bloom
sorghum growth stage-7
middle of heading
6.03-1/2 of inflorescence emerged in barley
middle of panicle emergence in rice
08-heading
The stage at which 1/2 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath.
6.03-1/2 of inflorescence emerged in oat
FF.01 fruit size 10 to 30% stage
FF.01 fruit size 30% in Solanaceae
7.02 Pod 30% of final length in soybean
A fruit formation stage that spans the interval when a fruit has reached 10% to 30% of its final size.
6 ripening
Although the use of stages like dough or particular ripening stages properly refer to the development of an individual fruit, they are commonly used as here to extrapolate to a growth of a whole plant or a group of plants.
Maturation of the fruit.
6 ripening in Solanaceae
kernel ripening
fruit ripening
8 Bean Development in soybean
fruit maturity
09-dough development in wheat
dough stage kernels yellowish, about 55% dry matter
08-dough stage in rice
10-dough stage in sorghum
silique ripening in Arabidopsis
09-dough development in oat
09-dough development in barley
BBCH principal growth stage 8
maturity of fruit and seed
dough stage
rice growth stage-8
BO.03 late boot stage
In rice the flag leaf sheath is more than 10cm out of the penultimate leaf sheath. Booting is a term used specifically for grasses (Poaceae).
rice growth stage-5.2
The flag leaf sheath swollen.
flag leaf sheath swollen
5.2-late booting stage in rice
booting stage
Booting is a term used specifically for grasses (Poaceae).
rice growth stage-5
development of vegetatively propogated organs
sorghum growth stage-6
05-booting stage
07-boot stage in sorghum
05-booting in wheat
BBCH growth stage 40
05-booting in oat
05-booting in barley
An inflorescence detectable phase characterized by a swelling of the flag leaf sheath, caused by an increase in the size of the inflorescence as it grows up the leaf sheath.
radicle emergence stage
The actual point of emergence from the seed coat (PO:0009088) may not be observed if the seed is underneath a growth medium.
1.04-radicle emerged from seed in Triticeae
radicle emergence in Arabidopsis
A root development stage (PO:0007520) during which a radicle (PO:0020031) emerges from the seed coat (PO:0009088).
radicle emergence
1.04-radicle emerged from seed in oat
radicle emergence in Solanaceae
1.04-radicle emerged from seed in barley
maize growth stage-0.2
0.02-radicle emergence from seed in maize
0.2 radicle emergence from seed in maize
05 radicle emergence from seed coat in soybean
BBCH growth stage 05
Zadok scale-5
1.04-radicle emerged from seed in wheat
4 flowering
07-anthesis in barley
07-anthesis in oat
07-anthesis in wheat
The stage at which any flower(s) on the plant are open.
09-flowering in sorghum
anthesis stage
anthesis in maize
VT in maize
sorghum growth stage 8
6.1-flowering stage in rice
6 Flowering in soybean
5.2 silking in maize
silk emergence in maize
rice growth stage-6.1
5.02-silking in maize
5.1 anthesis in maize
BBCH principal growth stage 6
5 flowering in maize
5.01-anthesis in maize
flowering in maize
pollen shed in maize
4 flowering in Solanaceae
R1 in maize
sporophyte senescent stage
The sporophyte senescent stage is often preceded by the sporophyte reproductive stage, and it ends with death of the sporophyte, either as a result of senescence or some other cause. The sporophyte senescent stage may succeed the sporophyte reproductive stage in monocarpic plants that die after reproducing, such as annuals. This stage is distinct from sporophyte dormant stage, in which organs may senesce, but some parts of the plant remain alive. Multicellular organism senescence/aging (GO:0010259) includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well processes like cellular senescence, organ senescence, and wear and tear. The POC curators have requested to the GOC that they revise the definition of GO:0010259, to make it more appropriate for plants.
10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing in wheat
9 Senescence in soybean
A sporophyte development stage during which a sporophyte participates in multicellular organism senescence.
10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing in oat
senescence in Arabidopsis
10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing in Triticeae
BBCH principal growth stage 9
10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing in barley
10.03-kernel loosening in daytime in wheat
10.03-kernel loosening in daytime in Triticeae
10.03-kernel loosening in daytime in oat
10.03-kernel loosening in daytime in barley
sporophyte senescence stage
C senescence in Solanaceae
BO.01 early boot stage
In rice the flag leaf sheath is 5cm out of the penultimate leaf sheath. Upper part of the stem is slightly thickened. Booting is a term used specifically for grasses (Poaceae).
5.01-flag leaf sheath extending in barley
rice growth stage-5.1
The flag leaf sheath has started to extend.
5.01-flag leaf sheath extending in oat
5.01-flag leaf sheath extending in wheat
5.1-early booting stage in rice
flag leaf sheath extending
BO.05 flag leaf sheath opened stage
Awns will be visible only in those species and varieties where they are known to be present. Booting is a term used specifically for grasses (Poaceae).
The first awns are visible and the flag leaf sheath has opened.
first awns visible
5.04-flag leaf sheath extending in wheat
5.04-flag leaf sheath extending in oat
5.04-flag leaf sheath extending in barley
seed imbibition stage
1.03-imbibition complete in barley
01 Beginning of seed imbibition in soybean
1.03-imbibition complete in wheat
1.02-start of imbibition in wheat
BBCH growth stage 01
03 Seed imbibition complete in soybean
1.02-start of imbibition in Triticeae
imbibition in Arabidopsis
1.02-start of imbibition in oat
0.1 imbibition in maize
1.02-start of imbibition in barley
1.03-imbibition complete in oat
imbibition in Solanaceae
1.03-imbibition complete in Tricticeae
A germination stage during which there is absorption of water by the seed.
IE.04 inflorescence fully emerged from flag leaf sheath
The stage at which the inflorescence has fully emerged from the flag leaf sheath.
end of panicle emergence in rice
6.05-emergence of inflorescence completed in wheat
6.05-emergence of inflorescence completed in oat
6.05-emergence of inflorescence completed in barley
FL.04 end of flowering
7.03-anthesis completed in barley
6.09 End of flowering in soybean
flowering complete
fruit set visible
7.03-anthesis completed in oat
late reproductive
Zadok scale-69, Haun scale-11.6
The stage at which flowering is complete.
anthesis completed
FL.04 end of flowering in Solanaceae
7.03-anthesis completed in wheat
IE.00 inflorescence tip just visible above flag leaf sheath
6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible in wheat
beginning of heading
beginning of panicle emergence in rice
6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible in barley
Zadok scale-50, Feekes scale-10.1, Haun scale-10.2
6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible in oat
visible flower buds
first flower buds visible
first spikelet visible
beginning of tassel emergence in maize
The stage at which the inflorescence tip is just visible above flag leaf sheath.
FL.00 first flower(s) open
These first flowers are not necessarily the oldest flowers in the inflorescence. In some cereal plants the flowering starts in the middle of the inflorescence. This stage refers to the whole plant.
FL.00 first flower(s) open in Solanaceae
6.00 1st flowers on main stem open in soybean
7.01-anthesis beginning in wheat
Stage R1 Open flower at any node on the main stem
The stage at which the first flower(s) open.
first open flower in Arabidopsis
7.01-anthesis beginning in oat
7.01-anthesis beginning in Triticeae
7.01-anthesis beginning in barley
FF.04 fruit size 70% to final size stage
BBCH principal growth stage 79
nearly all kernels have reached final size
8.03-medium milk in oat
FF.04 final fruit size in Solanaceae
8.03-medium milk in barley
tomato mature green
7.09 Pod full size in soybean
BBCH principal growth stage 75
Stage R4 Full pod in soybean
8.04-late milk in oat
kernel content milky, 40% dry matter
8.04-late milk in barley
Kernels in middle of cob yellowish-white
8.03-medium milk in wheat
A fruit formation stage that spans the interval when a fruit has reached 70% of its final size to its final size.
BO.04 flag leaf sheath opening stage
5.03-flag leaf sheath extending in oat
5.03-flag leaf sheath extending in wheat
Zadok scale-47
The flag leaf sheath starts opening.
5.03-flag leaf sheath extending in barley
FF.02 fruit size 30 to 50% stage
watery ripe
FF.02 fruit size 50% in Solanaceae
R2 in maize
8.01-kernel watery ripe in wheat
kernel watery ripe
8.01-kernel watery ripe in oat
8.01-kernel watery ripe in barley
BBCH principal growth stage 71
7.03 Pod 50% of final length in soybean
Zadok scale-71, Feekes scale-10.54, Haun scale-12.1
beginning of grain development, kernels at blister stage, 16% dry matter
7.01-blister stage in maize
blister stage in maize
A fruit formation stage that spans the interval when a fruit has reached 30% to 50% of its final size.
caryopsis watery ripe
seedling shoot emergence stage
07 shoot emergence in soybean
Shoot or leaf breaks through soil surface.
shoot emergence in Solanaceae
BBCH growth stage 09
FR.02 mid stage of fruit ripening
Stage R6 Full seed in soybean
8.05 Mid ripening in soybean
DNA degradation (endosperm) in maize
Zadok scale-85, Feekes scale-11.2
tomato orange fruit
FR.02 mid stage of fruit ripening in Solanaceae
7.4 late dough stage/embryo 4 in maize
9.02-soft dough in barley
embryo stage 4 in maize
10.01-soft dough in sorghum
9.02-soft dough in oat
The stage when fruit ripening is midway.
soft dough
9.02-soft dough in wheat
R3 in maize
BBCH principal growth stage 85
FF.00 fruit size up to 10% stage
This fruit development stage may begin without fertilization or formation of a zygote in cases of parthenocarpy, apomixis, or other hormone-induced conditions. This term can only be used of the final size of the fruit is known.
stage R3 in soybean
FF.00 fruit size 10% in Solanaceae
7.01 Pod 10% of final length in soybean
A fruit formation stage that begins with the formation of a zygote and ends when the fruit has reached 10% of its final size.
whole plant development stage
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003).
plant growth stages in Arabidopsis
sorghum growth stage
plant growth stage ontology
wheat, barley and oat growth stage
maize growth stage
rice growth stage
cereal plant ontology
Solanaceae whole plant growth stages
FL.01 1/4 of flowers open
6.02 1/4 of flowers on the main stem open in soybean
FL.01 1/4 of flowers open in Solanaceae
The stage at which 1/4 of flowers open.
7-8 fruit formation and maturation
We have chosen to use fruit size as a marker of these physiological processes to represent the whole plant growth stage.
OBSOLETE. This stage refers to the developmental and physiological changes that occur in the whole plant after fertilization and during fruit development, maturation, and provisioning.
lag phase in maize
7-8 Fruit Formation and Maturation in soybean
7 Pod Formation in soybean
proembryo in maize
post-flowering in maize
6 post-flowering/lag phase in maize
R1in maize
5.3 pollination in maize
BBCH principal growth stage 7
C-embryo stage in rice
double fertilization in maize
06-post-flowering in maize
effective filling period in maize
5.4 fertilization in maize
first silique shattered
grain-filling in maize
FR.00 beginning of fruit ripening
beginning of fruit coloration
8.01 Beginning of bean ripening in soybean
FR.00 beginning of fruit ripening in Solanaceae
The stage at which fruit maturation begins.
inflorescence bifurcation stage
Stage of inflorescence development marked by the formation of two, oftern equal-sized, inflorescence meristems from one inflorescence meristem.
FR.04 fruit ripening complete
The stage at which fruit ripening is complete.
fully ripe kernels hard and shiny about 65% dry matter in maize
9.2 dry kernel in maize
tomato fully red ripe fruit
10-ripening in Triticeae
9.02 dry kernel in maize
10-ripening in wheat
FR.04 fruit ripening complete in Solanaceae
10-ripening in oat
dry kernel in maize
10.01-kernel medium hard
fully ripe grain hard, difficult to divide by thumbnail in rice
BBCH principal growth stage 89
fully ripe
10-ripening in barley
10.02-kernel hard
8.09 Final ripening in soybean
dry seed in maize
leaf trichome development stage
A trichome development stage that has as primary participant a leaf trichome.
inflorescence emergence stage
Includes emergence of a Zea mays inflorescence from a flag leaf sheath, following booting. In US cornbelt maize (including B73) the tassel fully emerges about 2-3 days prior to silk emergence from husk leaves. At this time the ear and husk may still be enclosed within its leaf sheath depending on the variety and environmental conditions.
half bloom in sorghum
06-inflorescence emergence in barley
heading
06-heading stage in rice
08-heading in sorghum
06-inflorescence emergence in wheat
06-inflorescence emergence in oat
tasseling
rice growth stage-6
An inflorescence detectable phase during which an inflorescence emerges from sheathing leaves or bracts.
5 fruit formation
Although the use of stages like milk or particular fruit sizes properly refer to the development of an individual fruit, they are commonly used as here to extrapolate to a growth of a whole plant or a group of plants.
08-milk development in barley
08-milk development in oat
free nuclear in maize
milk stage in rice
milk grain
mitotic in maize
dilatory in maize
07-milk stage in rice
exponential in maize
6.02-exponential in maize
6.2 exponential in maize
6.1 dilatory in maize
Zadok scale-70
rice growth stage-7
5 fruit formation in Solanaceae
08-milk development in wheat
6.01-dilatory in maize
Formation of the seed-bearing structure after flowering.
hypocotyl emergence stage
This term is used only for seed plants. The actual point of emergence from the seed coat (PO:0009088) may not be observed if the seed is underneath a growth medium.
hypocotyl emergence in Solanaceae
0.07.02 Hypocotyl emerges above soil in soybean
A seedling development stage (PO:0007131) during which the hypocotyl (PO:0020100) emerges from the seed coat (PO:0009088).
0.07.01 Cotyledons and hypocotyl emerge in soybean
hypocotyl and cotyledon emergence in Arabidopsis
BBCH growth stage 08
BO.02 mid boot stage
In rice the flag leaf sheath is 5-10cm out of the penultimate leaf sheath. Booting is a term used specifically for grasses (Poaceae).
5.02-flag leaf sheath extending in barley
5.02-flag leaf sheath extending in oat
Zadok scale-45, Feekes scale-10, Haun scale-9.2
flag leaf sheath just visibly swollen
The flag leaf sheath is just visibly swollen.
5.02-flag leaf sheath extending in wheat
coleoptile emergence stage
Occurs in Poaceae and some other monocotyledons. May occur simultaneously with coleoptile emergence from the growth medium. This terms is used only for seed plants. The actual point of emergence from the seed coat (PO:0009088) may not be observed if the seed is underneath a growth medium.
A sporophyte vegetative stage (PO:0007134) during which the coleoptile (PO:0020033) emerges from the seed coat (PO:0009088).
0.3 coleoptile emergence from seed in maize
IL.01 1/4 inflorescence length reached stage
4.02 1/4 of inflorescence length reached in soybean
An inflorescence detectable phase during which an inflorescence has reached at least one quarter of its full length, but has not yet reached one half of its full length.
3 inflorescence detectable stage
This includes the stage when an inflorescence starts to develop (and is detectable only by assay or with a microscope), to the stage where it is visible to the naked eye. This includes the booting stage in the grasses (Poaceae). There is no one-to-one correspondence between some of the phases of inflorescence formation in members of Poaceae (e.g., booting) with that of other families.
3 inflorescence visible in Solanaceae
4 Inflorescence Formation in soybean
Poaceae inflorescence visible
A reproductive growth stage during which an inflorescence is detectable.
3 inflorescence visible
BBCH principal growth stage 4
BBCH principal growth stage 5
IE.01 1/4 of inflorescence emerged from flag leaf sheath
6.02-1/4 of inflorescence emerged in barley
30% of panicle emerged in rice
Zadok scale-53, Feekes scale-10.2
The stage at which 1/4 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath.
6.02-1/4 of inflorescence emerged in wheat
6.02-1/4 of inflorescence emerged in oat
cotyledon emergence stage
This term is used only for seed plants. The actual point of emergence from the seed coat (PO:0009088) may not be observed if the seed is underneath a growth medium, especially in plants with hypogeal germination.
A seedling development stage (PO:0007131) during which the cotyledon (PO:0020030) emerges from the seed coat (PO:0009088).
cotyledons fully open in Arabidopsis
cotyledon emergence in Solanaceae
1.00 Cotyledon visible in soybean
VE stage in soybean
01-seedling emergence in sorghum
BBCH growth stage 10
VE in maize
Zadok scale-10, Feekes scale-1
2.01-first leaf through coleoptile in wheat
1.00 imperfect leaf unrolled
1.01-seedling emergence in maize
1.1 seedling emergence in maize
Sorghum seedling emergence
2.01-first leaf through coleoptile in barley
2.01-first leaf through coleoptile in oat
Oryza first leaf through coleoptile
2.01-first leaf through coleoptile in Triticeae
sorghum growth stage-0
maize growth stage-1.1
LP.00 cotyledon visible
Triticeae first leaf through coleoptile
FR.03 late stage of fruit ripening
8 leveling off of grain-filling/embryo 5 in maize
10.02-hard dough in sorghum
dent stage in maize
8.07 Late ripening in soybean
black layer in maize
The late stage of fruit ripening.
BBCH principal growth stage 87
storage maturity in maize
attenuative in maize
Stage R7 Beginning maturity in soybean
09-maturity in maize
9.1 physiological maturity/embryo 6 in maize
sorghum growth stage-10
rice growth stage-8.2
tomato red firm fruit
9.03-hard dough in oat
9.03-hard dough in wheat
late dough grain in rice
Zadok scale-87, Haun scale-15
leveling off of dry matter accumulation
FR.03 late stage of fruit ripening in Solanaceae
physiological maturity, black dot, about 60% dry matter in maize
hard dough
8.2-hard dough stage in rice
embryo stage 5 in maize
9 maturity in maize
late dough stage in rice
embryo stage 6 in maize
9.03-hard dough in barley
R5 in maize
R6 in maize
BO.00 booting begins stage
Booting has just begun.
FL.03 3/4 of flowers open
flowering finishing
Stage R2 Open flower at one of the two uppermost nodes on the main stem with fully developed leaf in soybean
FL.03 3/4 of flowers open in Solanaceae
6.02 3/4 of flowers on main stem open in soybean
The stage at which 3/4 of flowers open.
FL.02 1/2 of flowers open
Haun scale-11.5
7.02-anthesis half-way in wheat
7.02-anthesis half-way in oat
full flowering
FL.02 1/2 of flowers open in Solanaceae
The stage at which 1/2 of flowers open.
7.02-anthesis half-way in barley
6.02 1/2 of flowers on main stem open in soybean
epicotyl emergence stage
This term is used only for seed plants. Occurs in plants with hypogeal germination such as pea (pisum sativum). The actual point of emergence from the seed coat (PO:0009088) may not be observed if the seed is underneath a growth medium.
A seedling development stage (PO:0007131) during which the epicotyl (PO:0020035) emerges from the seed coat (PO:0009088).
1 pattern formation
Trichome initiation stage that determine numbers of trichome are formed.
0 seed germination stage
0 germination in Solanaceae
01-germination in rice
0 Germination in soybean
maize growth stage-0
rice growth stage-1
01-germination in wheat
01-germination in Triticeae
01-germination in oat
The resumption of growth by the embryo in a seed.
germination in Arabidopsis
0 germination in maize
BBCH principal growth stage 0
00-germination in maize
01-germination in barley
2 endoreduplication
The stage trichome nuclei continue to replicate their DNA after mitosis and cytokinesis have ceased, and as a consequence have a DNA content much greater than 2C.
3 branch formation
The stage trichome develops branches.
obsolete growth and development terms
2.00 main shoot only
Zadok scale-20
3.01-main shoot only in wheat
3.01-main shoot only in Triticeae
3.01-main shoot only in oat
3.01-main shoot only in barley
OBSOLETE
SE.06 six nodes or internodes visible
A measure of vegetative growth, but leaf production is to be preferred.
The stage at which six nodes or six internodes are visible.
4.07-sixth node detectable in wheat
4.07-sixth node detectable in oat
4.07-sixth node detectable in barley
BBCH growth stage 36
3.06 6 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
Zadok scale-36
LP.07 seven leaves visible
The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node.
7-leaf in maize
BBCH growth stage 17
1.07 6th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
2.08-seven leaves unfolded in barley
2.08-seven leaves unfolded in oat
2.08-seven leaves unfolded in Triticeae
maize growth stage-3.1
mid-whorl stage in maize
ear initiation in maize
LP.07 seven leaves visible in Solanaceae
seventh leaf unfolded
seven rosette leaves
3.01-ear initiation
2.08-seven leaves unfolded in wheat
3.1 ear initiation/mid-whorl stage in maize
6-8 leaves in maize
7 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
7 leaves unfolded
Zadok scale-, Haun scale-6.+
V7 in maize
The stage at which leaves at seven nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
Triticeae seven leaves unfolded
Stage V6 in soybean
LP.12 twelve leaves visible
3.3 mid-vegetative stage of maize
twelve rosette leaves
Stage V11 in soybean
12 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
twelve leaves unfolded
1.12 11th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
mid-vegetative in maize
The stage at which leaves at twelve nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
3.3 mid-vegetative
mid-vegetative stage of maize
3.03-mid-vegetative
V12 in maize
maize growth stage-3.3
LP.05 five leaves visible
02-tassel initiation in maize
The stage at which leaves at five nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.05 4th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
04-five leaf stage in sorghum
Stage V4 in soybean
Triticeae five leaves unfolded
4-6 leaves in maize
V5 in maize
5 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
5 leaves unfolded
tassel differentiation in maize
BBCH growth stage 15
tassel initiation in maize
early whorl stage in maize
fifth leaf unfolded
2.06-five leaves unfolded in barley
2.06-five leaves unfolded in oat
2.06-five leaves unfolded in Triticeae
2.06-five leaves unfolded in wheat
Zadok scale-15, Haun scale-4.+
five rosette leaves
2 tassel initiation/early whorl stage in maize
maize growth stage-2
LP.05 five leaves visible in Solanaceae
Sorghum five leaf stage
rice growth stage-3
sorghum growth stage-3
SE.09 nine nodes or internodes visible
3.09 9 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
The stage at which nine nodes or nine internodes are visible.
BBCH growth stage 39
LP.17 seventeen leaves visible
Stage V16 in soybean
late vegetative in maize
V17 in maize
3.4 late vegetative stage of maize
maize growth stage-3.4
3.4 late vegetative in maize
maize V17 stage
3.04-late vegetative
late vegetative stage of maize
1.17 16th trifoliate leaf unfolded in soybean
The stage at which leaves at seventeen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
mid rosette growth
mid rosette growth in Arabidopsis
Rosette has reached approximately 50% of its final diameter.
SE.08 eight nodes or internodes visible
BBCH growth stage 38
3.08 8 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
The stage at which eight nodes or eight internodes are visible.
2.02 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at two nodes
The axillary shoot can be a single shoot or a pair of axillary shoots at each node.
main shoot and 2 tillers
2.02 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 2 nodes in soybean
main shoot and second tiller visible
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at two nodes are visible.
main shoot and two tillers in wheat
second axillary shoot detectable
BBCH growth stage 22
Zadok scale-22
3.03-main shoot and two tillers
main shoot and two tillers in barley
second tiller detectable
2.02 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at two nodes in Solanaceae
main shoot and two tillers in oat
LP.18 eighteen leaves visible
Stage V17 in soybean
maize V18 stage
V18 in maize
The stage at which leaves at eighteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.18 17th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
VT vegetative tasseling in maize (US cornbelt)
2 formation of axillary shoot stage
03-tillering stage in rice
formation of side shoot
03-tillering in oat
03-tillering in wheat
tillering
2 axillary Shoot Formation in soybean
03-tillering in barley
BBCH principal growth stage 2
2 formation of axillary shoot in Solanaceae
The stage at which the axillary shoots are forming.
SE.15 fifteen nodes or internodes visible
The stage at which fifteen nodes or fifteen internodes are visible.
3.15 15 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
5.02 20% of inflorescence emerged.
late rosette growth
Rosette has reached approximately 70% of its final diameter.
late rosette growth in Arabidopsis
2.08 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at eight nodes
Zadok scale-28
BBCH growth stage 28
eighth axillary shoot detectable
3.09-main shoot and eight tillers
eighth tiller detectable
main shoot and 8 tillers
2.08 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at eight nodes in Solanaceae
main shoot and eight tillers in barley
2.08 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 8 nodes in soybean
main shoot and eight tillers in oat
main shoot and eight tillers in wheat
main shoot and eighth tiller visible
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at eight nodes are visible.
rosette growth complete
complete rosette in Arabidopsis
Stage at which rosette no longer increases in diameter, its leaf growth and expansion having ceased.
SE.00 stem elongation begins
4.01-pseudo stem erection in barley
rice panicle initiation
4.01-pseudo stem erection in oat
pseudo stem erection
4.01-pseudo stem erection in wheat
rice green ring stage
pseudo stem and tillers erect
4.1-panicle initiation stage
The stage at which the internodes begin to elongate.
4.2-panicle differentiation stage
BBCH growth stage 30
3.00 stem elongation begins in soybean
2.03 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at three nodes
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at three nodes are visible.
2.03 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at three nodes in Solanaceae
3.04-main shoot and three tillers
BBCH growth stage 23
main shoot and 3 tillers
main shoot and third tiller visible
main shoot and three tillers in barley
Zadok scale-23
2.03 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 3 nodes in soybean
main shoot and three tillers in oat
main shoot and three tillers in wheat
third tiller detectable
third axillary shoot detectable
early rosette growth
Rosette has reached approximately 20% of its final diameter.
early rosette growth in Arabidopsis
LP.20 twenty or more leaves whorls visible
Stage V23 in soybean
Stage V25 in soybean
Stage V21 in soybean
Stage V22 in soybean
V20 in maize
1.23 22nd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
1.25 25 or more trifoliolate leaves unfolded in soybean
1.24 23rd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
The stage at which leaves at twenty or more nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
Stage V20 in soybean
maize V20 stage
1.21 20th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
1.22 21st trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
1.20 19th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
LP.13 thirteen leaves visible
The stage at which leaves at thirteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
Stage V12 in soybean
thirteen leaves unfolded
1.13 12th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
13 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
V13 in maize
thirteen rosette leaves
SE.10 ten nodes or internodes visible
3.10 10 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
The stage at which ten nodes or ten internodes are visible.
LP.14 fourteen leaves visible
Stage V13 in soybean
fourteen leaves unfolded
fourteen rosette leaves
V14 in maize
The stage at which leaves at fourteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
14 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
1.14 13th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
SE.05 five nodes or internodes visible
4.06-fifth node detectable in barley
4.06-fifth node detectable in oat
3.05 5 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
Zadok scale-35
BBCH growth stage 35
4.06-fifth node detectable in wheat
The stage at which five nodes or five internodes are visible.
2.01 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at one node
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoot(s) at one node is (are) visible.
first axillary shoot detectable
BBCH growth stage 21
main shoot and first tiller visible
main shoot and one tiller in barley
first tiller detectable
2.01 Main shoot and axillary shoot visible at one node in soybean
main shoot and 1 tiller
2.01 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at one node in Solanaceae
3.02-main shoot and one tiller
main shoot and one tiller in oat
main shoot and one tiller in wheat
Zadok scale-21, Feekes scale-2
2.04 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at four nodes
2.04 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 4 nodes in soybean
main shoot and four tillers in oat
Zadok scale-24
3.05-main shoot and four tillers
main shoot and fourth tiller visible
BBCH growth stage 24
main shoot and four tillers in wheat
2.04 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at four nodes in Solanaceae
fourth tiller detectable
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at four nodes are visible.
fourth axillary shoot detectable
main shoot and four tillers in barley
main shoot and 4 tillers
stem elongation
05-growing point differentiation
internode elongation
stem elongation in Solanaceae
3 rapid stem elongation in maize
crop cover in potato
rapid stem elongation
04-stem elongation in wheat
jointing stage
04-stem elongation stage in Triticeae
04-stem elongation in barley
The stage at which the internodes elongate.
3 Stem Elongation in soybean
04-stem elongation in oat
BBCH principal growth stage 3
sorghum growth stage-4
shoot development
rice growth stage-4
SE.13 thirteen nodes or internodes visible
3.13 13 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
The stage at which thirteen nodes or thirteen internodes are visible.
SE.01 one node or internode visible
4.02-first node detectable in barley
3.01 one node visible in soybean
4.02-first node detectable in wheat
4.02-first node detectable in oat
BBCH growth stage 31
Zadok scale-31, Feekes scale-6
The stage at which one node or one internode is visible.
SE.04 four nodes or internodes visible
4.05-fourth node detectable in oat
4.05-fourth node detectable in wheat
3.04 4 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
4.05-fourth node detectable in barley
The stage at which four nodes or four internodes are visible.
Zadok scale-34
BBCH growth stage 34
2.05 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at five nodes
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at five nodes are visible.
main shoot and five tillers in barley
3.06-main shoot and five tillers in Triticeae
fifth axillary shoot detectable
3.06-main shoot and five tillers in oat
fifth tiller detectable
main shoot and 5 tillers
3.06-main shoot and five tillers in barley
main shoot and fifth tiller visible
3.06-main shoot and five tillers in wheat
2.05 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at five nodes in Solanaceae
main shoot and five tillers in oat
BBCH growth stage 25
2.05 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 5 nodes in soybean
Zadok scale-25
main shoot and five tillers in wheat
LP.01 one leaf visible
In the taxa with hypogeal type germination the first leaf on the epicotyl is leaf 1, and in grasses, the coleoptile is leaf 1. The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node.
LP.01 one leaf visible in Solanaceae
2.02-first leaf unfolded in barley
1.2 1-2 leaves in maize
VC stage in soybean
Zea V01 stage
pre tillering
maize growth stage-1.2
V1 in maize
rice growth stage-2.1
1.02-one to two leaves in maize
2.02-first leaf unfolded in wheat
1.01 Unifoliolate leaves unfolded in soybean
BBCH growth stage 11
1-4 leaf stage in rice
The stage at which leaves at one node, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
2.02-first leaf unfolded in oat
Zadok scale-11, Haun scale-1.+
2.02-first leaf unfolded in Triticeae
LP.08 eight leaves visible
Stage V7 in soybean
2.09-eight leaves unfolded in Triticeae
LP.08 eight leaves visible in Solanaceae
2.09-eight leaves unfolded in wheat
2.09-eight leaves unfolded in oat
3.01-ear initiation in Maize
2.09-eight leaves unfolded in barley
1.08 7th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
V8 in maize
8 leaves unfolded
Zadok scale-18, Haun scale-7.+
Triticeae eight leaves unfolded
BBCH growth stage 18
8-leaf in maize
8 rosette leaves in Arabidopsis
The stage at which leaves at eight nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
eight rosette leaves
eight leaf unfolded
SE.03 three nodes or internodes visible
4.04-third node detectable in oat
4.04-third node detectable in barley
Zadok scale-33
BBCH growth stage 33
4.04-third node detectable in wheat
The stage at which three nodes or three internodes are visible.
3.03 3 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
SE.14 fourteen nodes or internodes visible
The stage at which fourteen nodes or fourteen internodes are visible.
3.14 14 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
LP.02 two leaves visible
In grasses, the plant has one leaf plus the coleoptile. The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node.
2.03-two leaves unfolded in barley
2.03-two leaves unfolded in oat
2 leaves unfolded
2 rosette leaves in Arabidopsis
Triticeae two leaves unfolded
two rosette leaves
V1 stage in soybean
2.03-two leaves unfolded in Triticeae
V2 in maize
1.02 First trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
LP.02 two leaves visible in Solanaceae
The stage at which leaves at two nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
BBCH growth stage 12
Zadok scale-12, Haun scale-1.+
2.03-two leaves unfolded in wheat
SE.97 flag leaf visible
4.08-flag leaf just visible in wheat
4.08-flag leaf just visible in oat
06-flag leaf visible in sorghum
The stage at which the flag leaf is visible.
4.08-flag leaf just visible in barley
Zadok scale-37, Feekes scale-8
SE.16 sixteen or more nodes or internodes visible
The stage at which sixteen nodes or more, or sixteen internodes or more are visible.
3.16 16 or more nodes/internodes visible in soybean
LP.09 nine leaves visible
9-leaf in maize
3.02-late whorl stage
3.2 late whorl stage in maize
9 or more leaves unfolded
9 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
9-11 leaves in maize
The stage at which leaves at nine nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
V9 in maize
Zadok scale-19
Stage V8 in soybean
ninth leaf unfolded
2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded in wheat
10-leaf in maize
1.09 8th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded in oat
2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded in barley
nine rosette leaves
2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded in Triticeae
maize growth stage-3.2
LP.09 nine or more leaves whorls visible
BBCH growth stage 19
5.04 40% of inflorescence emerged
LP.10 ten leaves visible
V10 in maize
ten rosette leaves
The stage at which leaves at ten nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
10 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
Stage V9 in soybean
LP.15 fifteen leaves visible
Stage V14 in soybean
The stage at which leaves at fifteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
V15 in maize
1.15 14th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
5.06 60% of inflorescence emerged
LP.03 three leaves visible
maize growth stage-1.3
sorghum growth stage-1
1.03-three to four leaves in maize
LP.03 three leaves visible in Solanaceae
V2 stage in soybean
1.03 2nd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
V3 in maize
BBCH growth stage 13
2.04-three leaves unfolded
3-leaf stage in maize
Zadok scale-13, Haun scale-2.+
1.3 3-4 leaves in maize
02-three leaf stage in sorghum
3 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
The stage at which leaves at three nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
5.08 80% of inflorescence emerged
SE.07 seven nodes or internodes visible
3.07 7 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
BBCH growth stage 37
The stage at which seven nodes or seven internodes are visible.
SE.99 maximum stem length reached
The stage at which maximum stem length is reached.
Zadok scale-39, Feekes scale-9
4.09-flag leaf ligule/collar just visible in barley
ligule just visible
3.99 Maximum stem length reached in soybean
sorghum growth stage-5
flag leaf stage in sorghum
flag leaf stage
flag leaf fully unrolled
4.09-flag leaf ligule/collar just visible in oat
4.09-flag leaf ligule/collar just visible in wheat
2.09 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at nine or more nodes
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at nine nodes or more are visible.
main shoot and nine or more tillers in wheat
2.09 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at nine or more nodes in Solanaceae
maximum number of tillers detectable in
main shoot and nine or more tillers in barley
3.1-maximum tillering
main shoot and nine or more tillers in oat
nine or more axillary shoots detectable
3.10-main shoot and nine or more tillers in Triticeae
Zadok scale-29
maximum number of tillers visible
maximum number of tillers visible in rice
BBCH growth stage 29
main shoot and 9 or more tiller
2.09 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 9 or more nodes in soybean
SE.12 twelve nodes or internodes visible
The stage at which twelve nodes or twelve internodes are visible.
3.12 12 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
1 main shoot growth stage
In monocots each leaf stage is defined according to the uppermost leaf whose collar is visible (Handbook of plant and crop physiology).
BBCH principal growth stage 1
02-seedling growth of oat
02-seedling growth of barley
The stage at which vegetative structures are being produced by SAM.
1 main shoot growth in Solanaceae
1 seedling in maize
sorghum principal growth stage 1
01-seedling stage of maize
02-seedling growth of wheat
02-seedling stage of rice
rosette growth
Stages of growth based on expansion of the rosette in Arabidopsis.
rosette growth in Arabidopsis
SE.11 eleven nodes or internodes visible
The stage at which eleven nodes or eleven internodes are visible.
3.11 11 nodes/internodes visible in soybean
LP.04 four leaves visible
sorghum growth stage-2
The stage at which leaves at four nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
LP.04 four leaves visible in Solanaceae
fourth leaf unfolded
1.04 3rd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
2.05-four leaves unfolded in Triticeae
Zadok scale-14, Haun scale-3.+
Stage V3 in soybean
V4 in maize
BBCH growth stage 14
4 leaves unfolded
4 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
03-four leaf stage in sorghum
four rosette leaves
LP.11 eleven leaves visible
The stage at which leaves at eleven nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
3.2 late whorl stage of maize
3.02-late whorl stage in maize
Stage V10 in soybean
11 rosette leaves in Arabidopsis
eleven rosette leaves
1.11 10th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
late whorl stage of maize
V11 in maize
SE.02 two nodes or internodes visible
The stage at which two nodes or two internodes are visible.
4.03-second node detectable in wheat
BBCH growth stage 32
4.03-second node detectable in oat
4.03-second node detectable in barley
Zadok scale-32, Feekes scale-7
3.02 2 nodes/internode visible in soybean
2.06 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at six nodes
main shoot and six tillers in wheat
main shoot and six tillers in oat
Zadok scale-26, Feekes scale-3
sixth axillary shoot detectable
sixth tiller detectable
BBCH growth stage 26
3.07-main shoot and six tillers
main shoot and six tillers in barley
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at six nodes are visible.
main shoot and 6 tillers
2.06 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at six nodes in Solanaceae
2.06 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 6 nodes in soybean
LP.16 sixteen leaves visible
1.16 15th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
16 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
Stage V15 in soybean
V16 in maize
The stage at which leaves at sixteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
LP.19 nineteen leaves visible
Stage V18 in soybean
V19 in maize
1.19 18th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
The stage at which leaves at nineteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
6.01 10% of flowers open
2.07 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at seven nodes
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at seven nodes are visible.
main shoot and 7 tillers
Zadok scale-27
main shoot and seven tillers in barley
seventh tiller detectable
seventh axillary shoot detectable
BBCH growth stage 27
main shoot and seventh tiller visible
3.08-main shoot and seven tillers
2.07 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 7 nodes in soybean
main shoot and seven tillers in wheat
main shoot and seven tillers in oat
2.07 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at seven nodes in Solanaceae
LP.06 six leaves visible
LP.06 six leaves visible in Solanaceae
6-leaf in maize
BBCH growth stage 16
1.06 5th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean
6 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis
Zadok scale-16, Haun scale-5.+
V6 in maize
Triticeae six leaves unfolded
Stage V5 in soybean
sixth leaf unfolded
six rosette leaves
The stage at which leaves at six nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
6 leaves unfolded
3.01-ear initiation in maize
2.07-six leaves unfolded in Triticeae
6.03 30% of flowers open
6.04 40% of flowers open
7.02 fruit size 20%
7.04 fruit size 40%
7.2 milk stage/embryo 2 in maize
7.06 fruit size 60%
7.08 fruit size 80%
sporophyte reproductive stage
A whole plant may continue developmental vegetative growth (GO:0080186) after it has entered the reproductive stage, and it may revert to a stage in which it is no longer producing sporangia, but once it has initiated a single sporangium, it remains in the reproductive stage until senescence or death by some other cause.
B-reproductive stage in rice
B reproductive growth in Solanaceae
reproductive in Arabidopsis
sporophytic reproductive stage
sporophyte reproductively competent stage
A sporophyte development stage that occurs during the interval between the initiation of a sporangium and the onset of senescence.
seedling development stage
This terms is used only for seed plants, although non-seed plants may have a comparable phase during which they produce juvenile or transition leaves.
seedling growth in Solanaceae
seedling in Arabidopsis
A sporophyte vegetative stage (PO:0007134) that succeeds the seed germination stage (PO:0007057) and terminates with the development of the first adult vascular leaf (PO:0006340).
sporophyte dormant stage
A dormancy process (GO:0022611) is a developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. This term only applies to a whole plant in the sporophyte stage, not to the dormant stage of a seed, bud, or other plant structure. Dormancy of a plant may be preceded by the senescence of its parts such as leaves in woody plants or most of the shoot system herbaceous perennials and by the formation of dormant buds. The end of dormancy in a sporophyte is marked by resumed growth of buds and/or growth of vascular cambium. The dormant stage may be a response to environmental conditions such as seasonality or extreme heat, drought, or cold. Examples of a sporophyte dormant stage are the resurrection plants Selaginella lepidophylla (a lycopod) and Craterostigma plantagineum (an angiosperm) while they are dessicated, and deciduous woody plants and herbaceous perennials or biennials that have a dormant stage in response to drought or cold.
sporophytic dormant stage
sporophyte dormancy stage
A sporophyte development stage during which a sporophyte participates in a dormancy process.
D dormancy in Solanaceae
leaf production
This stage is recommended over rosette growth or stem elongation as it is most easily observed and least ambiguous.
The stage at which the leaves produced by SAM are visible above the ground in a seedling or mature plant.
leaf production in Solanaceae
sporophyte vegetative stage
A sporophyte may begin to senesce or die from other causes before producing sporangia. Developmental vegetative growth (GO:0080186) can also occur during the reproductive stage.
A sporophyte development stage (PO:0028002) that occurs during the interval between the first division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423) and the formation of a sporangium (PO:0025094).
vegetative in Arabidopsis
A vegetative growth in Solanaceae
A-vegetative stage in rice
4 growth directionality
The stage involved in the directionality of expansion growth.
root cap formation
The number and origin of root cap initials that form the root cap varies among species. The root cap initials become independent from the more internally located root meristem cells by an increase in the thickness of the cell wall that separates them.
root cap formation in primary root.
The stage at which the root cap becomes evident.
root cap formation in crown root.
root cap formation in lateral root.
A2.1 root intials differntiation of primary roots
OBSOLETE. The root initials divide repeatedly and add more cells
crown root primordium formation
Crown root primordia formed endogenously opposite the collateral bundles in maize.
The stage at which the initial cells of crown root primordium are formed in the innermost ground meristem cells by one or two periclinal divisions.
1 root primordium formation
The stage at which root primordium originates and develops at specific locations in embryonic and post embryonic roots.
primary root primordium formation
The stage at which a group of cells or initials that will differentiate into the primary root become organized in the embryo .
root vascular cylinder differentiation
The first identifiable region in the differentiating vascular cylinder is the pericycle. In the xylem the differentiation of the tracheary elements begins in a centrifugal direction but is completed in the centripetal direction. The first phloem elements mature before the first xylem elements.
The stage at which the root vascular cylinder becomes evident.
root emergence
The stage at which the fully formed root emerges.
lateral root primordium formation
This stage at which the transverse divisions in pericycle cells form the initials of the lateral root primordium.
A2 root initials differentiation stage
Crown root stages are based on rice plant. This term has been obsoleted to keep the structure simple.
OBSOLETE. The root initials differentiate by cell division and cell expansion.
root cortex differentiation
Repetitive periclinal divisions and radial enlargement of cells form the cortex layers, the innermost layers become the endodermis with the differentiation of casparian strips.
cortex differentiation of primary root.
cortex differentiation of lateral root
cortex differentiation of crown root.
The stage at which the root cortex becomes evident.
B3 crown root meristem formation
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the meristem of the crown root becomes evident.
root epidermal differentiation
Root hairs come to full development beyond the region of elongation zone, approximately at the level where the xylem begins to mature.
The stage at which the root epidermis becomes evident.
epidermial differentiation of crown root.
epidermal differentiation of lateral root.
epidermal differentiation of primary root
lateral root emergence
Starch grains can be seen in the root cap after emergence.
The stage at which the lateral root emerges.
crown root emergence
Crown root stages are based on rice plant.
The stage at which the crown root emerges.
5 root hair formation
The stage at which the root hairs becomes evident.
Benfey's stage 3 of root development
root development stage
At present the stages are described for primary, lateral and crown roots and stages for adventitious root formed by wounding or hormone treatment is not described. Finer resolution of root stages has been kept in the obsolete node as they are not consistently used in the consulted literature. These terms will be reintroduced into the ontology when there is a specific user request.
Stages of development of a root defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
C3.1 metaxylem differentiation of root.
These stages are based on Arabidopsis plant. This term has been obsoleted to keep the structure simple.
metaxylem differentiation of crown root
metaxylem differentiation of lateral root
metaxylem differentiation of primary root
OBSOLETE. Differentiation begins with the enlargement and vacuolation of the tracheary elements of the metaxylem.
establishment of initial cells
OBSOLETE. The root initial cells are established.
B1 primary root meristem formation
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the meristem of the primary root becomes evident.
3 establishment of tissue systems
establishment of fundamental organization in adventitious root
cell differentiation stage of root development
Benfey's stage 1 of root development
The stage at which distinct tissues become organized.
establishment of fundamental organization in primary root.
establishment of fundamental organization lateral root.
F2 root hair elongation
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the root hairs are fully elongated.
2 root meristem formation
Characteristic differences in meristem organization have been related to taxonomic groups. Terms for developmental zones formation are available in the obsolete node, and they will be reintroduced in the ontology when there is a specific user request for them.
The stage at which the root meristem becomes evident.
A2.2 root initials differentiation of lateral roots
OBSOLETE. Radial expansion followed by subsequent periclinal divisions forms the pericycle-derived tissues.
E emerged root elongation
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the emerged root starts to elongate.
emerged lateral root elongation
emrged primary root elongation
emerged crown root elongation
A2.3 founder cell derivatives of lateral root
OBSOLETE. Radial expansion followed by subsequent periclinal divisions forms the isodiametric founder cell tissues.
F1 root hair initiation
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the roots hairs are initiated.
obsolete plant growth and development terms
C3.3 maturation of protoxylem elements in root.
maturation of protoxylem elements in lateral root
maturation of protoxylem elements in crown root
maturation of protoxylem elements in primary root
OBSOLETE. The first protoxylem elements next to the pericycle develop secondary walls and mature.
A2.4 root initials differentiation of crown roots
OBSOLETE. Initial cells of crown root primordium divide anticlinally and periclinally to form epidermis-endodermis initial, vascular-cylinder initial and root cap initial.
A1 root initials formation stage
Endogenously formed embryonic roots are exclusive to Poaceae. This term has been obsoleted to keep the structure simple.
OBSOLETE. After the formation of the apical-basal axis in the young embryo, the central and basal portion give rise to the root meristem.
root primordium visible
OBSOLETE. the root primordium is visbile
C3.2 maturation of phloem elements in root.
maturation phloem elements of crown root.
maturation phloem elements of lateral root.
OBSOLETE. The first phloem elements matures.
maturation phloem elements of primary root.
B2 lateral root meristem formation
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the meristem of the lateral root becomes evident.
3 flower organ development stage
3 floral organ development stages
Stages of development of floral organs defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
1 flower meristem visible
1 floral meristem visible
Stage of flower development marked by the emergence of the floral meristem on the flank of the inflorescence meristem.
stage 1 flower in Arabidopsis
2 flower meristem notched
stage 2 flower in Arabidopsis
2 floral meristem notched
Stage of floral development that begins when the floral meristem becomes demarcated from the inflorescence meristem by a slight indentation.
calyx development stage
Stages of development of the calyx defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
corolla development stage
Stages of development of the corolla defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
androecium development stage
Stages of development of the androecium defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
gynoecium development stage
Stages of development of the gynoecium defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
sepal primordium visible
Stage of calyx development that begins when the sepal primordia arise.
stage 3 flower in Arabidopsis
petal primordium visible
Stage of corolla development that begins when the petal or petal-stamen primordia arise.
stage 5 flower in Arabidopsis
sepals 50% of final size
OBSOLETE. 50% of the absolute size of the sepals.
sepals 100% of final size
OBSOLETE. 100% of the absolute size of the sepals.
petal differentiation and expansion stage
stage 12 flower in Arabidopsis
stage 10 flower in Arabidopsis
stage 9 flower in Arabidopsis
Stage of corolla development defined by differentiation and expansion of petal.
fully expanded petal
Stage of corolla development when petal is fully expanded.
stamen primordium visible
stage 7 flower in Arabidopsis
Stage of androecium development that begins when the stamens or petal-stamen primordia arise.
flower development stage
flower development in Arabidopsis
Stages of development of a flower defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
4 anthesis
stage 13 flower in Arabidopsis
stage 14 flower in Arabidopsis
stage 15 flower in Arabidopsis
The phase of a flower when pollen is presented and/or the stigma is receptive.
5 post anthesis
stage 16 flower in Arabidopsis
The phase of a flower after the pollen is presented and/or the stigma is receptive.
carpel primordium visible
Stage of gynoecium development that begins when the carpel primordia arise.
ovule development stage
ovule development in Arabidopsis
Stages of development of the ovule defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
ovule primordium visible
Stage of ovule development that begins when the ovule primordia arise.
ovule stage 1-I in Arabidopsis
megagametophyte development stage
Although megaspore and megagametophyte development are normally separate, one spore producing one gametophyte, in some flowering plants a single gametophyte may be produced from two or four spores.
Stages of development of the megagametophyte.
integument initiation stage
ovule stage 2-II in Arabidopsis
Stage of ovule development that begins when the integument primordia are visible.
ovule stage 2-III in Arabidopsis
A megaspore mother cell enlarges
ovule stage 2-I in Arabidopsis
The stage of megagametophyte development when the megaspore mother cell enlarges.
B meiosis of megaspore mother cell
ovule stage 2-IV in Arabidopsis
The stage of megagametophyte development when the megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis.
C tetrad of megaspores
ovule stage 2-V in Arabidopsis
The product of meiosis of the megaspore mother cell.
D megaspore degeneration
In some plants more than one megaspore contributes to the megametophyte.
The stage of megagametophyte development when non-functional megaspores degenerate.
ovule stage 3-I in Arabidopsis
E two nucleate megagametophyte
The stage of megagametophyte development when there are two nuclei.
ovule stage 3-II in Arabidopsis
F four nucleate megagametophyte
The stage of megagametophyte development when there are four nuclei.
ovule stage 3-IV in Arabidopsis
G eight nucleate megagametophyte
Some plants do not form an eight nucleate megametophyte.
ovule stage 3-V in Arabidopsis
The stage of megagametophyte development when there are eight nuclei.
plant embryo stage
Succeeds a plant zygote stage (PO:0001097). The plant embryo stage generally starts after the first division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423), but in the case of a nucellar (adventitious) plant embryo (PO:0004537), somatic plant embryo (PO:0025302), microspore-derived cultured plant embryo (PO:0025305), and other embryos that arise through apogamy, it begins after the division of a single cell that is not a zygote. The end of the embryo stage varies among taxa.
embryo development stage
embryonic in Arabidopsis
A sporophyte vegetative stage (PO:0007134) that occurs during the interval between the first cell division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423) and one of the following: the beginning of a seed germination stage (PO:0007057) in seed plants, formation of the first vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in pteridophytes, the beginning of development of a sporangium (PO:0025094) in bryophytes, or the beginning of the formation of a plant organ (PO:0009008) such as a root (PO:0009005), shoot axis (PO:0025029), or vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in a cultured plant embryo (PO:0000010).
embryo stage
seed maturation stage
Stage during which the seed storage products (storage proteins, lipids and starch) are being accumulated, either in the cotyledons or in the endosperm. Also, LEA proteins are accumulated and subsequentially, desiccation tolerant state is reached at the end of this stage.
seed maturation in Arabidopsis
endosperm development stage
Stages of development of the endosperm.
plant structure development stage
Refers to GO:0032502 (developmental process), including growth, differentiation, and senescence.
etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish)
A stage in the life of a plant structure during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes.
Arabidopsis growth
plant growth and development stage
calyx absolute size
OBSOLETE. The proportion of the absolute size reached by the calyx
tama&#241o absoluto del caliz (Spanish)
calyx relationship
OBSOLETE. The stages of development of the calyx with respect to the rest of the bud
relac&#243n del caliz (Spanish)
inflorescence initiation stage
Stage of inflorescence development marked by the formation of the inflorescence meristem on a vegetative branch.
life of whole plant
There are only two types of life of whole plant. Every life of a whole plant is either a maximal gametophyte stage or a maximal sporophyte stage.
A maximal whole plant development stage.
vida de la planta entera (Spanish)
collective plant structure development stage
Includes development stages for flowers, fruits, and inflorescences.
etapa de desarrollo de una estructura colectiva de la planta (Spanish)
A plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a collective plant structure.
plant organ development stage
Includes development stages for leaves and roots.
A plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a plant organ.
etapa de desarrollo de un &#243rgano (Spanish)
organ development stage
gametophyte vegetative stage
A gametophyte may begin to senesce or die from other causes before producing gametangia. Some plants, such as the fern Vittaria appalachiana, may never produce gametangia, and remain in the vegetative stage indefinitely. Developmental vegetative growth (GO:0080186) can also occur during the reproductive stage.
A gametophyte development stage that occurs during the interval between spore germination and the formation of a gametangium.
etapa vegetativa del gemetofito (Spanish)
gametophyte reproductive stage
A whole plant may continue developmental vegetative growth (GO:0080186) after it has entered the reproductive stage, and it may revert to a stage in which it is no longer producing gametantia, but once it has initiated a single gametangium, it remains in the reproductive stage until senescence or death by some other cause. The sporophytensenescent stage may succeed the sporophyte reproductive stage in monocarpic plants that die after reproducing, such as annuals.
etapa reproductiva del gametofito (Spanish)
gametophyte reproductively competent stage
gametophytic reproductive stage
A gametophyte development stage that occurs during the interval between the initiation of a gametangium and the onset of senescence.
gametophyte dormant stage
A dormancy process (GO:0022611) is a developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. This term only applies to a whole plant in the gametophyte stage, not to the dormant stage of other plant structures. The dormant stage may be a response to environmental conditions such as seasonality or extreme heat, drought, or cold. Examples of a gametophyte dormant stage are the moss Polytrichum commune after it has undergone dessication (a type of resurrection plant), the boreal moss Polytrichum alpestre, whose shoot systems have annual growth segments due to a period of dormancy during the winter, the female gametophyte of Ginkgo biloba, which is dormant before fertilization, and dormancy of plant spores.
gametophyte dormancy stage
gametophytic dormant stage
etapa latente del gametofito (Spanish)
A gametophyte development stage during which a gametophyte participates in a dormancy process.
gametophyte senescent stage
The gametophyte senescent stage is often preceded by the gametophyte reproductive stage, and it ends with death of the gametophyte, either as a result of senescence or some other cause. This stage is distinct from gametophyte dormant stage, in which organs may senesce, but some parts of the plant remain alive. Multicellular organism senescence/aging (GO:0010259) includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well processes like cellular senescence, organ senescence, and wear and tear. The POC curators have requested to the GOC that they revise the definition of GO:0010259, to make it more appropriate for plants.
A gametophyte development stage during which a gametophyte participates in multicellular organism senescence.
etapa de senescencia del gametofito (Spanish)
gametophore reproductive whole plant development stage
A gametophyte reproductive development stage in which a gametophore and gametangium is being produced.
etapa de desarrollo del gamet&#243foro reproductivo de la planta entera (Spanish)
gametophore vegetative whole plant development stage
etapa de desarrollo del gamet&#243foro vegetativo de la planta entera (Spanish)
A gametophyte vegetative whole plant development stage during which a gametophore is being produced but no gametangia are being produced.
thallus reproductive whole plant development stage
etapa de desarrollo del talo reproductivo de la planta entera (Spanish)
A gametophyte reproductive development stage in which a thallus and gametangium is being produced.
thallus vegetative whole plant development stage
May succeed a protonema whole plant development stage or may directly succeed spore germination.
A gametophyte vegetative whole plant development stage during which a thallus is being produced but no gametangia are being produced.
etapa de desarrollo del talo vegetativo de la plant entera (Spanish)
trichome development stage
etapa de desarrollo del tricoma (Spanish)
A plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a trichome.
seed trichome development stage
Seed trichome development stage consists of the following sub stages: seed trichome initiation stage (PO:0025370), seed trichome elongation stage (PO:0025371), seed trichome secondary wall biosynthesis stage(PO:0025372) and seed trichome maturation stage (PO:0025373).
A trichome development stage that has as primary participant a seed trichome.
seed hair development stage
etapa de desarrollo del tricoma de la semilla (Spanish)
seed trichome initiation stage
Refers to the GO Biological Process terms seed trichome initiation (GO:0090377) and seed trichome elongation (GO:0090378).
etapa de iniciaci&#243n del tricoma de la semilla (Spanish)
seed hair initiation stage
A seed trichome development stage which occurs during the interval between the onset of seed trichome initiation and the onset of seed trichome elongation.
seed trichome elongation stage
Refers to the GO Biological Process terms: seed trichome elongation (GO:0090378) and secondary cell wall biogenesis involved in seed trichome differentiation (GO:0090379).
seed hair elongation stage
etapa de elongaci&#243n del tricoma de la semilla (Spanish)
A seed trichome development stage which occurs during the interval between the onset of seed trichome elongation and the onset of seed trichome secondary wall biosynthesis.
seed trichome secondary wall biosynthesis stage
Refers to the GO Biological Process terms: secondary cell wall biogenesis involved in seed trichome differentiation (GO:0090379) and seed trichome maturation (GO:0090380).
A seed trichome development stage which occurs during the interval between the onset of seed trichome secondary wall biosynthesis and the onset of seed trichome maturation.
seed hair secondary wall biosynthesis stage
etapa de bios&#237ntesis de la pared secundaria del tricoma de la semilla (Spanish)
seed trichome maturation stage
Refers to the GO Biological Process term: seed trichome maturation (GO:0090380).
seed hair maturation stage
A seed trichome development stage which encompasses the process of seed trichome maturation.
etapa de maduraci&#n del tricoma de la semilla (Spanish)
seed dormant stage
A seed dormancy process (GO:0010162) is a dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a seed. Seed dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth in a seed, including the embryo contained therein, that can be reactivated. It often requires special conditions for reactivation, such as specific temperature, scarification, or leaching of inhibitors. Seed dormancy includes dormancy of the embryo and the seed coat, althoughnthese may not begin or end simultaneously. Not all seeds go through a seed dormant stage. Most seeds that go through a dormant stage do so only one time.
A seed development stage during which a seed participates in a seed dormancy process.
etapa latente de la semilla (Spanish)
plant spore stage
Includes the stage when a megaspore is present before it develops into a megagametophyte or embryo sac and the stage when a microspore is present before it develops into a microgametophyte or pollen. There may be cell division in a spore before it germinates.
A gametophyte development stage that occurs during the interval between meiosis and the germination of a spore.
etapa esporof&#237tica de la planta (Spanish)
spore stage
plant spore dormant stage
A dormancy process (GO:0022611) is a developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.
A gametophyte dormant stage during which a spore participates in a dormancy process.
spore dormant stage
etapa latente esporof&#237tica de la planta (Spanish)
plant embryo dormant stage
A dormancy process (GO:0022611) is a developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. In seed plants, a plant embryo dormant stage may be part of a seed dormant stage.
A sporophyte dormant stage during which a plant embryo participates in a dormancy process.
embryo dormant stage
plant tissue development stage
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
etapa de desarrollo de tejido vegetal (Spanish)
tissue development stage
vascular tissue development stage
A plant tissue development stage (PO:0025423) that has as primary participant a portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015).
etapa de desarrollo del tejido vascular (Spanish)
xylem development stage
A vascular tissue development stage (PO:0025424) that has as primary participant a portion of xylem (PO:0005352) tissue.
etapa de desarrollo del xilema (Spanish)
phloem development stage
etapa de desarrollo del floema (Spanish)
A vascular tissue development stage (PO:0025424) that has as primary participant a portion of phloem (PO:0005417) tissue.
secondary xylem development stage
During a secondary xylem development stage (also called a wood development stage), the cells of secondary xylem (PO:0005848), including tracheary elements (PO:0000290), xylem fiber cells (PO:0000274), and wood parenchyma cells (PO:0004525) undergo cellular developmental processes (GO:0048869) such as cell division (GO:0051301), cell growth (GO:0016049), cell differentiation (GO:0030154), or cell death (GO:0008219). The transition from sapwood to heartwood marks the end of the secondary xylem development stage.
sapwood development stage
A xylem development stage (PO:0025425) that has as primary participant a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) tissue during the interval between the beginning of a cell division stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025463) and the death of the last living cell in the secondary xylem.
wood development stage
etapa de desarrollo del xilema secundario (Spanish)
cell division stage of secondary xylem
This stage includes production of xylem mother cells by cambial initials and production of tracheary elements (PO:0000290) or other xylem cells by xylem mother cells. Precedes a cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025469), although cell differentiation may begin before a cell division stage of secondary xylem ends.
elemento de tr&#225quea de madera tard&#237a (Spanish)
A secondary xylem development stage (PO:0025427) that occurs during the interval between the first and last cell division in a portion of secondary xylem tissue (PO:0005848), during which cells are produced by divisions of cambial initials (PO:0000295) or xylem mother cells.
cell expansion stage of secondary xylem
This stage succeeds a cell division stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025463) and precedes secondary cell wall formation stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025465). At least part of this stage can be easily observed in woody species containing xylem vessels (PO:0025417).
A cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025469) that occurs during the interval between the end of a cell division stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025463) and the onset of a secondary cell wall formation stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025465), during which the cells undergo cell growth (GO:0016049).
etapa de expansi&#243n celular del xilema secundario (Spanish)
secondary cell wall formation stage of secondary xylem
During this stage, secondary cell walls (GO:0009531) are being formed in a portion of secondary xylem tissue, preventing further expansion of the cells. This stage succeeds a cell expansion stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025464) and precedes a cell death stage of secondary xylem.
estapa de formaci&#243n de la pared secundaria celular del xilema secundario (Spanish)
A cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025469) that occurs during the interval between the onset of secondary wall biogenesis (GO:0009834) of the cells in a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) and the beginning of a cell death stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025466).
cell death stage of secondary xylem
During this stage, the cells of a portion of secondary xylem are undergoing cell death (GO:0008219), sometimes called apoptosis. Death of the tracheary elements and non-septate xylem fiber cells generally precedes the death of secondary parenchyma cells and septate fiber cells. Once all cells in portion of secondary xylem are dead, it transitions from sapwood (PO:0004513) to heartwood (PO:0004512), and secondary xylem development ends.
etapa de muerte celular del xilema secundario (Spanish)
transition to heartwood stage
A cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025469) that occurs during the interval between the first cell death of a tracheary element (PO:0000290) or non-septate xylem fiber cell (PO:0000274) and the death of the last secondary xylem parenchyma cell (PO:0004525) or septate fiber cell (PO:0004521) in a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848).
tracheary element death stage of secondary xylem
During this stage, the tracheary elements and non-septate xylem fiber cells of a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) undergo cell death (GO:0008219), but most of the secondary xylem parenchyma cells (PO:0004525) and septate xylem fiber cells (septate fiber tracheid, PO:0025419, and septate libriform fiber cell, PO:0025420) remain alive. Precedes a secondary xylem parenchyma cell death stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025468).
A cell death stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025466) that occurs during the interval between the first and last cell death of a tracheary element (PO:0000290) or non-septate xylem fiber cell (PO:0000274).
etapa de muerte del elemento de tr&#225a del xilema secundario (Spanish)
secondary xylem parenchyma cell death stage of secondary xylem
During this stage, the secondary xylem parenchyma cells (PO:0004525) and septate xylem fiber cells (septate fiber tracheid, PO:0025419, and septate libriform fiber cell, PO:0025420) of a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) undergo cell death (GO:0008219). Succeeds a tracheary element death stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025467). Once all cells in portion of secondary xylem are dead, it transitions from sapwood (PO:0004513) to heartwood (PO:0004512), and secondary xylem development ends.
A cell death stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025466) that occurs during the interval between the last cell death of a tracheary element (PO:0000290) or non-septate xylem fiber cell (PO:0000274) and the last cell death in a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848).
etapa de muerte de las c&#233lulas parenquim&#225ticas del xilema secundario (Spanish)
cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem
During a this stage, cells of secondary xylem undergo cell differentiation (GO:0030154), including cell growth (GO:0016049), cell morphogenisis (GO:0000902), or cell death (GO:0008219). Cell death is considered part of differentiation in secondary xylem, because it is an essential part of wood development. This stage succeeds the last cell division in a cell division stage of secondary xylem, even though cell differentiation may begin before all cell division finishes.
A secondary xylem development stage (PO:0025427) that occurs during the interval between the end of a cell division stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025463) and the death of the last living cell in the secondary xylem.
etapa de diferenciaci&#243 celular del xilema secundario (Spanish)
coleorhiza emergence stage
A root development stage (PO:0007520) during which a coleorhiza (PO:0020034) emerges from the seed coat (PO:0009088).
plant life cycle phase
The life cycle of all plants is characterized by the alternation of phases (or generations). The sporophytic phase has twice the chromosome complement of the gametophytic phase.
fase del ciclo de vida de la plant (Spanish)
OBSOLETE. A plant growth and development phase that begins with either meiosis or fertilization.
sporophyte development stage
A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development stage usually has twice the chromosome complement of a plant in the gametophytic phase, but may not in the case of apogamy. Examples of apogamy include both naturally occurring instances (such as sporophytes arising form haploid cells as in bryophytes or ferns) as well as in vitro instances (such as haploid embryo culture or in vitro fusion of non-gamete cells or protoplasts). During the sporophyte development stage, a plant may produce meiospores by meiosis.
sporophytic development stage
sporophytic phase
sporphyte phase
fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish)
A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death.
gametophyte development stage
During the gametophytic phase, a plant may produce gametes by mitosis. In bryophytes and pteridophytes, a gametophytic phase may begin without meiosis by apospory. This usually occurs when damage to a plant in the sporophytic phase leads directly to the growth of a plant that is in the gametophytic phase but bears the chromosome complement that would normally be found in the sporophytic phase. A whole plant in the gametophytic phase usually has half the chromosome complement of a plant in the sporophytic phase, but not in the case of apospory.
A whole plant development stage that has as primary participant a whole plant during the interval between meiosis or apospory and its death or fertilization.
gametophytic phase
gametophyte phase
gametophytic development stage
fase gametof&#237tica (Spanish)
protonema whole plant development stage
The protonema phase ends with the development of gametophores in mosses, some other bryophytes, and leptosporangiate ferns and with the development of a thallus in other bryophytes, although protonema tissue may persist of continue to develop after this.
protonemal phase
fase protonemica (Spanish)
A gametophyte development stage during which a gametophyte undergoes filamentous growth and that succeeds spore germination and precedes a thalloid development stage (planar growth) or gametophore development stage.
protonema phase
Term used for mosses, liverworts, and/or hornworts