part of
anatomical entity
whole organism
cephalothorax
Figs 72:1, 72:4, 72:26 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The anterior division of the spider body.
prosoma
abdomen
The posterior division of the spider body.
opisthosoma
cuticle
The outer non-living layer of the integumentary system derived from the epidermis.
carapace
Fig 72:4 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
Dorsal shield of the cephalothorax.
pedicel
Figs 72:4, 72:26 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
First abdominal segment, the narrowed connection between cephalothorax and abdomen.
2nd abdominal segment (epigastrium)
Obsolesced because this term was a mixture of (mostly) external and internal terms.
epigastric area
portion of organism substance
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
3rd abdominal segment (posterior booklungs and tracheae)
Obsolesced because this term was a mixture of external and internal terms.
spinneret
Figs 72:4, 72:7 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
Finger-like or conical silk spinning appendages located at the posterior end of the abdomen.
anal tubercle
A small lobe posterior to the spinnerets which bears the anal opening.
stage
tagma
Any of the two main divisions of the whole organism formed from groups of segments.
organ system
A division of the whole organism into specialized systems.
eye
Light sensing organ with a single lens.
cephalic area
Fig 72:11 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
caput
pars cephalica
head
cephalon
The anterior portion of the carapace, bearing the eyes, sometimes delimited posteriorly by marked thoracic furrows.
thoracic area
The posterior portion of the carapace, sometimes delimited anteriorly by marked thoracic furrows.
thoracic fovea
Fig 72:1, 72:11 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
thoracic groove
The central depression in the carapace representing the invagination of the carapace where the stomach muscles attach.
dorsal groove
furrow
pit
chelicera
The anterior appendages of a spider (the jaws) consisting of a large basal segment (paturon) and an apical fang.
female palp
Figs 72:26, 72:75 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
pedipalp
palpus
The palp of the female.
leg 1
Appendage of cephalothorax, between the palp and leg 2.
fore leg
leg I
leg 2
Appendage of cephalothorax, between the leg 1 and leg 3.
leg II
leg 3
Appendage of cephalothorax, between the leg 2 and leg 4.
leg III
leg 4
Most posterior appendage of cephalothorax.
hind leg
leg IV
pedicel sternite
Ventral sclerite on the pedicel.
pedicel ventral sclerite
pedicel tergite
One of the dorsal sclerites on the pedicel.
anterior booklung
The booklung of the second abdominal segment.
epigynum
epigyne
The sclerotized region of female spiders covering the internal genitalia and located between the book lungs and anterior of the epigastric furrow.
vulva
A collective term for the internal components of the female genitalia associated with the epigynum, including copulatory ducts, spermathecae, and fertilization ducts.
epiandrum
The area just anterior to the epigastric fold and between the booklungs in male spiders, often bearing epiandrous spigots.
posterior lateral respiratory structure
The respiratory structure homologous to the posterior booklung, which may be present as a booklung developed in full or in diverse grades of reduction, or as a (lateral) trachea.
median tracheae or entapophyses
posterior tracheal spiracle
Fig 72:26 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The spiracle of the posterior tracheal system.
epigastric furrow
Fig 72:26, 72:34 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
epigastric fold
A transverse groove or fold across the anterior ventral part of the abdomen, delimiting the second and third abdominal segments.
AMS-cribellum-colulus
The anterior median abdominal appendage, which may be present as a spinneret in some Mesothelae, or reduced to the cribellum or colulus in Araneomorphae; it is absent in Mygalomorphae.
anterior lateral spinneret
ALS
The lateral spinneret of the fourth abdominal segment.
anterior spinneret
posterior median spinneret
Fig 72:7 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
PMS
median spinneret
The median spinneret of the fifth abdominal segment.
posterior lateral spinneret
The lateral spinneret of the fifth abdominal segment.
posterior spinneret
PLS
chilum
Fig 72:17 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
A small sclerite at the base of the chelicera (under the clypeus).
clypeus
Fig 72:5 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The space between the anterior edge of the carapace and the anterior eyes.
anal tubercle tergite
The dorsal sclerite of the anal tubercle.
anal tubercle sternite
The ventral sclerite of the anal tubercle.
integumentary system
The organ system that forms the covering layer of the animal.
female genitalia
male palp
The palp of the adult male, modified, with a copulatory bulb attached to the tarsus.
setal shaft
The movable body of the seta, articulated on the setal socket.
intestine
anterior median eye
Fig 72:6 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
AME
primary eye
The median of the anterior row.
anterior lateral eye
The lateral eye of the anterior row.
ALE
posterior median eye
PME
The median eye of the posterior row.
posterior lateral eye
PLE
The lateral eye of the posterior row.
carapace posterior margin
The posterior margin of the carapace on top of the pedicel.
silk cable
A cord of silk composed by more than one silk fiber.
silk fiber
A single silk thread, produced by a single spigot.
abdominal segment
cephalothorax segment
external abdomen
epigastrium
The ventral part of the second abdominal segment, between the pedicel and the epigastric furrow.
postepigastrium
A tentative term for the ventral abdominal area between the epigastric fold and the spinnerets. It corresponds with the 3rd abdominal segment.
posterior respiratory system
The respiratory system of the third abdominal segment, reduced to tubular tracheae in derived Araneomorphae.
posterior booklung
The booklung of the third abdominal segment.
clypeal glands
suprapalpal pit gland
A depression on the side of the carapace, above the palp, with pores, presumable gland openings.
posterior median respiratory structure
The paired respiratory structure homologous to the 3rd abdominal entapophysis, which may be present as a median trachea.
median trachea
A paired trachea arising between the two lateral respiratory structures. Median tracheae are derived from muscle apodemes (the 3rd abdominal entapophyses), and thus may retain a connection with the abdominal muscles at the tip.
entapophysis 3
3rd entapophysis
3rd apodeme
The entapophysis of the third abdominal segment.
fang
The apical segment of a chelicera, bearing the opening of the venom gland.
paturon
Figs 72:5, 72:13 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The basal segment of a chelicera.
posterior booklung spiracle
The spiracle of the posterior booklung.
posterior booklung leaf
A leaf of the posterior booklung.
intercheliceral sclerite
postchilum
posterior chilum
intercheliceral articulation
female palpal coxa
Figs 72:13, 72:36, 72:75 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The basal, 1st segment of the female palp. It may be expanded in a lobe, and then is called endite.
endite
maxilla
gnathocoxa
gnathobase
female palpal trochanter
The 2nd segment of the female palp, between coxa and femur.
female palpal femur
The 3rd segment of the female palp, between trochanter and patella.
female palpal patella
The 4th segment of the female palp, between femur and tibia.
female palpal tibia
The 5th segment of the female palp, between patella and tarsus.
female palpal tarsus
The 6th segment of the female palp, between tibia and pretarsus.
female palpal claw
heart ostium
anterior median spinneret
The median spinneret of the fourth abdominal segment.
AMS
coxa 1
trochanter 1
femur 1
patella 1
tibia 1
metatarsus 1
tarsus 1
claw 1
coxa 2
trochanter 2
femur 2
patella 2
tibia 2
metatarsus 2
tarsus 2
claw 2
coxa 3
trochanter 3
femur 3
patella 3
tibia 3
metatarsus 3
tarsus 3
claw 3
coxa 4
trochanter 4
femur 4
patella 4
tibia 4
metatarsus 4
tarsus 4
claw 4
foregut
cribellum
A very short, flat field of spigots between the anterior lateral spinnerets. It is homologous to the anterior median spinnerets found in Mesothelae spiders. The cribellum may be median or paired.
coxal gland
Each of the prosomal excretory glands discharging on the leg coxae.
colulus
A raised sector of the cuticle bearing setae, between the anterior lateral spinnerets. It is a relic of the cribellum, found in some araneomorph spiders. The colulus may be median or bilobed.
posterior booklung or lateral tracheae
spigot of anterior median spinneret
A spigot on the anterior median spinneret.
lateral trachea
A lateral respiratory structure in form of tube. Lateral tracheae are homologous to the booklung atrium.
article of posterior median spinneret
The only article of posterior median spinneret, bearing the spinning field.
basal article of anterior lateral spinneret
The basal article of anterior lateral spinneret.
median article of anterior lateral spinneret
intermediate article of anterior lateral spinneret
The median article of anterior lateral spinneret.
distal article of anterior lateral spinneret
The most distal article of anterior lateral spinneret, bearing the spinning field.
spinning field of anterior lateral spinneret
The spinning field of the anterior lateral spinneret.
spinning field of posterior median spinneret
The spinning field of the posterior median spinneret.
basal article of posterior lateral spinneret
The basal article of posterior lateral spinneret.
distal article of posterior lateral spinneret
The most distal article of posterior lateral spinneret, bearing the spinning field.
spinning field of posterior lateral spinneret
The spinning field of the posterior lateral spinneret.
heart
posterior midgut
The portion of the midgut contained in the abdomen.
stercoral pocket
The last part of the intestine where the excrements accumulate. It is lined with cuticle and connects to the anus.
gut caecum
lateral lobe
Each of the lateral sclerotized plates on the epigynum, ectal to the epigynal fold.
median field
The median sclerotized plate on the epigynum, between the epigynal folds.
copulatory duct
Fig 72:34 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
entrance ducts
connecting ducts
spermathecal ducts
insemination ducts
Each of the paired ducts in the female genitalia connecting the copulatory opening to the spermathecae.
copulatory opening
Figs 72:33, 72:34 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
epigynal openings
copulatory pores
Each of the paired external orifices on the epigynum of entelegyne spiders, leading to the copulatory ducts. They are usually placed on the epigynal fold.
fertilization duct
Each of the paired ducts connecting the primary spermatheca with the uterus externus in entelegyne spiders.
primary spermatheca
seminal receptacle
A hollow sclerotized structure of the female genitalia of entelegyne spiders, used for the storage of sperm. The primary spermatheca is connected to the copulatory and fertilization ducts.
spermatheca
Bennett's gland
A delimited patch of glandular pores on the primary spermathecae of entelegyne spiders.
dictynoid pore
secondary spermatheca
head of spermatheca
diverticle
accessory bulb
A hollow, blind sclerotized structure of the female genitalia of entelegyne spiders, usually connected by a duct to the copulatory duct. The secondary spermatheca has several gland pores with cuticular glandular ducts. In occasions the secondary spermatheca is reduced to the patch of gland pores, without its own lumen or duct.
stalk of spermatheca
The segment of duct between the primary and secondary spermatheca.
nubbin
A nonfunctional, only partially formed, i.e. vestigial, spigot, either morphologically singular or multiple.
epigynal cuticular glands
Small glands with a cuticular duct, discharging through a pore on the epigynal plate.
male palpal coxa
male palpal endite
The basal, 1st segment of the male palp.
male serrula
male maxillary gland
spigot base
The base of a spigot, wider than the apical shaft. It is probably homologous with a setal socket.
male endite apical tuft seta
male palpal trochanter
The 2nd segment of the male palp, between coxa and femur.
male palpal femur
The 3rd segment of the male palp, between trochanter and patella.
male palpal patella
The 4th segment of the male palp, between femur and tibia.
male palpal tibia
The 5th segment of the male palp, between patella and tarsus.
spigot shaft
The distal, elongate part of the spigot, with a orifice at the tip through which the silk is extruded. It is probably homologous with a setal shaft.
male palpal tibia dorsal process
A process on the dorsal surface of the male palpal tibia.
male palpal tibia prolateral process
A process on the prolateral surface of the male palpal tibia.
male palpal tibia retrolateral process
retrolateral tibial apophysis
A process on the retrolateral surface of the male palpal tibia.
male palpal tibia ventral process
A process on the ventral surface of the male palpal tibia.
cymbium
Fig 72:12 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The tarsus, 6th and last segment of the male palp connected with the tibia. The name cymbium is mostly used when modified as a spoon-shaped structure containing the copulatory bulb.
tarsal organ of cymbium
The tarsal organ of the male palpal tarsus.
base of major ampullate gland spigot
The base of major ampullate gland spigot.
cymbium dorsal chemosensory seta
Each of the chemosensory setae on the male palpal tarsus.
cymbium apical seta
Any of the apical setae on the male palpal cymbium.
alveolus
The concave ventral surface of the male palpal cymbium, where the copulatory bulb is attached.
alveolus retromargin
The retrolateral margin of the alveouls.
alveolus promargin
The prolateral margin of the alveouls.
paracymbium
Figs 72:29, 72:31, 72:52 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
A process on the retrolateral-basal sector of the cymbium. It may be flexibly articulated through a movable membrane, or a rigid outgrowth.
paracymbial retrolateral-basal process
cymbial dorsal process
A process on the dorsal surface of the cymbium.
copulatory bulb
genital bulb
The genital structure of the male spider containing the sperm reservoir and attached to the palpal tarsus; rarely fused to the tarsus, as in some Oonopidae, from which it can be differentiated by lacking setae .
bulbus
palpal organ
petiolus
A strongly sclerotized and thickened region within the wall of the basal hematodochal membrane.
basal hematodocha
The membrane connecting the genital bulb to the tarsus.
subtegulum
Figs 72:31, 72:37 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The basal sclerite of the bulb, connected to the cymbium by the basal hematodocha. It contains the fundus of the spermaphor.
fundus
The blind end of the spermaphor in the subtegulum.
tegulum
Figs 72:29, 72:31, 72:37 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The middle sclerite of the male palp, that contains the sperm duct and bears the embolus.
median hematodocha
The membrane connecting the tegulum to the subtegulum.
embolic division
The division of the copulatory bulb distal to the median division, articulated to the tegulum by a terminal hematodocha. It contains the embolus, the sperm outlet, and may also have additional sclerites such as the radix.
embolus
Figs 72:29, 72:31, 72:51 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The intromittent organ of the male copulatory bulb, where the spermaphor discharges.
spermaphor
The tube inside the copulatory bulb containing the sperm. It runs from the blind fundus in the subtegulum, to an opening in the embolus. It is often sclerotized and served by many glands.
sperm duct
median apophysis
Figs 72:29, 72:31 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
A sclerite of the copulatory bulb arising from the tegulum.
conductor
A sclerite of the male palp inserted in the tegulum. It usually guides or fits part of the embolus; may be sclerotized or hyaline.
terminal hematodocha
column
The membrane connecting the embolic division with the tegulum.
sclerite of copulatory bulb
A sclerotized piece inserted on another sclerotized structure of the copulatory bulb through a membranous joint.
shaft of major ampullate gland spigot
The shaft of major ampullate gland spigot.
base of piriform gland spigot
The base of piriform gland spigot.
cheliceral boss
promargin
Fig 72:13 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The anterior margin of the cheliceral furrow in Araneomorphae (mesal margin in Mygalomorphae).
retromargin
The posterior margin of the cheliceral furrow in Araneomorphae (ectal margin in Mygalomorphae).
cheliceral gland
stridulatory files
Fig 72:68, Fig 72:69 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
A series of fine grooves used in conjunction with thorns to produce sound, typically located along the ectal margin of the chelicera or along the ventro apical margin of the abdomen; see also thorn.
shaft of piriform gland spigot
The shaft of piriform gland spigot.
shaft of aciniform gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
anterior median eye retina
The retina of the anterior median eye.
anterior lateral eye tapetum
The tapetum of the anterior lateral eye.
posterior median eye tapetum
The tapetum of the posterior median eye.
posterior lateral eye tapetum
The tapetum of the posterior lateral eye.
promarginal seta
retromarginal seta
venom outlet
serrula
Fig 72:66 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
A row of tiny teeth along the anterior edge of the endite.
endite apical tuft seta
maxillary gland pore field
sieve plate
gnathocoxal gland
A small field patch of pores, usually on the dorsal side of the endite, sometimes on its mesal surface, where the maxillary glands discharge.
base of aciniform gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
female palpal tarsus ventral seta
Any of the ventral setae on the female palpal tarsus.
female palpal tarsus apical seta
Any of the apical setae on the female palpal tarsus.
female palpal tarsus dorsal chemosensory seta
Each of the chemosensory setae on the female palpal tarsus.
retrocoxal hymen 1
The retrocoxal hymen of leg 1.
base of cylindrical gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
The base of a cylindrical gland spigot of the posterior lateral spinneret.
shaft of cylindrical gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
The shaft of a cylindrical gland spigot of the posterior lateral spinneret.
shaft of modified gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
base of modified gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
base of paracribellar gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
The base of a paracribellar gland spigot of the posterior lateral spinneret.
shaft of paracribellar gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
The shaft of a paracribellar gland spigot of the posterior lateral spinneret.
shaft of gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
base of gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
aggregate gland spigot
A flanking spigot in the triad of araneoid spiders. It extrudes a viscid silk used in the wet adhesive threads.
agg gland spigot
tactile hair appendages cephalothorax
Any of the tactile hairs on the prosoma appendages.
socket hair appendages cephalothorax
scale appendages cephalothorax
Small setae without innervation, bent in an obtuse angle just after the socket; can be of several shapes, including cylindrical, feathery, or flat.
scopular seta
Tenent seta on ventral or lateral surfaces on appendages.
socket of scopular seta
tenent barb of scopular seta
Each of the barbs with expanded tips on the tenent surface of the scopular seta.
claw tuft seta
Each of the tenent setae composing the claw tuft.
claw tuft shaft base
The base of the claw tuft setal shaft, just above its insertion on the socket.
tenent barb of claw tuft seta
Each of the barbs with expanded tips on the tenent surface of the claw tuft seta.
proclaw 1
retroclaw 1
inferior claw 1
proclaw 2
retroclaw 2
inferior claw 2
proclaw 3
retroclaw 3
inferior claw 3
proclaw 4
retroclaw 4
inferior claw 4
calamistrum
Fig 72:10 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
A patch of curved thick setae, usually arranged in one or more rows, on the dorsal-retrolateral side along metatarsus IV of cribellate spiders. It is used for combing out silk from the cribellum.
calamistrum seta
Each of the individual setae composing the calamistrum.
sustentaculum
tarsal setal comb 4
female palp femoral thorn
A short seta with raised base on the prolateral basal surface of the female palpal femur, most often used for stridulation against opposing ridges on the chelicerae.
lyra
base of aciniform gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
shaft of aciniform gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
base of cylindrical gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
The base of a cylindrical gland spigot of the posterior median spinneret.
booklung cover
The area of abdominal cuticle just ventral to the booklung, usually more sclerotized and with a different sculpture than the neighboring abdominal cuticle.
booklung cover internal surface
anterior booklung leaf
A leaf of the anterior booklung.
booklung leaves internal spacer
Each of the hollow cuticular columns arising from the ventral cuticle of the booklung leaf, which prevents the collapsing of the leaf.
shaft of cylindrical gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
The shaft of a cylindrical gland spigot of the posterior median spinneret.
epiandric spigot
A spigot on the male epiandrum.
lateral tracheae internal structure
spigot of anterior lateral spinneret
A spigot on the anterior lateral spinneret.
major ampullate gland spigot
Each of the large spigots on the anterior lateral spinnerets, used for draglines and structural threads.
major ampullate field
A partly sclerotized sector on the spinning field of the anterior lateral spinneret, bearing the major ampullate gland spigots and associated sensilla.
sensillum of major ampullate field
A cuticle strain sensor on the major ampullate field. These receptors are found at the base of the spigots of the major ampullate glands which produce the dragline used by the spider as a safety thread in various behavioral situations. They are likely to provide information on the forces pulling on the dragline and also on its orientation in space. A single sensillum consists of a hole in the cuticle covered by a thin cuticular membrane. It much resembles spider slit sensilla, which are known to detect strains in the exoskeleton. Each sensillum is supplied by two dendrites most likely belonging to two bipolar sensory cells. One of the dendrites ends at the covering membrane and the other more proximally. The sensilla are arranged with their long axes roughly parallel to the circumference of the spigots. External forces, transmitted by the dragline, result in deformation of the central part of the cuticular plate at the base of the spigots and thus in stimulation of the sensilla. Considering their morphology, topography, and electrophysiology, these mechanoreceptors are suggested to be important in the sensory control of dragline release by the spider.
piriform gland spigot
Each of the many spigots on the anterior lateral spinnerets, used to cement the attachment of ampullate threads to each other and to the substratum. The cemented attachment is known as attachment disk.
spigot of posterior median spinneret
A spigot on the posterior median spinneret.
minor ampullate gland spigot
An ampullate gland spigot on the posterior median spinneret.
aciniform gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
cylindrical gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
A cylindrical gland spigot on the posterior median spinneret.
aciniform gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
cylindrical gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
A cylindrical gland spigot on the posterior lateral spinneret.
modified gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
paracribellar gland spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
triad of posterior lateral spinneret
A functional group of spigots on the posterior lateral spinneret, formed by one modified spigot flanked by two spigots.
paracribellar gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
embolus tip
The end of the embolus containing the sperm outlet.
sperm outlet
The orifice on the embolus tip where the spermaphor discharges.
male palpal femoral thorn
A short seta with raised base on the prolateral basal surface of the male palpal femur, most often used for stridulation against opposing ridges on the chelicerae.
male palpal femoral thorn socket
The socket of the male palpal femoral thorn.
base of minor ampullate gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
shaft of minor ampullate gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
seta appendage cephalothorax
Any of the setae on the prosoma appendages.
median trachea internal structure
cribellar spigot
Each of the many gland spigots on the cribellum. They produce an adhesive mat of very thin dry fibrils.
spigot of posterior lateral spinneret
A spigot on the posterior lateral spinneret.
seta anal tubercle
base of paracribellar gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
bursa
A generalized term for a pouch in the female genitalia, arising internally from the epigastric fold.
shaft of paracribellar gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
epigastric furrow posterior apodeme
An apodeme arising from the posterior wall of the epigastric furrow. These apodemes are usually placed on invaginations or folds of the cuticle.
posterior receptacle
A receptacle arising from the posterior wall of the epigastric furrow, posterior to the uterus externus.
uterus externus
The last, cuticular section of the oviduct, connecting the female genitalia with the ovaries. It is usually placed at the end of the epigastric furrow.
male palpal patellar process
A sclerotized process on the male palpal patella.
chemosensory seta
A sensory seta with an open tip. They are usually inervated by 21 neurons, two of them mechanosensitive and restricted to the base, and 19 chemosensitive, with their dentrites extending into the shaft, and ending in the distal pore.
labral tongue
labral flap
A flat sclerite with a distal free end on the dorsal side of the labrum of araneomorph spiders (except Hypochilus).
labral sclerite
labrum
Fig 72:36 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The upper lip (usually covered by the chelicerae and not easily visible).
labium
Figs 72:13, 72:35 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The anterior median extension of the sternum.
lip
labial sigilla
sternum
Figs 72:26, 72:35 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The ventral sclerite of the cephalothorax.
sternal sigilla
base of gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
shaft of gland spigot of posterior median spinneret
precoxal triangle
Fig 72:59 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
Each of the triangular sclerotized extensions from the sternum, to the middle of the coxae.
precoxal sclerite
intercoxal sclerite
Each of the triangular sclerotized extensions from the sternum, between the coxae.
base of aggregate gland spigot
shaft of aggregate gland spigot
superior claw 1
pleural area
vertical intercoxal bar
pleural bar
supracoxal sclerite
epimeric sclerite
Each of the small horizontal sclerites on the pleural area, between the coxae and the carapace.
anterior midgut
The portion of the midgut contained in the cephalothorax.
anterior midgut diverticle
abdominal seta
A seta on the abdomen.
hair abdomen
scale abdomen
A scale on the abdominal cuticle.
maxillary cusple
Fig 72:21 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
Small, short macrosetae on the endites and labium of some Mygalomorphae.
dorsal sigilla
tarsal organ
Blumenthal's tarsal organ
A hygroreceptor and thermosensory organ situated on the dorsal side of the leg and palpal tarsi.
scopula
Fig72:15, 72:44, 72:66 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
A group of tenent setae covering surfaces on appendages. Do not confuse with the generic use as a brush of unspecified setae.
claw tuft
Fig 72:15 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
A group of tenent setae at the tip of the tarsus.
trichobothria
Fig 72:44 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
A sensory seta on the dorsal surfaces of legs and palps, specialized in detecting air movement. The setal shaft is slender, perpendicular to the cuticle surface, usually curved backwards and longer than the neighboring setae. Trichobothria are typically disposed in longitudinal series of distally increasing length.
superior claw 2
macroseta
A large articulate seta, with thick and long shaft and robust socket. Macrosetae are inervated by three neurons and become erected when the hemolymph pressure increases. Nerve impulses are generated only during the erection phase. They occur mainly on appendages, but sometimes similar setae occur on the abdomen as well.
spine
cymbial retrolateral-medial process
A process on the retrolateral margin of the cymbium, midway between the base and the tip.
chorion
silk structure
cribellate silk band
A complex silk structure composed by fibers from multiple gland spigot types: cribellar fibers, axial lines, and often a reserve wrap.
cribellate fiber
cribellate fibril
dragline
piriform glue
The silk produced by the piriform gland spigots, placed on the anterior lateral spigots, to attach the ampullate fibers to the substrate.
eggsac layer
sticky composed line
The sticky line composed by dry axial fibers and a viscous glue as in the araneoid spiral.
trochanter eclosion tooth
attachment disk
egg
anterior booklung spiracle
The spiracle of the anterior booklung.
venom gland
sigilla
Fig 72:67 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
sigillum
Circular impressions or dimples on the abdomen and sternum of some spiders representing points of muscle attachment and endoskeletal attachments.
appendage cephalothorax
An appendage of the cephalothorax.
whole organism color
Replace this with pigment layers, cuticular pigment, or other more precise terms. Use characters as guide.
superior claw 3
superior claw 4
palp
Appendage of cephalothorax, between the chelicerae and leg I.
cephalothorax color
abdominal color
setae patterns
Replace this an anatomical term, like the complete setal vestiture. Use characters as guide.
cephalothorax cuticle
eye proportions
eye relative positions
indirect eye
All eyes other than the anterior median eye; only these may have the tapetum layer and appear shiny. The retina receives the light indirectly, reflected by the tapetum.
tapetum
Light reflecting crystalline structure behind the retinal cells of the secondary eyes.
postembryo
A generic term for pre-hatching stages.
fang furrow
The groove of the chelicera into which the fang closes.
cusple
Very short macroseta, often with a blunt tip.
trichobothrial patterns
bothrium
socket of trichobothria
The socket of the trichobothria.
trichobothria shaft
The shaft of the trichobothria.
macroseta socket
The socket of the macroseta.
macrosetae patterns
macroseta shaft
The shaft of the macroseta.
setal barb
Each of the tiny cuticular projections on the setal shafts.
tibial gland 1
abdominal cuticle
The cuticle of the abdomen.
abdominal tergite
abdominal sternite
seta
An articulate cuticular outgrowth, often inervated to conform a mechanical or chemical sensillium.
setal socket
The cuticular alveolus and surrounding rim where the setal shaft articulates.
urticating hair
A specialized seta of some Theraphosidae spiders, with a basal breakage zone. The detached setae are transported by air or by contact and urticate the mammal skin.
tactile hair appendages cephalothorax shaft
The shaft of a tactile hair on prosoma appendages.
spinning field
The membranous surface on the spinnerets bearing spigots.
spigot
Tiny cylindrical extension of the spinnerets from which silk is extruded.
aciniform gland spigot
Each of the small spigots on the posterior spinnerets. They extrude thin fibrils used to cover surfaces, such as the wrapping of preys, lining of silken cells, some layers in eggsacs.
pumpkiniform spigot
A spigot found in some Mygalomorphae, with a globose base with striae, as in a pumpkin.
cylindrical gland spigot
Each of the large spigots on the posterior spinnerets, occurring only in adult females. They extrude a silk used for some layers of the eggsac, probably used to regulate humidity.
ampullate gland spigot
A large spigot on the anterior lateral of posterior median spinnerets, extruding resistant fibers.
paracribellar gland spigot
Each of the spigots on the posterior spinnerets of some cribellate spiders, with a shaft similar to those of cribellar spigots, strobilate except in Filistatidae.
tartipore
A cuticular scar, morphologically singular or multiple, that results, after ecdysis, from a collared opening forming in the exoskeleton during proecdysis; the opening accommodates a silk gland duct, allowing it to remain attached to a spigot on the old exoskeleton during proecdysis.
scopular seta shaft
The shaft of a scopular seta.
leg
Any of the four appendages of cephalothorax, behind the palp.
coxa
Figs 72:19, 72:26, 72:75 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The basal, 1st segment of the leg. It articulates with the trochanter through a prolateral ball-socket articulation.
trochanter
Figs 72:19, 72:75 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
Second segment of the leg, between the coxa and femur. It articulates with the femur through a pair of lateral condyles.
femur
Figs 72:19,72:75 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The 3rd segment of the leg, between trochanter and patella. It articulates with the patella through a pair of dorsal-lateral condyles.
patella
The 4th segment of the leg, between femur and tibia. It articulates with the tibia through a medial dorsal condyle.
tibia
The 5th segment of the leg, between patella and metatarsus. It articulates with the metatarsus through a pair of dorsal-lateral condyles.
metatarsus
Fig 72:19 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
basitarsus
The 6th segment of the leg, between tibia and tarsus. It articulates with the tarsus through free joint without condyles.
tarsus
Fig 72:19, 72:75 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
distitarsus
The 7th segment of the leg, between the metatarsus and the pretarsus. It articulates with the pretarsus through a pair of lateral condyles.
onychium
The apical portion of the tarsus, bearing the pretarsus and the claws, and articulated through a soft membrane. Only some spiders have an articulate onychium.
claw
A hook-shaped sclerotized structure arising from the leg pretarsus.
superior claw
Each of the paired leg tarsal claws.
proclaw
The prolateral superior claw.
retroclaw
The retrolateral superior claw.
inferior claw
Fig 72:3 in SPDrf:Ubick_et_al_2005_glossary.
The third claw (not paired) located apically on the tarsus; absent from male palp.
median claw
bothrium distal plate
The distal plate of the socket of trichobothria.
sensilla appendage cephalothorax
development
Replace this with stage-specific anatomical terms. Use characters as guide.
cuticle legs and palp
metatarsus dorsal stopper
A cuticular overhang that makes contact with an opposing step in the tarsus and prevents overflexion of the tarsus-metatarsus joint. The contact with the tarsal step triggers a signal from the vibration sense organ, a lyriform organ immediately behind the metatarsal stopper.
bothrium proximal plate
trichobothrial hood
The proximal plate of the socket of trichobothria.
direct eye
An eye where the retina receives the light directly, as opposed to being reflected by a tapetum.
anterior median eye lens
The lens of the anterior median eye.
anterior lateral eye lens
The lens of the anterior lateral eye.
posterior lateral eye lens
posterior median eye lens
The lens of the posterior lateral eye.
eye lens
The external, transparent cuticular structure of the eye.
cuticle carapace
hair carapace
tactile hair
hair
A medium-sized seta with curved shaft, usually with barbs, inervated by three neurons. This is the most frequent and widespread kind of seta.
scale carapace
A scale on the carapace cuticle.
scale
A seta with a small socket, bent in angle immediately after its insertion, so that it lies parallel to the cuticular surface. Scales lack innervation. They can have a wide variety of shapes, including feathery, cylindrical, and flat.
feathery seta
labial cusple
seta carapace
cribellate band axial line
cribellate band reserve wrap
Ac silk fiber
maAmp silk fiber
miAmp silk fiber
PC silk fiber
MS silk fiber
Cy silk fiber
Pi silk fiber
cribellar silk fiber
flagelliform gland spigot
A modified gland spigot in araneoids.
pseudoflagelliform gland spigot
A modified gland spigot in deinopoids.
base of flagelliform gland spigot
shaft of flagelliform gland spigot
base of pseudoflagelliform gland spigot
shaft of pseudoflagelliform gland spigot
abdominal segment 1
The abdominal segment between carapace and epigastrium.
abdominal segment 2
The abdominal segment between the pedicel and the epigastric furrow.
abdominal segment 3
The abdominal segment between the epigastric furrow and the spinnerets.
abdominal segment 4
The abdominal segment bearing the anterior spinnerets.
abdominal segment 5
The abdominal segment bearing the posterior spinnerets.
tracheal system
The respiratory system lined by cuticle, composed by tracheae and booklungs.
booklung
A respiratory structure made of many hollow leaves lined by cuticle, connecting to the exterior by a spiracle.
booklung spiracle
The external opening leading to the booklung atrium.
booklung leaf
booklung lamella
Each of the cuticular lamella of the booklung. The lamella are filled with air, and their thin cuticle allows for gas exchange.
booklung atrium
A space behind the booklung spiracle, where the booklung leaves arise.
posterior booklung atrium
The atrium of the posterior booklung.
anterior booklung atrium
The atrium of the anterior booklung.
trachea
A tracheal structure with tubular shape.
tracheal spiracle
The opening of a trachea to the exterior.
tracheal tube
lateral respiratory structure
A generalized tracheal structure on the 2nd or 3rd abdominal segment, may be represented as a lateral trachea or a booklung.
median respiratory structure
A generalized tracheal structure on the 2nd or 3rd abdominal segment, may be represented as a trachea or an elongate apodeme.
abdominal entapophysis
A ventral paired apodeme on the posterior end of the abdominal segment.
anterior respiratory system
anterior lateral respiratory structure
anterior median respiratory structure
epigastric median trachea
A tracheal tube arising from the interpulmonary fold in the 2nd segment.
leg cuticle
The cuticle of leg articles.
fang base
fang shaft
fang shaft serrula
behavioral entity
cribellate silk carding behavior
combing behavior
carding behavior
The stereotyped movements used by cribellate spiders to card the band of cribellar fibrils using the calamistrum. It involves the movement of the carding leg IV of which the calamistrum is being used, and a contralateral leg to support the carding leg.
pretarsus
The 8th, most distal article of the leg, articulated with the tarsus and bearing the claws.
leg article
Segment on the leg, connected to other articles or to cephalothorax by articulate joints.
pretarsus 1
The pretarsus of leg 1.
pretarsus 2
The pretarsus of leg 2.
pretarsus 3
The pretarsus of leg 3.
pretarsus 4
The pretarsus of leg 4.
acellular anatomical structure
plagula ventralis
A small sclerite on the fang articulation, where the fang flexor tendon inserts.
basal expansion of trichobothria shaft
The bulbous expansion on the trichobothrial shaft base, just above its insertion point.
claw tuft seta shaft
The shaft of the claw tuft seta.
socket of claw tuft seta
The socket of the claw tuft seta.
tarsal organ capsule
In entelegyne spiders the tarsal organ is protected by a capsule with a small opening.
tarsal organ sensillum
Each of the tarsal organ sensilla with rimmed pores, where the sensory dendrites end.
cuticle sculpture cell
Each of the discrete cells in the cuticular sculpture of rigid surfaces in spiders such as some Araneoidea.
claw lever
The sclerotized median piece on the pretarsus, where the two tendons controlling the movement of the claws are connected (pretarsus levator and pretarsus depressor). It articulates with the tarsus by two basal lateral condyles (struts). The superior claws articulate with the claw lever by a movable joint. When present, the inferior claw arises from the pretarsus.
claw lever 1
The claw lever of leg 1.
claw lever 2
The claw lever of leg 2.
claw lever 3
The claw lever of leg 3.
claw lever 4
The claw lever of leg 4.
thoracic furrow
Each of the radial superficial markings on the carapace corresponding to the limits of the underlying leg muscles.
promarginal escort seta
The cheliceral escort seta on the promargin.
retromarginal escort seta
The cheliceral escort seta on the retromargin.
promarginal rake seta
Each of the setae aligned on the cheliceral promargin in front of the fang base. They have the barbs disposed on longitudinal lines.
palpal pretarsus
The 7th, most distal article of the female palp, articulated with the tarsus and containing the claw.
palpal claw lever
The claw lever of the female palp.
slit sensillum
A mechanoreceptor sensitive to strain on the cuticle. It has a linear shape with raised borders. Slit sensilla may occur in isolation or in groups of parallel sensilla, forming a lyriform organ.
coxal muscle sclerite
Each of the sclerites forming a ring, where the coxal and trochanter muscles insert. Upon leg autospasy, the cleavage occurs across the sclerites, thus leaving the coxal muscles intact.
patellar indentation
An unsclerotized area from the retrolateral distal margin of the patella to the lyriform organs. The area of the retrolateral indentation is distorted by the movement.
hair plate
A group of short propiosensory setae placed at the ventral basal corners of coxae. They are reflected by the folding of the pleural membrane.
lyriform organ
A propiosensor made of a group of parallel slit sensilla.
tarsal dorsobasal step
A cuticular step or ridge that makes contact with the opposing metatarsus dorsal stopper and prevents overflexion of the tarsus-metatarsus joint.
vibration sense organ
A lyriform organ placed just behind the metatarsus dorsal stopper, with slit sensilla perpendicular to the leg axis.
calamistrum seta tooth
Each of the small tooth forming a comb at the margin of the calamistrum setae.
claw tuft plate
A plate bearing the insertions of the claw tuft setae, it may be articulated, well delimited from the tarsus by membranous areas.
claw slit
Each of the paired lateral-ventral slit sensilla at the tip of the tarsus, sensitive to vibrations.
claw slit suture
A ventral unsclerotized suture ventrally on the tarsus tip, uniting the claw slits from both sides. The suture seemingly provides room for cuticle deformation upon stress, and thus increased sensitivity on the slit sensilla.
claw lever file
A series of longitudinal ridges at each side on the claw lever.
elongated pedicillate seta
Each of the several long, elongate setae, with strong socket and smooth shaft, occurring anteriorly on the abdomen around the pedicel. They are presumably propioceptors of the position of the abdomen relative to the cephalothorax.
The rigid cuticle of prosoma and its appendages.
tenent barb
A barb with expanded tip that makes contact with substratum and produces adherence through molecular forces.
field of setae
An anatomically distinct field or patch of setae.
tenent seta
A seta with a defined patch of tenent barbs, such as those of the scopula or claw tuft.
female palpal chemosensory patch
A patch of chemosensory setae apically on the dorsal surface of the female palpal tarsus.
cymbial chemosensory patch
A patch of chemosensory setae apically on the dorsal surface of the male palpal tarsus (cymbium). It has been shown to be sensitive to the pheromones laid by females in draglines.
pseudotenent seta
proto-tenent seta
A seta with intermediate morphology between tenent and tactile hair, with acute tip and tenent barbs loosely organized on the contact side but usually not forming a pad.
scale shaft
The shaft of a scale.
scale socket
The socket of a scale.
apical pore of chemosensory seta
The apical pore in the chemosensory setal shaft, where the chemosensory dendrites end.
chemosensory seta socket
The socket of the chemosensory seta.
chemosensory seta shaft
The shaft of the chemosensory seta.
pedicel dorsal anterior sclerite
The dorsal sclerite on the pedicel closer to the carapace.
pedicel dorsal posterior sclerite
The posterior of the two dorsal sclerites on the pedicel. It has two lateral series of slit sensilla perpendicular to the body axis.
booklung atrium mesh
A mesh of cuticular extensions lining the booklung atrium and the base of booklung leaves.
interpulmonary fold
A fold connecting the booklung atria from each side, lined by a mesh of cuticular extensions.
apodeme
An internal prolongation of the cuticle where muscles or tendons insert.
tracheal mesh
A mesh of cuticular extensions lining the luminal side of the tracheal cuticle.
tracheole
A trachea of small diameter with single cuticular wall, without internal mesh.
tracheal cuticle
The thin cuticle of the trachea, across which the gas interchange occurs.
entapophysis 2
The entapophysis of the second abdominal segment.
entapophysis 4
The entapophysis of the fourth abdominal segment.
entapophysis 5
The entapophysis of the fifth abdominal segment.
strain sensillum of cuticle
A sensillum whose dendrites end on a pore in the cuticle, sensitive to its deformations.
flanking spigots of triad
The two spigots of the triad at each side of the modified gland spigot. Depending on the taxonomic group, the flanking spigots may be aggregate, paracribellar, or a form not yet characterized of gland spigots.
piriform field
The field of piriform gland spigots on the anterior lateral spinnerets.
pore of spigot shaft
The distal pore of the spigot shaft from where the silk is extruded.
spigot end piece
A flexible piece at the tip of the spigot shaft, delimiting the apical opening. It has been reported in the spigots of Polenecia producta (Uloboridae) but has a wider, scattered distribution in other taxa as well.
abdominal segment 11
The abdominal segment bearing the anal tubercle.
anus
An orifice on the anal tubercle where the stercoral pocket discharges.
cuticular sheet of chemosensory seta
A internal cuticular tube inside the chemosensory seta shaft, enclosing the dentrites, extending from the apical pore to about 2/3 of the shaft length.
hematodocha
Any membrane that allows or actively produces movement of the copulatory bulb or of parts of it.
division of copulatory bulb
Any of the main sections of the male copulatory bulb, delimited by hematodochae.
basal division of copulatory bulb
The division of the copulatory bulb between the basal and median hematodochae, containing the subtegulum.
median division of copulatory bulb
The division of the copulatory bulb between the median and terminal hematodochae, containing the tegulum, conductor and median apophysis.
radix
A sclerotized tube connecting the embolus with the tegulum through the terminal hematodocha, and containing the spermophor.
process of cymbium
Any of the sclerotized processes arising in the cymbium.
seta of cymbium
Any of the setae on the male palpal cymbium.
male palpal tibial process
A sclerotized process on the male palpal tibia.
male palpal femoral process
A sclerotized process on the male palpal femur.
male palpal ventral-medial process
A process on the middle of the ventral surface of the male palpal femur.
male palpal ventral-basal process
A process on the ventral surface of the male palpal femur near its base.
male palpal ventral-apical process
A process on the ventral surface of the male palpal femur near its distal end.
male palpal patella dorsal process
A process on the dorsal surface of the male palpal patella.
male palpal patella retrolateral process
A process on the retrolateral surface of the male palpal patella.
gland of male palpal tibia
A gland inside the male palpal tibia, discharging through a pore on a tibial process. Has been found in some Spartaeinae (Saliticidae) and Macrobuninae (Amaurobiidae).
groove of cymbium
A elongate depression forming a canal on the surface of cymbium.
apical cymbial groove
A ventral longitudinal groove on the tip of the cymbium. It occurs in Anyphaenidae.
cymbial conductor
retrolateral cymbial groove
A longitudinal groove on the retrolateral surface of cymbium. It occurs in several Miturgidae.
wall of spermaphor
The cuticular wall of the spermaphor.
embolar process
A sclerotized process on the emblous.
male palpal tibia dorsal basal process
A proximal process on the dorsal surface of the male palpal tibia.
male palpal tibia ventral apical process
A distal process on the ventral surface of the male palpal tibia.
duct of epigynal cuticular gland
The cuticular duct of the epigynal cuticular gland.
pore of epigynal cuticular gland
The pore on the epigynal plate where the epigynal cuticular gland discharges.
epigynal fold
Each of the two folds on the epigynum, between the lateral lobes and the median field.
A hollow cuticular structure of the female genitalia used for sperm storage. It is connected to the copulatory duct.
duct of female genitalia
A sclerotized hollow tube connecting structures of the female genitalia, usually for the transit of sperm.
duct of secondary spermatheca
The segment of duct connecting the secondary spermatheca to the copulatory duct, occasionally directly to the primary spermatheca.
mating plug
A hardened plug obstructing the female copulatory opening. The copulatory plug is secreted by the male copulatory bulb, although it may have components secreted by the female as well.
copulatory plug
gland of posterior receptacle
A gland with a cuticular duct discharging in the posterior receptacle.
receptacle
A generic term for hollow cuticular structures in the female genitalia, whose presumed function is sperm storage. The term is used mainly in Dysderoidea, Palpimanoidea or Austrochiloidea, where the homology with the spermathecae as found in other spiders is not well defined.
anterior receptacle
A receptacle arising from the anterior wall of the epigastric furrow, anterior to the uterus externus.
gland of anterior receptacle
A gland with a cuticular duct discharging in the anterior receptacle.
postepigastric invagination
A small invagination, often sclerotized, just posterior to the anterior booklung spiracle. It is found in lamponids and some other spiders.
anterior section of female genitalia
The section of the female genitalia anterior to the uterus externus. Most spiders only have genitalic structures in this section.
posterior section of female genitalia
The section of the female genitalia posterior to the uterus externus. Only some spider groups have genitalic structures in this section, for example most Dysderoidea.
gland pore of secondary spermatheca
A pore on the secondary spermatheca where a gland duct is connected.
duct of gland of secondary spermatheca
The cuticular duct connected to a pore on the secondary spermatheca.
gland of primary spermatheca
A gland discharging through a pore on the primary spermatheca.
vulval gland
A generic term for the glands discharging on the copulatory ducts and spermathecae.
gland of secondary spermatheca
A gland discharging through a pore on the secondary spermatheca.
cribellum base
The short basal article of the cribellum, visible as a sclerotized band bearing setae.
spinning field of cribellum
The spinning field of the cribellum.
cheliceral whisker seta
A seta on the cheliceral paturon, densely covered by barbs as in a pipe cleaner, except at the base, which is smooth.
cheliceral escort seta
A cheliceral whisker seta arising near the articulation of the fang, bent near its base and accompanying the fang. Escort setae are usually longer than other more mesal whisker setae.
retina
The internal layer of the eye containing the photosensitive visual cells and the pigment cells.
vitreous body
The layer of transparent cells between the eye lens and the retina.
ocular area
The region of the cephalic area bearing the eyes.
eye cup
The globular or conical stucture including all internal elements of the eye.
anterior median eye cup
The cup of the anterior median eye.
anterior lateral eye cup
The cup of the anterior lateral eye.
retrocoxal hymen
An unsclerotized, often elevated patch, on the retrolateral surface of the coxa. It occurs almost exclusively on coxa I, only rarely as well on coxae II and III.
retrocoxal window
shaft of aciniform gland spigot
The shaft of the aciniform gland spigot.
base of aciniform gland spigot
The base of the aciniform gland spigot.
base of cylindrical gland spigot
The base of a cylindrical gland spigot.
shaft of cylindrical gland spigot
The shaft of a cylindrical gland spigot.
gonopore
The opening where the uterus externus ends, usually inside the epigastric furrow.
eggsac
The silken sac made by the female to retain together the eggs.
posterior lateral eye cup
The cup of the posterior lateral eye.
posterior median eye cup
The cup of the posterior median eye.