qualifier
direction of change in mutant compared to wild type
abnormal
observed phenotype is detectably different from that in the wild type
decreased
observed feature is decreased compared to that in the wild type (slower, weaker, lower, smaller, etc.)
increased
observed feature is increased compared to that in the wild type (faster, stronger, higher, larger, etc)
absent
observed feature is not detectable in the mutant
mutant_type
describes the effect of the mutation on the gene product function
misexpression
mutation results in expression of the gene product at a developmental stage, in a cell type, or at a subcellular location different from that at which the wild-type gene is expressed
overexpression
mutation causes expression of the otherwise normal gene product to higher levels than wild-type
activation
mutation increases the normal activity of a gene product
gain of function
mutation confers a new activity on the gene product
null
Mutation abolishes completely the function of a gene product.
loss of function
repressible
Mutation leads to reduction of levels of the gene product.
depletion
reduction of function
mutation reduces the activity of the gene product
conditional
activity of the gene product is normal under some conditions and altered under others
unspecified
mutation type has been looked for but it is not specified
not yet recorded
This term was made obsolete because there was overlap with another term unspecified. The term unspecified will be used in cases where a more appropriate descriptor cannot be identified.
OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete.
observable
features of yeast cells, cultures, or colonies that can be detected, observed, measured, monitored
experiment_type
experimental approach
systematic null mutation set
This term was made obsolete as it is a compound term containing information on the both the scope of the experiment as well as the mutant type.
OBSOLETE. Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide knockout sets.
classical genetics
phenotypic analysis of mutant strains constructed using methods not requiring knowledge of the genome sequence (note this doesn't mean that no knowledge of sequence is involved, just that you don't need the whole genome)
competitive growth
quantitative data obtained in large scale experiments where mutants are grown together with wild type for many generation and scored for survival
protein activity
development
budding
axial budding pattern
haploid budding pattern
Localization of the newly emerging bud near the site of the previous bud.
bipolar budding pattern
diploid budding pattern
Localization of the emerging bud at the cell pole opposite the previous bud site.
filamentous growth
haploid invasive growth
pseudohyphal growth
lifespan
sexual cycle
mating response
cell fusion
mating efficiency
nuclear fusion during mating
pheromone production
pheromone sensitivity
shmoo formation
meiosis
meiotic recombination
sporulation
spore germination
spore wall formation
sporulation efficiency
sterile
silencing
transposable element transposition
virulence
morphology
cellular morphology
cell shape
cell size
cell wall morphology
cytoskeleton morphology
mitochondrial morphology
bud neck morphology
nuclear morphology
peroxisomal morphology
vacuolar morphology
colony appearance
colony color
colony shape
colony size
liquid culture appearance
flocculation
cellular processes
cell cycle arrest in G1 phase
This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier.
cell cycle arrest at G2 phase
cell cycle arrest at START
cell cycle arrest
cytokinesis
mitotic cell cycle
intracellular transport
autophagy
delivery and degradation of autophagy markers to the vacuole via the autophagic pathway
endocytosis
uptake and delivery of the specified endocytosis marker
mitochondrial transport
nuclear transport
protein secretion
vacuolar transport
stress resistance
killer toxin resistance
osmotic stress resistance
oxidative stress resistance
radiation resistance
UV resistance
X ray resistance
resistance to chemicals
drug resistance
This term was made obsolete, as resistance to chemicals was deemed a better choice.
budding index
percentage or fraction of budded cells in a population
metal resistance
starvation resistance
temperature sensitive growth
thermotolerance
metabolism and growth
chemical compound accumulation
production and/or storage of a specified chemical compound
nutrient utilization
auxotrophy
utilization of carbon source
ability to grow in media with the specified carbon source
utilization of nitrogen source
ability to utilize the specified compound as nitrogen source
nutrient uptake
fermentative metabolism
fermentable carbon source utilization
Growth with energy derived from fermentation; growth on a fermentable carbon source.
respiratory metabolism
non-fermentable carbon source utilization
Growth with energy derived from respiration; growth on a non-fermentable carbon source.
respiratory growth rate
mitochondrial rho- mutation frequency
mitochondrial genome maintenance
vegetative growth
growth monitored under standard culture conditions (kiquid or solid media)
growth rate in exponential phase
growth rate monitored in liquid cultures during the exponential phase
growth rate in post-diauxic phase
growth rate in liquid cultures during the post-diauxic phase
survival rate in stationary phase
rate of survival in liquid stationary cultures
competitive fitness
ability to grow/survive under conditions of direct competition with wild type, or other mutants
viability
proportion of cells in a sample that are viable, i.e. able to form colonies. Often measured by spotting aliquots of a dilution series on a plate.
inviable
mutant is not able to form visible colonies on complete glucose medium (YPD) plates under standard growth conditions
viable
mutant is capable of forming visible colonies on complete glucose (YPD) plates under standard culture conditions
large-scale survey
generation and analysis of genome-wide sets of mutants that typically utilizes robotic methods
other method
This term was made obsolete because it was a remnant of the original mutant types that has never been used. We will replace this using either a classical genetics of large-scale survey experiement type.
OBSOLETE. This term defined as 'novel techniques' has been obsoleted as it was a remnant of the original mutant types that has not been used.
other mutant type
This term was made obsolete because it does not fit within the new descriptor terminology. In cases where a specific descriptor term cannot be identified use the term unspecified.
normal
Observed phenotype shows no detectable difference between the mutant and the wild type.
wild type
position of nucleus
size of nucleus
actin cytoskeleton morphology
bud direction
cell cycle arrest in M phase
recovery from pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest
pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest
utilization of phosphorus source
ability to utilize the specified compound as a source of phosphorus
nuclear import
nuclear export
peroxisomal transport
protein transport
Localization of specified proteins and their delivery.
protein targeting
protein localization
small molecule transport
protein/peptide modification
covalent modification of a specified protein; type of modification specified
RNA localization
cell cycle arrest in metaphase
cell cycle arrest at the metaphase - anaphase transition
cell cycle arrest in anaphase
cell cycle arrest in early anaphase
cell cycle arrest in mid anaphase
cell cycle arrest in late anaphase
cell cycle arrest in telophase
cell cycle arrest in G0 (stationary phase)
critical cell size at START (G1 cell-size checkpoint)
critical cell size at G2/M (cryptic G2/M cell size checkpoint)
chromosome/plasmid maintenance
telomere length
average length of telomeres
oxidative phosphorylation
respiration
systematic repressible mutation set
This term was made obsolete as it is a compound term containing information on both the scope of the experiment as well as the repressible nature of the mutant_type.
heat sensitivity
temperature sensitivity
cold sensitivity
protein/peptide accumulation
protein/peptide abundance
Abundance of a specified peptide/protein; production to a certain level.
null homozygous diploid
This term was made obsolete because it is a compound term, with plody related information captured through the experiment_type and null captured as a mutant_type.
OBSOLETE. Mutation abolishes function of both alleles of the gene in a diploid strain.
null heterozygous diploid
OBSOLETE. Mutation abolishes function of one allele of the gene in a diploid strain.
haploinsufficient
phenotype is detectable in heterozygous diploid
petite
petite-negative
apoptosis
fermentative growth rate
rate of growth in the presence of a fermentable carbonsource
utilization of iron source
ability to utilize the specified compound as iron source
culture appearance
biofilm formation
ability to form a layer on solid surfaces with or without other microorganisms
hyphal growth
multiple
This term was made obsolete because it was a remnant of the original mutant types that does not fit within the new descriptor choices.
Affinity Capture-MS
Affinity Capture-RNA
interactions
Affinity Capture-Western
Biochemical Activity
Co-crystal Structure
Co-fractionation
Co-localization
Co-purification
Dosage Growth Defect
Dosage Lethality
Dosage Rescue
Epistatic MiniArray Profile
FRET
Far Western
Phenotypic Enhancement
Phenotypic Suppression
Protein-RNA
Protein-peptide
Reconstituted Complex
Synthetic Growth Defect
Synthetic Lethality
Synthetic Rescue
Two-hybrid
genetic interactions
physical interactions
Affinity Chromatography
Affinity Precipitation
Biochemical Assay
Purified Complex
phenotype assays
resistance to enzymatic treatment
level of resistance to treatments with factors that are enzymes
ionizing radiation resistance
gamma ray resistance
mating type switching
colony sectoring
mutation frequency
chitin deposition
budding pattern
acid pH resistance
alkaline pH resistance
hypoosmotic stress resistance
hyperosmotic stress resistance
ionic stress resistance
heterozygous diploid
This term was made obsolete because all ploidy related terms will be integrated into experiment_type terms.
homozygous diploid
chromosome segregation
protein/peptide distribution
location(s) where the specified protein is found within the cell
anaerobic metabolism
metabolism during growth in the absence of oxygen
anaerobic growth rate
rate of growth in the absence of oxygen
bud morphology
size or shape of the bud
spindle morphology
position of spindle pole body
toxin resistance
fitness
This is a top-level term that is not to be used for curation.
ability of a strain to reproduce, to produce viable daughter cells
essentiality
This is a top level term, not to be used for curation.
essentiality of a gene for survival on YPD medium at 30 degrees C
redox state
The balance of oxidized and reduced molecules in the cell. Respiration and various environmental factors cause formation of reactive oxygen species which can oxidize and damage cellular components.
utilization of sulfur source
necrotic cell death
septum formation
chemical compound excretion
mating projection morphology
The outward appearance or shape of the mating projection.
RNA accumulation
Abundance of a specified RNA or class of RNAs.
mitotic recombination
Measures of the rate or total recombination observed during the mitotic cell cycle.
subcellular morphology
The size, shape or appearance of subcellular organelles or structures.
cell cycle arrest in S phase
OBSOLETE. Arrest of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle, the phase in which DNA replication occurs.
dominant negative
Mutation resulting in a gene product that interferes with the function of the normal, wild-type gene product.
Classical genetics experiments carried out in a diploid background, where both alleles of the gene being described are identical.
Classical genetics experiments carried out in a diploid background, where alleles of the gene being described are not identical.
homozygous diploid, large-scale survey
Any large-scale survey where the experiments are carried out in a homozygous diploid background.
heterozygous diploid, large-scale survey
Any large-scale survey where the experiments carried our are in a heterozygous diploid background.
homozygous diploid, competitive growth
Any competitive growth experiment carried out in a homozygous diploid background.
heterozygous diploid, competitive growth
Any competitive growth experiment carried out in a heterozygous diploid background.
systematic mutation set
Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide haploid knockout sets.
homozygous diploid, systematic mutation set
Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide knockout sets carried out in a homozygous diploid background.
heterozygous diploid, systematic mutation set
Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide mutation sets carried out in a heterozygous diploid.
cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase transition
OBSOLETE. Arrest of cells at the transition between the G2 and M phases of the mitotic cell cycle.
pexophagy
A form of autophagy selective for peroxisomes that occurs in response to starvation, damage or as a homeostatic mechanism to regulate the levels of this organelle. Pexophagy can be further subdivided into micropexophagy, the engulfment of a cluster of peroxisomes at the vacuole surface and macropexophagy, the sequestration of individual peroxisomes by a double-membrane vesicle, followed by fusion with the vacuole.
mitophagy
A form of autophagy selective for mitochondria that occurs in response to starvation, damage or during a shift in environmental conditions. The process can be further subdivided into micromitophagy, the engulfment of a cluster of mitochondria at the vacuole surface and macromitophagy, the sequestration of individual mitochondria by a double-membrane vesicle, followed by fusion with the vacuole.
freeze-thaw resistance
The ability of yeast cells to withstand damage incurred by one or more cycles of freezing and thawing.
lipid particle morphology
lipid droplet
lipid body
The size, shape or appearance of lipid particles or droplets, subcellular structures consisting of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids (triacylglycerol and steryl esters), surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer with a small quantity of embedded proteins including enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis. Lipid particles function as a storage compartment for lipid components.
golgi morphology
The size, shape or appearance of the Golgi apparatus or its parts.
PCA
decreased rate
Observed feature is decreased with respect to time compared to that in the wild type (slower).
slower
increased rate
accelerated
faster
Observed feature is increased with respect to time compared to that in the wild type (faster, accelerated).
decreased duration
decreased length
Observed feature occurs over a decreased period of time relative to wild type.
increased duration
Observed feature occurs over an increased period of time relative to wild type.
increased length
delayed
Observed feature occurs after being postponed for a period of time relative to wild type.
postponed
arrested
Observed feature does not occur in a given time period relative to wild type.
premature
Observed feature occurs too soon, existing before the proper or usual time compared to wild type.
normal rate
Observed feature occurs at the same time relative to wild type.
cell cycle progression
Progression of cells through the mitotic cell.
cell cycle progression in G2 phase
Progression of cells through the G2 phase or second gap phase of the mitotic cell cycle, the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of mitosis.
cell cycle progression in G1 phase
Progression of cells through the G1 or first gap phase of the mitotic cell cycle, the interval between the completion of mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
cell cycle passage through START
G1 checkpoint
Passage of cells through cell cycle control point or checkpoint located late in the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle just prior to S phase entry; passage through START results in commits cells to progression through the entire cell cycle.
cell cycle progression through the G2/M phase transition
Progression of cells from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
cell cycle progression in M phase
Progression of cells through the M phase of the mitotic cell cycle, the phase in which mitosis occurs.
cell cycle passage through the metaphase-anaphase transition
Progression of cells from metaphase to anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
cell cycle progression in anaphase
Progression of cells through anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
cell cycle progression in early anaphase
Progression of cells through early anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
cell cycle progression in mid anaphase
Progression of cells through mid anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
cell cycle progression in late anaphase
Progression of cells through late anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
cell cycle progression in metaphase
Progression of cells through metaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
cell cycle progression in telophase
Progression of cells through telophase, the last of the stages of mitosis during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
cell cycle progression in S phase
Progression of cells through S phase, the part of the mitotic cell cycle where DNA synthesis occurs.
entry into G0 (stationary phase)
Entry of cells into the G0 or stationary phase of the mitotic cell cycle, where they enter a quiescent state.
exit from G0 (stationary phase)
Exit of cells from the G0 or stationary phase of the mitotic cell cycle, where they move from a quiescent state to one where growth and division resumes in the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
cell cycle progression through the G1/S phase transition
Progression of cells from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
endoplasmic reticulum morphology
The size, shape or appearance of the endoplasmic reticulum or its parts.
RNA modification
Covalent modification of a specified RNA; type of modification specified.
Synthetic Haploinsufficiency
nucleolar morphology
The size, shape or appearance of the nucleolus or its parts.
prion state
Anything to do with the presence of absence of prions in a yeast strain.
prion inheritance
The transmission of prions from a mother cell to a daughter cell during budding.
prion formation
prion acquisition
The conversion from the state of being prion-free to the state of having prions.
prion loss
The conversion from the state of having prions to the state of being prion-free.
prion curing