never in taxon
PMID:17921072
tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves'
?X DisjointWith RO_0002162 some ?Y
Chris Mungall
PMID:20973947
x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL.
shorthand
imported from
part of
part_of
has part
has_part
inheres in
inheres_in
inheres_in
is bearer of
bearer of
bearer_of
participates in
participates_in
participates_in
connected to
David Osumi-Sutherland
X connected_to Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary.
has component
For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint.
develops from
Chris Mungall
Melissa Haendel
David Osumi-Sutherland
Terry Meehan
This is the transitive form of the develops from relation
x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y
entity
continuant
occurrent
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants.
a surgical operation as processual context for a nosocomical infection
occurrent
perdurant
the life of an organism
the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life
the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis
the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
independent continuant
process
A processual entity that is a maximally connected spatiotemporal whole and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities.
process
the life of an organism
the process of cell-division
the process of sleeping
material entity
anatomical structure
material anatomical entity
cell component
multi-cell-component structure
neuron projection bundle
multicellular anatomical structure
cell
neuron
habitat
A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms.
membrane
axon
dendrite
presynaptic membrane
cell projection
neuron projection
synapse part
cell part
synapse
postsynaptic membrane
EG-Polymorphic characters in matrix. Taxa affected are noted with correct assigned states in taxon comments.
EG-Polymorphic characters in matrix. Taxa affected are noted with correct assigned states in taxon comments.
Diplomystes viedmensis
58004
Callichthys callichthys
coded as Callichthyidae
50068
in <i>Astroblepus</i> these bones are separate and the anterior margin of the pterotic is straight and unspecialized
in these taxa the contact with the hyomandibula is shallow and located toward the lateral aspect of the bone
Corydoras aeneus
coded as Callichthyidae
54832
in hypostomines, ancistrines, and some hypoptopomatines, the contact with the hyomandibula is bridged ventrally for some distance from the lateral aspect, forming a distinct chamber or channel through which pass the dilatator and levator operculi muscles
Preopercle
Preopercle: 1. in astroblepids, callichthyids, and the majority of loricariids the preopercle is a broad element firmly sutured to the hyomandibula 2. in some hypoptopomatines, the preopercle is reduced and its position relative to the hyomandibula is anteroventral
in astroblepids, callichthyids, and the majority of loricariids the preopercle is a broad element firmly sutured to the hyomandibula
Corydoras paleatus
coded as Callichthyidae
69994
in some hypoptopomatines, the preopercle is reduced and its position relative to the hyomandibula is anteroventral
Corydoras punctatus
coded as Callichthyidae
69548
Shape and positional relations of the operculum
Shape and positional relations of the operculum: 1. in astroblepids, callichthyids, and most primitive catfishes including <i>Diplomystes</i>, the opercle is broad and roughly triangular in outline 2. opercle is relatively straight
Decapogon sp.
coded as Callichthyidae
96940
in astroblepids, callichthyids, and most primitive catfishes including <i>Diplomystes</i>, the opercle is broad and roughly triangular in outline
opercle is relatively straight
Hoplosternum magdalenae
coded as Callichthyidae
84055
Dermal plates between the opercle and the canal-bearing plate at the ventral margin of the preopercle
Dermal plates between the opercle and the canal-bearing plate at the ventral margin of the preopercle: 1. in callichthyids there is no latero-sensory canal involvement with the lateral cheek plates and astroblepids lack dermal plates entirely 2. in all Loricariinae and most Hypoptopomatinae, there is a single plate between the opercle and the canal-bearing plate 3. in all Hypostominae and Ancistrinae there are at least two plates 4. in the Ancistrinae these plates are further modified and incorporated into a mass of connective tissue
in callichthyids there is no latero-sensory canal involvement with the lateral cheek plates and astroblepids lack dermal plates entirely
Astroblepus boulengeri
coded as Astroblepidae
96626
in all Loricariinae and most Hypoptopomatinae, there is a single plate between the opercle and the canal-bearing plate
Astroblepus festae
coded as Astroblepidae
96941
96627
in all Hypostominae and Ancistrinae there are at least two plates
in the Ancistrinae these plates are further modified and incorporated into a mass of connective tissue
Astroblepus grixalvae
coded as Astroblepidae
96628
Lateral cheek plates
Lateral cheek plates: 1. astroblepids and callichthyids lack this morphology 2. in the majority of loricariids the anteroventral margin of the opercular opening is bordered by the dermal plates of the lateral margin of the cheek 3. in all members of the Ancistrinae the lateral cheek plates have become further fragmented and imbedded in connective tissue at the ventral margin of the opercle
astroblepids and callichthyids lack this morphology
Astroblepus longifilis
coded as Astroblepidae
70017
in the majority of loricariids the anteroventral margin of the opercular opening is bordered by the dermal plates of the lateral margin of the cheek
in all members of the Ancistrinae the lateral cheek plates have become further fragmented and imbedded in connective tissue at the ventral margin of the opercle
Phractura scaphrorhynchura
55350
Astroblepus simonsii
coded as Astroblepidae
84655
Cheek odontodes
Cheek odontodes: 1. all other loricariids lack this articulation and the enlarged cheek odontodes 2. in members of the Ancistrinae the cheek odontodes are enlarged and elongate
all other loricariids lack this articulation and the enlarged cheek odontodes
Ancistrus chagresi
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
84604
in members of the Ancistrinae the cheek odontodes are enlarged and elongate
Ancistrus cirrhosus
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
206085
Accessory epibranchial flange
Accessory epibranchial flange: 1. all other siluroids lack the accessory epibranchial flange 2. in all members of the Hypostominae and Ancistrinae the first epibranchial bears an anterior accessory flange of bone which provides support for the first row of modified gill rakers anterior to the first arch
all other siluroids lack the accessory epibranchial flange
in all members of the Hypostominae and Ancistrinae the first epibranchial bears an anterior accessory flange of bone which provides support for the first row of modified gill rakers anterior to the first arch
Chaetostoma anomalus
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
121059
Defensive dorsal-fin spine
Defensive dorsal-fin spine: 1. <i>Astrablepus, Corydoras</i>, and the majority of loricariids share the primitive morphology 2. in the Loricariinae the defensive spine articulates with the pterygiophore via a chain-link structure
<i>Astrablepus, Corydoras</i>, and the majority of loricariids share the primitive morphology
Chaetostoma fischeri
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
77308
in the Loricariinae the defensive spine articulates with the pterygiophore via a chain-link structure
Bifid neural spines
Bifid neural spines: 1. all other loricarioids lack bifid spines 2. in <i>Astroblepus</i> there are 3-4 bifid neural spines 3. in the hypoptopomatines there are 5-7 bifid spines 4. all other loricariids share eight or more bifid neural spines
all other loricarioids lack bifid spines
Dolichancistrus atratoensis
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
263416
in <i>Astroblepus</i> there are 3-4 bifid neural spines
in the hypoptopomatines there are 5-7 bifid spines
Dolichancistrus cobrensis
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
141941
all other loricariids share eight or more bifid neural spines
Dolichancistrus pediculatus
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
58789
Pre-ural vertebral centra
Pre-ural vertebral centra: 1. in <i>Astroblepus</i> there are less than 30 pre-ural vertebral centra , while callichthyids generally have less than 26 2. Loricariines share the highest vertebral counts 3. all other loricariids have 30 or more pre-ural centra
in <i>Astroblepus</i> there are less than 30 pre-ural vertebral centra , while callichthyids generally have less than 26
Loricariines share the highest vertebral counts
Exastilithoxus fimbriatus
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
56097
all other loricariids have 30 or more pre-ural centra
Vertebral centra
Vertebral centra: 1. in callichthyids, astroblepids, and the majority ofloricariids the vertebral centra are short 2. compared with the elongate morphology in allioricariines
in callichthyids, astroblepids, and the majority ofloricariids the vertebral centra are short
Hemiancistrus megacephalus
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
56703
compared with the elongate morphology in allioricariines
Posteroventral process of the proximal portion of the pectoral-fin spine
Posteroventral process of the proximal portion of the pectoral-fin spine: 1. compared with the condition in callichthyids, astroblepids, and all other loricariids 2. the posteroventral process of the proximal portion of the pectoral-fin spine in loricariines is elongate compared with the condition in callichthyids, astroblepids, and all other loricariids
compared with the condition in callichthyids, astroblepids, and all other loricariids
Nematogenys inermis
96939
96108
Lasiancistrus caucanus
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
33478
35871
the posteroventral process of the proximal portion of the pectoral-fin spine in loricariines is elongate compared with the condition in callichthyids, astroblepids, and all other loricariids
Lasiancistrus mayoloi
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
88385
Pectoral girdle
Pectoral girdle: 1. in the majority of loricariids, the abductor fossae are exposed ventrally and the ventral surface of the girdle is covered by skin or dermal plates 2. in members of the Hypoptopomatinae, the fossae are bridged ventrally by a shelf of bone formed by anterior and posterior extensions of the coracoids and cleithra, and the ventral surface of the girdle is largely exposed
in the majority of loricariids, the abductor fossae are exposed ventrally and the ventral surface of the girdle is covered by skin or dermal plates
in members of the Hypoptopomatinae, the fossae are bridged ventrally by a shelf of bone formed by anterior and posterior extensions of the coracoids and cleithra, and the ventral surface of the girdle is largely exposed
Leptoancistrus canensis
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
273716
78301
Fibers of the arrector ventralis muscle
Fibers of the arrector ventralis muscle: 1. fibers of the arrector ventralis muscle pass ventral to this strut 2. in the hypoptopomatines the abductor fossae are bridged ventrally (see character 15) and fibers of the arrector ventralis are exposed only laterally 3. mesially, fibers of the arrector ventralis muscle pass dorsal to this strut
fibers of the arrector ventralis muscle pass ventral to this strut
in the hypoptopomatines the abductor fossae are bridged ventrally (see character 15) and fibers of the arrector ventralis are exposed only laterally
Lipopterichthys carrioni
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
51702
mesially, fibers of the arrector ventralis muscle pass dorsal to this strut
Articulation
Articulation: 1. in astroblepids the first anal-fin pterygiophore articulates with the vertebral column on the 15th or more posterior centrum and on centra 17-19 in callichthyids 2. among hypostomines and ancistrines, the articulation is on centrum 13 in hypoptopomatines and loricariines 3. among hypostomines and ancistrines, the articulation is on centra 14-17
in astroblepids the first anal-fin pterygiophore articulates with the vertebral column on the 15th or more posterior centrum and on centra 17-19 in callichthyids
Lithoxus bovalli
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
54961
among hypostomines and ancistrines, the articulation is on centrum 13 in hypoptopomatines and loricariines
Lithoxus lithoides
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
53094
among hypostomines and ancistrines, the articulation is on centra 14-17
Dermal plates posterior to the anus
Dermal plates posterior to the anus: 1. <i>Astroblepus</i> lacks dermal scutation 2. in <i>Hypoptopomatines</i> the first two or more plates posterior to the anus make contact at the midline 3. in Loricariines, the first plate is expanded and the contact is via a broad suture 4. in all other Loricariids there is no contact of any post-anal plates
<i>Astroblepus</i> lacks dermal scutation
Panaque purusiensis
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
96955
in <i>Hypoptopomatines</i> the first two or more plates posterior to the anus make contact at the midline
Peckoltia niveata
coded as Ancistrinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 2&3)
6531
in Loricariines, the first plate is expanded and the contact is via a broad suture
Cochliodon cochliodon
coded as Hypostominae
144014
5103
in all other Loricariids there is no contact of any post-anal plates
Corymbophanes andersoni
coded as Hypostominae
9187
Acanthopoma bondi
96623
Hypostomus plecostomus
coded as Hypostominae
56704
25463
18241
Caudal peduncle
Caudal peduncle: 1. the caudal peduncle is round and nearly circular in astroblepids, callichthyids, and a number of loricariids 2. in most Loricariinae, the peduncle is greatly depressed
the caudal peduncle is round and nearly circular in astroblepids, callichthyids, and a number of loricariids
in most Loricariinae, the peduncle is greatly depressed
Hypostomus sp.
coded as Hypostominae
95560
Dermal scutation and horizontal supracaudal plates
Dermal scutation and horizontal supracaudal plates: 1. astroblepids lack dermal scutation and callichthyids lack these horizontal supracaudal plates 2. in most loricariids the supracaudal plates are not elongate 3. supracaudal plates are greatly elongate in members of the Loricariinae
astroblepids lack dermal scutation and callichthyids lack these horizontal supracaudal plates
in most loricariids the supracaudal plates are not elongate
Isorineloricaria spinosissima
coded as Hypostominae
51699
supracaudal plates are greatly elongate in members of the Loricariinae
Kronichthys sp.
coded as Hypostominae
32093
Posterior margins of the hypural elements of the caudal skeleton
Posterior margins of the hypural elements of the caudal skeleton: 1. in astroblepids, callichthyids, and most primitive siluroids, the posterior margins of the hypural elements of the caudal skeleton are flush and not differentially extended 2. in the Loricariinae the hypurals are shortened, with a V-shaped morphology 3. in all other loricariids, the posterior margin of hypurals 1-2 extends beyond the posterior margin of hypurals 3-5
in astroblepids, callichthyids, and most primitive siluroids, the posterior margins of the hypural elements of the caudal skeleton are flush and not differentially extended
in the Loricariinae the hypurals are shortened, with a V-shaped morphology
Kronichthys heylandi
coded as Hypostominae
77313
in all other loricariids, the posterior margin of hypurals 1-2 extends beyond the posterior margin of hypurals 3-5
Branched pectoral-fin rays
Branched pectoral-fin rays: 1. in callichthyids and astroblepids there are generally nine or more branched pectoral-fin rays 2. all other loricariids share 5-7 branched pectoral fin rays 3. <i>Lithogenes</i> is unique among loricariids in having eight branched rays
in callichthyids and astroblepids there are generally nine or more branched pectoral-fin rays
Megalancistrus sp.
coded as Hypostominae
96959
all other loricariids share 5-7 branched pectoral fin rays
<i>Lithogenes</i> is unique among loricariids in having eight branched rays
Monistiancistrus carachama
coded as Hypostominae
68654
Mesethmoid disk
Mesethmoid disk: 1. a conspicuous mesethmoid disk is absent in all other siluroids, including <i>Chiloglanis</i> 2. the mesethmoid disk of <i>Astroblepus</i> is small compared with state 2 3. expanded morphology of loricariids
a conspicuous mesethmoid disk is absent in all other siluroids, including <i>Chiloglanis</i>
Pogonopomoides parahybae
coded as Hypostominae
71338
the mesethmoid disk of <i>Astroblepus</i> is small compared with state 2
Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps
coded as Hypostominae
95576
expanded morphology of loricariids
Pterygoplichthys sp.
coded as Hypostominae
96962
"Connecting bone" (Bailey and Baskin, 1976) between the transverse process of the second dorsal-fin proximal radial element and the distal portion of the rib on the sixth centrum
"Connecting bone" (Bailey and Baskin, 1976) between the transverse process of the second dorsal-fin proximal radial element and the distal portion of the rib on the sixth centrum: 1. in callichthyids the connecting bone, if present, is indistinct from the lateral scutation 2. in <i>Astroblepus</i> the bone is slender and rod shaped 3. all other loricariids share a robust, flattened connecting bone
in callichthyids the connecting bone, if present, is indistinct from the lateral scutation
Henonemus sp.
96624
Pseudorinelepis genibarbus
coded as Hypostominae
95570
in <i>Astroblepus</i> the bone is slender and rod shaped
Rhinelepis agassizi
coded as Hypostominae
42325
all other loricariids share a robust, flattened connecting bone
Palatine of callichthyids and astroblepids
Palatine of callichthyids and astroblepids: 1. the palatine of callichthyids and astroblepids is short compared with state 1 2. slender, elongate morphology found in all loricariids
the palatine of callichthyids and astroblepids is short compared with state 1
Hypoptopoma sp.
coded as Hypoptopomatinae; polymorphic characters: char 1 (states 1&3), char 2 (states 0&1), char 3 (states 1&2)
85814
85826
96963
slender, elongate morphology found in all loricariids
The second of two secondary pectoral-fin radials
The second of two secondary pectoral-fin radials: 1. the second of two secondary pectoral-fin radials in <i>Astroblepus</i>, callichthyids, and <i>Nematogenys</i> is distally expanded relative to state 1 2. the slender morphology
the second of two secondary pectoral-fin radials in <i>Astroblepus</i>, callichthyids, and <i>Nematogenys</i> is distally expanded relative to state 1
Microlepidogaster leucofrenatus
coded as Hypoptopomatinae; polymorphic characters: char 1 (states 1&3), char 2 (states 0&1), char 3 (states 1&2)
95558
the slender morphology
Bifid cusps
Bifid cusps: 1. in callichthyids and the vast majority of siluroids the teeth are simple, conical structures 2. in astroblepids the teeth are symmetrically bifid and pointed 3. loricariids possess a diversity of tooth cusp morphologies, with the majority having asymmetrically bifid cusps
in callichthyids and the vast majority of siluroids the teeth are simple, conical structures
Otocinclus sp.
coded as Hypoptopomatinae; polymorphic characters: char 1 (states 1&3), char 2 (states 0&1), char 3 (states 1&2)
84140
56711
96964
in astroblepids the teeth are symmetrically bifid and pointed
loricariids possess a diversity of tooth cusp morphologies, with the majority having asymmetrically bifid cusps
Oxyropsis wrightianum
coded as Hypoptopomatinae; polymorphic characters: char 1 (states 1&3), char 2 (states 0&1), char 3 (states 1&2)
198452
Expanded anterior margin of the anterohyals
Expanded anterior margin of the anterohyals: 1. all other siluroids lack this expanded anterohyal 2. all loricariids share an expanded anterior margin of the anterohyal
all other siluroids lack this expanded anterohyal
Farlowella sp.
coded as Loricariinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 1&3)
96965
all loricariids share an expanded anterior margin of the anterohyal
Bifid hemal spines
Bifid hemal spines: 1. Callichthyids, loricariids, and the vast majority of siluroids possess straight, non-bifid hemal spines 2. Astroblepids share with hypoptopomatines and loricariines the presence of bifid hemal spines
Callichthyids, loricariids, and the vast majority of siluroids possess straight, non-bifid hemal spines
Lamontichthys filamentosus
coded as Loricariinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 1&3)
84111
Astroblepids share with hypoptopomatines and loricariines the presence of bifid hemal spines
Lateropterygium element
Lateropterygium element: 1. all other siluroids lack this structure 2. in astroblepids the lateropterygium is proximally disk-shaped 3. loricariids the lateropterygium is straight and slender
all other siluroids lack this structure
Limatulichthys punctatus
coded as Loricariinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 1&3)
96967
in astroblepids the lateropterygium is proximally disk-shaped
loricariids the lateropterygium is straight and slender
Loricaria sp.
coded as Loricariinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 1&3)
96968
Pseudostegophilus nemurus
96625
Loricariichthys labialis
coded as Loricariinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 1&3)
96969
Loricariichthys sp.
coded as Loricariinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 1&3)
77306
Rhineloricaria lanceolata
coded as Loricariinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 1&3)
96970
Rhineloricaria jubata
coded as Loricariinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 1&3)
93147
Sturisoma sp.
coded as Loricariinae; polymorphic character: char 1 (states 1&3)
96971
Lithogenes villosus
52960
Neoplecostomus microps
7871
Dorsal margin of the metapterygoid contacts the lateral ethmoid
Dorsal margin of the metapterygoid contacts the lateral ethmoid: 1. there is no contact in <i>Astroblepus, Corydoras</i>, or any other siluroid 2. in members of the Hypostominae and Ancistrinae, the contact is double 3. in some members of the Hypoptopomatinae and some Loricariinae, contact is limited to the posterior metapterygoid margin
there is no contact in <i>Astroblepus, Corydoras</i>, or any other siluroid
Trichomycterus oroyae
41047
41051
41049
41050
41052
41048
in members of the Hypostominae and Ancistrinae, the contact is double
Trichomycterus sp.
96618
in some members of the Hypoptopomatinae and some Loricariinae, contact is limited to the posterior metapterygoid margin
Sutural contact
Sutural contact: 1. in all other siluroids, the hyomandibula contacts the neurocranium via the cartilaginous condyle only 2. among loricariids, sutural contact involving at least part of the posterior hyomandibular margin
in all other siluroids, the hyomandibula contacts the neurocranium via the cartilaginous condyle only
Scoloplax dicra
198967
among loricariids, sutural contact involving at least part of the posterior hyomandibular margin
Supracleithrum
Supracleithrum: 1. in <i>Astroblepus</i> these bones are separate and the anterior margin of the pterotic is straight and unspecialized 2. in these taxa the contact with the hyomandibula is shallow and located toward the lateral aspect of the bone 3. in hypostomines, ancistrines, and some hypoptopomatines, the contact with the hyomandibula is bridged ventrally for some distance from the lateral aspect, forming a distinct chamber or channel through which pass the dilatator and levator operculi muscles