never in taxon
PMID:17921072
tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves'
?X DisjointWith RO_0002162 some ?Y
Chris Mungall
PMID:20973947
x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL.
shorthand
imported from
part of
part_of
has part
has_part
inheres in
inheres_in
inheres_in
is bearer of
bearer of
bearer_of
participates in
participates_in
participates_in
connected to
David Osumi-Sutherland
X connected_to Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary.
has component
For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint.
develops from
Chris Mungall
Melissa Haendel
David Osumi-Sutherland
Terry Meehan
This is the transitive form of the develops from relation
x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y
entity
continuant
occurrent
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants.
a surgical operation as processual context for a nosocomical infection
occurrent
perdurant
the life of an organism
the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life
the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis
the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
independent continuant
process
A processual entity that is a maximally connected spatiotemporal whole and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities.
process
the life of an organism
the process of cell-division
the process of sleeping
material entity
anatomical structure
material anatomical entity
cell component
multi-cell-component structure
neuron projection bundle
multicellular anatomical structure
cell
neuron
habitat
A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms.
membrane
axon
dendrite
presynaptic membrane
cell projection
neuron projection
synapse part
cell part
synapse
postsynaptic membrane
Glanidium albescens
336
337
335
Centromochlus punctatus
26495
105.525
26496
26497
mesethmoid is reduced in size to about 15% of head length, with a flattened rostral margin
Centromochlus reticulatus
128707
1972.7.27: 703
1972.7.27: 702
26744
Nasal bone with lateral flanges of bone, partially sutured to mesethmoid
Nasal bone with lateral flanges of bone, partially sutured to mesethmoid: 1. nasals are a pair of outwardly concave tubular bones, free from the mesethmoid, and ossified only around the laterosensory supraorbital canal 2. nasal bone is strongly sutured to the mesethmoid
nasals are a pair of outwardly concave tubular bones, free from the mesethmoid, and ossified only around the laterosensory supraorbital canal
Centromochlus romani
27999
91382
69230
30491
30490
nasal bone is strongly sutured to the mesethmoid
Size of cranial fontanel
Size of cranial fontanel: 1. cranial fontanelle is primitively present (Lundberg, 1970, after Arratia, 1987), and situated between the mesethmoid and the paired frontals, which are sutured to each other behind the opening 2. absence of cranial fontanelle 3. reduced cranial fontanelle; cranial fontanelle is smaller, restricted to the frontals
cranial fontanelle is primitively present (Lundberg, 1970, after Arratia, 1987), and situated between the mesethmoid and the paired frontals, which are sutured to each other behind the opening
Centromochlus schultzi
9417
12139
Centromochlus stroudi
14641
142937
142938
83912
142941
absence of cranial fontanelle
Ageneiosus sp.
9354
5650
reduced cranial fontanelle; cranial fontanelle is smaller, restricted to the frontals
Asterophysus batrachus
915
12420
985
44129
Sphenotic and pterotic excavated, resulting in strongly concave lateral margin of neurocranium
Sphenotic and pterotic excavated, resulting in strongly concave lateral margin of neurocranium: 1. dorsolateral border of sphenotic and pterotic is straight or slightly curved inwards (Ferraris, 1988) 2. some <i>Centromochlus schultzi</i> specimens have individual variation of the concavity between the sphenotic and pterotic, with a rather deep depression between these bones, which is not, however, as deep as that observed in <i>Glanidium</i> species
dorsolateral border of sphenotic and pterotic is straight or slightly curved inwards (Ferraris, 1988)
Entomocorus benjamini
40085
Entomocorus gameroi
9357
some <i>Centromochlus schultzi</i> specimens have individual variation of the concavity between the sphenotic and pterotic, with a rather deep depression between these bones, which is not, however, as deep as that observed in <i>Glanidium</i> species
Epapterus dispilurus
28750
Tatia creutzbergi
28616
28617
105.859
19440
Liosomadoras oncinus
44131
uncatalogued
12351
Supracleithrum
Supracleithrum : 1. supracleithrum is proportionally smaller, corresponding to approximately 40% or less of the head length 2. well-developed, corresponding to about 40-50% of the head length
supracleithrum is proportionally smaller, corresponding to approximately 40% or less of the head length
Parauchenipterus galeatus
6335
well-developed, corresponding to about 40-50% of the head length
Pseudauchenipterus affinis
9376
First nuchal plate
First nuchal plate: 1. posterior portion of the cranial roof has three nuchal plates: the first unpaired plate sutured to the supraoccipital and epioccipitals, followed by a large unpaired second plate and a pair of smaller third plates 2. first nuchal plate absent
posterior portion of the cranial roof has three nuchal plates: the first unpaired plate sutured to the supraoccipital and epioccipitals, followed by a large unpaired second plate and a pair of smaller third plates
Pseudauchenipterus jequitinhonhae
44064
45046
first nuchal plate absent
Pseudauchenipterus nodosus
45675
226107
Third nuchal plate with a lateral process recurved rostromedially
Third nuchal plate with a lateral process recurved rostromedially: 1. third nuchal plate projects slightly laterally, sometimes with a small lateral process 2. lateral process of the paired third plate is well developed, curved medially, and extended dorsally, close to the margin of supracleithrum
third nuchal plate projects slightly laterally, sometimes with a small lateral process
Pseudotatia parva
57803
57807
26600
lateral process of the paired third plate is well developed, curved medially, and extended dorsally, close to the margin of supracleithrum
Tocantinsia piresi
13502
45043
Vomer with no rostrolateral processes
Vomer with no rostrolateral processes: 1. vomer is plesiomorphically expanded rostrally, with well developed arrow-shaped lateral processes 2. vomer is narrow, restricted to its ossification center and slightly elongate, without any lateral processes
vomer is plesiomorphically expanded rostrally, with well developed arrow-shaped lateral processes
Wertheimeria maculata
40229
vomer is narrow, restricted to its ossification center and slightly elongate, without any lateral processes
Synodontis brichardi
55331
Hyomandibula deeply notched
Hyomandibula deeply notched: 1. hyomandibula is plesiomorphically expanded and partially sutured to a metapterygoid which is expanded rostrally and caudally 2. hyomandibula is reduced dorsomedially and the incised dorsal margin of the suspensorium extends ventrally to the caudal margin of metapterygoid
hyomandibula is plesiomorphically expanded and partially sutured to a metapterygoid which is expanded rostrally and caudally
Hemisynodontis membranaceus
313407
hyomandibula is reduced dorsomedially and the incised dorsal margin of the suspensorium extends ventrally to the caudal margin of metapterygoid
Tatia gyrina
36979
Tatia brunnea
26196
26198
58390
26197
28571
Quadrate interposed between metapterygoid and hyomandibula
Quadrate interposed between metapterygoid and hyomandibula: 1. primitively, have a trapezoidal quadrate, permitting contact between the metapterygoid and hyomandibula 2. well developed dorsal border of the quadrate separates the metapterygoid from the hyomandibula
primitively, have a trapezoidal quadrate, permitting contact between the metapterygoid and hyomandibula
well developed dorsal border of the quadrate separates the metapterygoid from the hyomandibula
Tatia boemia
47921
12949
Elongate ventrolateral process of lacrimal forming the anterior border of orbit
Elongate ventrolateral process of lacrimal forming the anterior border of orbit: 1. lacrimal with a small ventrolateral process, and a laterosensory canal extending along its entire length (Fig. 12A) 2. infraorbital passes through the well-developed ventrolateral process of the lacrimal, exiting from it by a way of a perforation at the extremity of the process, and then continuing into the subsequent infraorbitals 3. infraorbital passes through the well-developed ventrolateral process of the lacrimal, exiting the bone at an opening on the middle of the process; in both character states the ventrolateral process of the lacrimal is posteriorly extended, forming the anterior portion of orbital margin
Tatia aulopygia
47331
1988-994
47333
lacrimal with a small ventrolateral process, and a laterosensory canal extending along its entire length (Fig. 12A)
Glanidium ribeiroi
54243
infraorbital passes through the well-developed ventrolateral process of the lacrimal, exiting from it by a way of a perforation at the extremity of the process, and then continuing into the subsequent infraorbitals
Glanidium melanopterum
12137
12359
41506
345
infraorbital passes through the well-developed ventrolateral process of the lacrimal, exiting the bone at an opening on the middle of the process; in both character states the ventrolateral process of the lacrimal is posteriorly extended, forming the anterior portion of orbital margin
Glanidium leopardus
102.233
28576
1989-43
28573
Elongation of dorsal portion of preopercle
Elongation of dorsal portion of preopercle: 1. ossified suprapreopercle is present, surrounding the dorsal portion of a small, ossified, preopercular segment of the laterosensory canal 2. preopercle is elongated dorsally, resulting in a lengthened preopercular sensory canal and a shortened suprapreopercular sensory canal, which approaches to the ventral margin of the pterotic
ossified suprapreopercle is present, surrounding the dorsal portion of a small, ossified, preopercular segment of the laterosensory canal
preopercle is elongated dorsally, resulting in a lengthened preopercular sensory canal and a shortened suprapreopercular sensory canal, which approaches to the ventral margin of the pterotic
Glanidium cesarpintoi
43251
Distal tip of Mullerian ramus produced posteriorly, extending deeply into the lumen of the swimbladder
Distal tip of Mullerian ramus produced posteriorly, extending deeply into the lumen of the swimbladder: 1. trachydoradin Mullerian ramus is quite similar to that of <i>Centromoehlus heekelii</i> and <i>C. existimatus</i>, but with a cartilaginous process in its border 2. distal tip of the Mullerian ramus is almost cylindrical and elongate, deeply projected into the anterior portion of the swimbladder wall
trachydoradin Mullerian ramus is quite similar to that of <i>Centromoehlus heekelii</i> and <i>C. existimatus</i>, but with a cartilaginous process in its border
Tatia neivai
2537.73
2159.45
2355.92
47505
42570
Pseudotatia parva
57803
26600
57807
distal tip of the Mullerian ramus is almost cylindrical and elongate, deeply projected into the anterior portion of the swimbladder wall
Auchenipterus nuchalis
44129
Tatia intermedia
6678
76790
47504
28656
12134
158884
24798
158882
58405
58406
47503
Synodontis clarias
229746
Chiloglanis disneyi
303505
Ribs: a vertebra without ribs, preceding the last ribbed vertebra
Ribs: a vertebra without ribs, preceding the last ribbed vertebra: 1. ribs are plesiornorphically attached to consecutive vertebra without a gap in the sequence 2. excluding the fused Weberian ossicles, ribs are attached consecutively to most of the first eight precaudal vertebra
ribs are plesiornorphically attached to consecutive vertebra without a gap in the sequence
excluding the fused Weberian ossicles, ribs are attached consecutively to most of the first eight precaudal vertebra
Chiloglanis polypogon
304264
Cleithrum and coracoid projected rostrally
Cleithrum and coracoid projected rostrally: 1. pectoral girdle is primitively wide and expanded (Alexander, 1965) 2. in this derived condition the cleithrum and coracoid are narrow, due to the laterally compressed pectoral girdle
pectoral girdle is primitively wide and expanded (Alexander, 1965)
Premaxilla and dentary with narrow dentigerous areas of small sized teeth
Premaxilla and dentary with narrow dentigerous areas of small sized teeth: 1. teeth are well developed, and slightly different from those found in <i>Centromochlus</i> 2. a reduced number of teeth on the premaxilla is found in other species of the Centromochlinae, such as <i>Tatia creutzbergi</i> and <i>T. gyrina</i>, which also have 2-3 rows
in this derived condition the cleithrum and coracoid are narrow, due to the laterally compressed pectoral girdle
teeth are well developed, and slightly different from those found in <i>Centromochlus</i>
Pectoral fin spine elongate, more than 35% of SL
Pectoral fin spine elongate, more than 35% of SL: 1. pectoral spine is relatively shorter, about 30% or less in standard length 2. elongate, more than 35% of SL
pectoral spine is relatively shorter, about 30% or less in standard length
elongate, more than 35% of SL
Anterior border of pectoral-fin spine with small serrations along entire margin at some point in ontogeny
Anterior border of pectoral-fin spine with small serrations along entire margin at some point in ontogeny: 1. serrations along the pectoral-fin spine are well developed, in both juveniles and adults, with an equal number along the anterior and posterior margins 2. anterior border of pectoral-fin spine with many small serrations, twice the number found along the posterior border
serrations along the pectoral-fin spine are well developed, in both juveniles and adults, with an equal number along the anterior and posterior margins
anterior border of pectoral-fin spine with many small serrations, twice the number found along the posterior border
Coracoid process partially exposed externally
Coracoid process partially exposed externally: 1. coracoid process is primitively covered with skin and not visible externally 2. coracoid process is small, but with its posterior margin externally exposed
coracoid process is primitively covered with skin and not visible externally
coracoid process is small, but with its posterior margin externally exposed
Pectoral-fin spine pigmented with transverse dark bars, forming a striped pattern
Pectoral-fin spine pigmented with transverse dark bars, forming a striped pattern: 1. pectoral fin spine is completely dark or unpigmented 2. pectoral fin spine has transverse dark bars distributed dorsally on the spine
pectoral fin spine is completely dark or unpigmented
Tatia strigata
44065
44069
78092
pectoral fin spine has transverse dark bars distributed dorsally on the spine
Dorsal fin spine elongate, about 30% or more in standard length
Dorsal fin spine elongate, about 30% or more in standard length: 1. dorsal-fin spine is about 16 to 20% standard length 2. dorsal-fin spine is well-developed and in some specimens is proportionally as long as the pectoral spine
dorsal-fin spine is about 16 to 20% standard length
dorsal-fin spine is well-developed and in some specimens is proportionally as long as the pectoral spine
Caudal fin with an elongate upper lobe
Caudal fin with an elongate upper lobe: 1. caudal-fin lobes are proportionally of equal size, without sexual dimorphism in length 2. upper caudal fin lobe is about 30 to 40% longer than the lower lobe
caudal-fin lobes are proportionally of equal size, without sexual dimorphism in length
upper caudal fin lobe is about 30 to 40% longer than the lower lobe
Caudal peduncle laterally compressed
Caudal peduncle laterally compressed: 1. caudal peduncle has an elliptical shape in transverse section, and its height corresponds to about 10% of standard length 2. due to the lateral compression, the caudal peduncle becomes proportionally higher in a lateral view, its height corresponding to about 15% of standard length
caudal peduncle has an elliptical shape in transverse section, and its height corresponds to about 10% of standard length
due to the lateral compression, the caudal peduncle becomes proportionally higher in a lateral view, its height corresponding to about 15% of standard length
a reduced number of teeth on the premaxilla is found in other species of the Centromochlinae, such as <i>Tatia creutzbergi</i> and <i>T. gyrina</i>, which also have 2-3 rows
Female urogenital papillae located at the tip of an expanded fleshy process
Female urogenital papillae located at the tip of an expanded fleshy process: 1. urogenital papillae opens in a small aperture near the anal-fin insertion, posterior to the anal opening, without an associated expanded fleshy process 2. in <i>Centromoehlus perugiae</i> and <i>C. romani</i>. In mature females of these species the urogenital papillae is larger than that observed in other components of the Centromochlinae, representing a unique condition within the subfamily
urogenital papillae opens in a small aperture near the anal-fin insertion, posterior to the anal opening, without an associated expanded fleshy process
in <i>Centromoehlus perugiae</i> and <i>C. romani</i>. In mature females of these species the urogenital papillae is larger than that observed in other components of the Centromochlinae, representing a unique condition within the subfamily
Modified anal fin proportionally small, its length between 7.5 to 10% of SL
Modified anal fin proportionally small, its length between 7.5 to 10% of SL: 1. anal fin is well developed, typically being about 20% or more of standard length, a primitive condition 2. modified anal fin is reduced in size relative to that in other centromochlins, which have an anal fin with a length about 15% or more in standard length
anal fin is well developed, typically being about 20% or more of standard length, a primitive condition
modified anal fin is reduced in size relative to that in other centromochlins, which have an anal fin with a length about 15% or more in standard length
Modified anal-fin rays and proximal radials with a posterior orientation, having an alignment nearly parallel to vertebral axis (Ferraris, 1988)
Modified anal-fin rays and proximal radials with a posterior orientation, having an alignment nearly parallel to vertebral axis (Ferraris, 1988): 1. the presence of ventrally oriented pterygiophores and modified anal-fin rays 2. proximal radials, anal fin rays, and associated distal radials, are posteriorly-directed, extending almost parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body, an unique condition within the Doradomorpha
the presence of ventrally oriented pterygiophores and modified anal-fin rays
Centromochlus concolor
106.209
106.210
proximal radials, anal fin rays, and associated distal radials, are posteriorly-directed, extending almost parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body, an unique condition within the Doradomorpha
Maxilla elongated
Maxilla elongated: 1. maxilla is smaller than or rarely the same length as the palatine, but always restricted to the base of the maxillary barbel 2. maxilla is about 35 to 45% longer than the palatine 3. maxilla two or more times the length of the palatine
Urogenital papillae of adult males emerging from a skin flap at anal-fin origin
Urogenital papillae of adult males emerging from a skin flap at anal-fin origin: 1. urogenital opening is an inconspicuous structure situated between the anus and anal-fin origin, in both males and females 2. male urogenital papillae opens at then distal tip of the anterior margin of the anal fin and the urogenital tube grows from the anal-fin base, with the urogenital pore opening at the distal margin of the fin
urogenital opening is an inconspicuous structure situated between the anus and anal-fin origin, in both males and females
maxilla is smaller than or rarely the same length as the palatine, but always restricted to the base of the maxillary barbel
male urogenital papillae opens at then distal tip of the anterior margin of the anal fin and the urogenital tube grows from the anal-fin base, with the urogenital pore opening at the distal margin of the fin
Proximal anal-fin radials enlarged and joined to each other
Proximal anal-fin radials enlarged and joined to each other: 1. proximal radials of the anal fin remain separate, even if enlarged, a condition found in the outgroups <i>Tocantinsia</i> and <i>Pseudotatia</i>, and in centromochlin females. In mature males of <i>Pseudauchenipterus</i>, the anterior proximal radials are enlarged, but not united to each other, differing from the condition observed in <i>Glanidium</i> 2. anterior proximal radials are medially fused to each other, but the posterior elements remain separate, being medially joined to each other by ligaments 3. all proximal radials are basally fused to each other, forming a single ossification
proximal radials of the anal fin remain separate, even if enlarged, a condition found in the outgroups <i>Tocantinsia</i> and <i>Pseudotatia</i>, and in centromochlin females. In mature males of <i>Pseudauchenipterus</i>, the anterior proximal radials are enlarged, but not united to each other, differing from the condition observed in <i>Glanidium</i>
anterior proximal radials are medially fused to each other, but the posterior elements remain separate, being medially joined to each other by ligaments
all proximal radials are basally fused to each other, forming a single ossification
Anterior distal radials of anal-fin enlarged
Anterior distal radials of anal-fin enlarged: 1. distal radials of the anal fin to all be about the same size or sometimes with the anterior elements slightly larger, but never twice the size of the posterior radials 2. anterior distal radials are about twice the size of the posterior elements
distal radials of the anal fin to all be about the same size or sometimes with the anterior elements slightly larger, but never twice the size of the posterior radials
anterior distal radials are about twice the size of the posterior elements
Male urogenital papillae situated on a swollen anal-fin base, with an elongate urogenital tube
Male urogenital papillae situated on a swollen anal-fin base, with an elongate urogenital tube: 1. urogenital papilla do not form a swollen expanded structure, and the urogenital tube grows from the base of the anal fin, extending over the anteriormost fin ray 2. base of the urogenital papilla becomes more rounded than is usually observed in the Centromochlinae
urogenital papilla do not form a swollen expanded structure, and the urogenital tube grows from the base of the anal fin, extending over the anteriormost fin ray
base of the urogenital papilla becomes more rounded than is usually observed in the Centromochlinae
maxilla is about 35 to 45% longer than the palatine
Adult males with first unbranched anal-fin ray with segments fused
Adult males with first unbranched anal-fin ray with segments fused: 1. first unbranched anal-fin ray is primitively segmented 2. fusion of segments in the first unbranched ray is structurally similar to that reported for <i>Epapterus</i> by Vari et al. (1984)
first unbranched anal-fin ray is primitively segmented
fusion of segments in the first unbranched ray is structurally similar to that reported for <i>Epapterus</i> by Vari et al. (1984)
Anal-fin ray
Anal-fin ray : 1. the presence of a well-developed last unbranched anal-fin ray, but in no other instance is it twice as wide as the first branched ray (Figs. 19-21) 2. last unbranched anal-fin ray distinctly enlarged, approximately two or three times the width of the first branched ray
the presence of a well-developed last unbranched anal-fin ray, but in no other instance is it twice as wide as the first branched ray (Figs. 19-21)
last unbranched anal-fin ray distinctly enlarged, approximately two or three times the width of the first branched ray
Centromochlus existimatus
98265
306028
73154
108489
Modified anal fin with two well-developed unbranched rays
Modified anal fin with two well-developed unbranched rays: 1. possess three well-developed unbranched rays in the modified anal fin 2. first unbranched anal fin ray is rudimentary, hidden by skin, and followed by two developed unbranched rays, the second one being about half or less of the length of the third
possess three well-developed unbranched rays in the modified anal fin
first unbranched anal fin ray is rudimentary, hidden by skin, and followed by two developed unbranched rays, the second one being about half or less of the length of the third
Modified anal fin with the two last, sixth and seventh, a branched fin rays rudimentary
Modified anal fin with the two last, sixth and seventh, a branched fin rays rudimentary: 1. last branched anal-fin rays become progressively smaller, but are not rudimentary 2. two posteriormost rays are reduced, being less than 1/3 of the length of the preceding ray; these rudimentary rays consist of two lepidotrichia, as is the case in other fin rays
last branched anal-fin rays become progressively smaller, but are not rudimentary
two posteriormost rays are reduced, being less than 1/3 of the length of the preceding ray; these rudimentary rays consist of two lepidotrichia, as is the case in other fin rays
Modified anal fin with retrorse spinules along anterior margin of first branched anal-fin ray
Modified anal fin with retrorse spinules along anterior margin of first branched anal-fin ray: 1. [not as in 1] 2. modified anal fin with retrorse spinules along anterior margin of first branched anal-fin ray. <i>Tatia</i> is the only group of centromochlins with both antrorse and retrorse spinules present on the first branched anal fin ray; <i>Centromochlus</i> has only retrorse spinules (character 38)
maxilla two or more times the length of the palatine
[not as in 1]
modified anal fin with retrorse spinules along anterior margin of first branched anal-fin ray. <i>Tatia</i> is the only group of centromochlins with both antrorse and retrorse spinules present on the first branched anal fin ray; <i>Centromochlus</i> has only retrorse spinules (character 38)
Modified third unbranched and first branched anal-fin rays
Modified third unbranched and first branched anal-fin rays: 1. elongate retrorse spines are present on the medial segments of third unbranched and first branched anal-fin rays, and aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of each ray. Each retrorse spine is two or fewer times the length of the correspondent ray segment 2. modified third unbranched and first branched anal-fin rays with well developed retrorse spinules along their posterior margins (Ferraris, 1988)
elongate retrorse spines are present on the medial segments of third unbranched and first branched anal-fin rays, and aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of each ray. Each retrorse spine is two or fewer times the length of the correspondent ray segment
modified third unbranched and first branched anal-fin rays with well developed retrorse spinules along their posterior margins (Ferraris, 1988)
Antrorse spinules on anterior margin of third unbranched anal-fin ray
Antrorse spinules on anterior margin of third unbranched anal-fin ray: 1. [not as in 1] 2. Antrorse spinules present on anterior margin of third unbranched anal-fin ray. Ferraris (1988) proposed the presence of antrorse spinules as a synapomorphy for an undescribed genus, including <i>Tatia creutzbergi. T. brunnea</i>, and <i>T. neivai</i>. In the present analyses, however, spinules were not found in the examined specimens of <i>Tatia creutzbergi</i>
[not as in 1]
Antrorse spinules present on anterior margin of third unbranched anal-fin ray. Ferraris (1988) proposed the presence of antrorse spinules as a synapomorphy for an undescribed genus, including <i>Tatia creutzbergi. T. brunnea</i>, and <i>T. neivai</i>. In the present analyses, however, spinules were not found in the examined specimens of <i>Tatia creutzbergi</i>
Centromochlus heckelii
44129
48910
47359
8336
23921
44128
uncatalogued
Outer mental barbels reduced in size
Outer mental barbels reduced in size: 1. outer mental pair is approximately twice the size of inner mental pair 2. in the members of the Siluriformes with two pairs of mental barbels, the inner mental pair usually is smaller than the outer mental pair
outer mental pair is approximately twice the size of inner mental pair
in the members of the Siluriformes with two pairs of mental barbels, the inner mental pair usually is smaller than the outer mental pair
Centromochlus perugiae
121965
26684
273574
92005
115.446
139045
47358.1
Rostral margin of mesethmoid flattened and straight
Rostral margin of mesethmoid flattened and straight: 1. mesethmoid is primitively developed, slightly curved rostrally, and associated with a well-developed premaxillary tooth patch 2. mesethmoid is reduced in size to about 15% of head length, with a flattened rostral margin
mesethmoid is primitively developed, slightly curved rostrally, and associated with a well-developed premaxillary tooth patch