Multistability property in cardiac ionic models of mammalian and human ventricular cells

Abstract

The underlying mechanisms of irregular cardiac rhythms are still poorly understood. Many experimental and modeling studies are aimed at identifying factors which cause cardiac arrhythmias. However, a lack of understanding of heart rhythm dynamical properties makes it difficult to uncover precise mechanisms of electrical instabilities, and hence to predict the onset of heart rhythm disorders. We review and compare the existing methods of studying cardiac dynamics, including restitution protocol (S1-S2), dynam