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Stephen Pulman : Publications

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@article{DBLP:journals/jlm/Pulman18,
  title = "Second order inference in natural language semantics",
  author = "Stephen G. Pulman",
  year = "2018",
  journal = "J. Language Modelling",
  number = "1",
  pages = "1--40",
  url = "https://doi.org/10.15398/jlm.v6i1.185",
  volume = "6",
  doi = "10.15398/jlm.v6i1.185",
}
@incollection{PulmanNeurips,
  title = "Leveraging User Engagement Signals For Entity Labeling in a Virtual Assistant",
  author = "Muralidharan, Deepak and Kao, Justine and Yang, Xiao and Li, Lin and Viswanathan, Lavanya and Seyed Ibrahim, Mubarak and Luikens, Kevin and Pulman, Stephen and Garg, Ashish and Kothari, Atish and Williams, Jason",
  year = "2018",
  booktitle = "NeurIPS 2018 Workshop on Conversational AI",
  url = "http://tinyurl.com/y52c36lx",
}
@incollection{MoilanenPulman2017,
  title = "Price sensitive ripples and chain reactions: tracking the impact of corporate announcements with real-time multidimensional opinion streaming",
  author = "Moilanen K. and Pulman S.",
  year = "2017",
  booktitle = "Sentiment Analysis in Social Networks",
  chapter = "15",
  editor = "Pozzi, F. A. and Fersini, E. and Messina, E. and Liu, B.",
  note = "ISBN 978-0-12-804412-4",
  pages = "223-237",
  publisher = "Elsevier (Morgan Kaufman)",
}
@incollection{Pulman2016b,
  title = "Financial Prediction from Heterogenous Streams of ONline Lead Indicators",
  author = "Levenberg, Abby and Simpson, Edwin and Roberts, Stephen and Pulman, Stephen and Moilanen, Karo and Gottlob, Georg",
  year = "2016",
  booktitle = "Handbook of Sentiment Analysis in Finance",
  chapter = "24",
  editor = "Mitra, Gautam and Yu, Xiang",
  note = "ISBN 978-1-910571-57-6",
  pages = "523-546",
  publisher = "Optirisk Systems and Albury Books",
}
@incollection{Pulman2016a,
  title = "Compositional Sentiment Analysis",
  author = "Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2016",
  booktitle = "Handbook of Sentiment Analysis in Finance",
  chapter = "2",
  editor = "Mitra, Gautam and Yu, Xiang",
  note = "ISBN 978-1-910571-57-6",
  pages = "35-50",
  publisher = "Optirisk Systems and Albury Books",
}
@incollection{mehrnoosh2013,
  title = "Reasoning about Meaning in Natural Language with Compact Closed Categories and Frobenius Algebras",
  author = "Dimitri Kartsaklis and Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Stephen Pulman and Bob Coecke",
  year = "2016",
  booktitle = "Logic and Algebraic Structures in Quantum Computing and Information",
  editor = "J. Chubb and A. Eskandarian and V. Harizanov",
  pages = "199-222",
  publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
}
@inproceedings{safesea1,
  title = "Feedback on Academic Essay Writing through pre-Emptive Hints: Moving Towards "Advice for Action"",
  author = "Whitelock, Denise; Twiner, Alison; Richardson, John T. E.; Field, Debora and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2015",
  booktitle = "European Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning",
  url = "http://www.eden-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/BRPA_Whitelock_et_al_0.pdf",
}
@inproceedings{Whitelock:2015:OSD:2723576.2723599,
  title = "OpenEssayist: A Supply and Demand Learning Analytics Tool for Drafting Academic Essays",
  author = "Whitelock, Denise and Twiner, Alison and Richardson, John T. E. and Field, Debora and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2015",
  address = "New York, NY, USA",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Learning Analytics And Knowledge",
  isbn = "978-1-4503-3417-4",
  keywords = "academic essay writing, automated formative feedback, educational performance, natural language processing, online distance education",
  location = "Poughkeepsie, New York",
  pages = "208--212",
  publisher = "ACM",
  series = "LAK '15",
  url = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2723576.2723599",
  doi = "10.1145/2723576.2723599",
}
@article{Greaves,
  title = "Tweets about hospital quality: a mixed methods study",
  author = "Greaves, Felix and Laverty, Antony A. and Ramirez Cano, Daniel and Moilanen, Karo and Pulman, Stephen and Darzi, Ara and Millett, Christopher",
  year = "2014",
  journal = "British Medical Journal, Quality and Safety",
  month = "April",
  doi = "10.1136/bmjqs-2014-002875",
}
@article{safesea2,
  title = "An exploration of the features of graded student essays using domain-independent natural language processing techniques",
  author = "Field, Debora; Richardson, John T. E.; Pulman, Stephen; Van Labeke, Nicolas and Whitelock, Denise",
  year = "2014",
  journal = "International Journal of e-Assessment",
  number = "1",
  pages = "article no. 69.",
  volume = "4",
}
@article{Clark2013AQT,
  title = "A quantum teleportation inspired algorithm produces sentence meaning from word meaning and grammatical structure",
  author = "Stephen Clark and Bob Coecke and Edward Grefenstette and Stephen G. Pulman and Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh",
  year = "2014",
  journal = "Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences",
  pages = "15–25",
  volume = "8(S)",
}
@article{orchid232,
  title = "Predicting Economic Indicators from Web Text Using Sentiment Composition",
  author = "Abby Levenberg and Stephen Pulman and Karo Moilanen and Edwin Simpson and Stephen J Roberts",
  year = "2014",
  journal = "International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering",
  number = "2",
  pages = "109--115",
  volume = "3",
}
@inproceedings{safesea,
  title = "Designing and testing visual representations of draft essays for higher education students",
  author = "Whitelock, Denise; Field, Debora; Pulman, Stephen; Richardson, John T. E. and Van Labeke, Nicolas",
  year = "2014",
  booktitle = "2nd International Workshop on Discourse-Centric Learning Analytics,",
  series = "4th Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK2014).",
}
@inproceedings{yu2014deep,
  title = "Deep learning for answer sentence selection",
  author = "Yu, Lei and Hermann, Karl Moritz and Blunsom, Phil and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2014",
  booktitle = "NIPS Deep Learning and Representation Learning Workshop, Montreal",
  url = "http://www.dlworkshop.org/accepted-papers",
}
@incollection{safesea3,
  title = "Functional, frustrating and full of potential: learners' experiences of a prototype for automated essay feedback. (2014) ",
  author = "Alden Rivers, Bethany; Whitelock, Denise; Richardson, John T. E.; Field, Debora and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2014",
  annote = "ISBN : 978-3-319-08656-9",
  booktitle = "Computer Assisted Assessment: Research into E-Assessment.",
  editor = "Kalz, Marco and Ras, Eric",
  isbn = "ISBN : 978-3-319-08656-9",
  pages = "40-52",
  publisher = "Springer",
  series = "Communications in Computer and Information Science",
}
@incollection{CM4chap,
  title = "Concrete Sentence Spaces for Compositional Distributional Models of Meaning",
  author = "Edward Grefenstette and Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Stephen Clark and Bob Coecke and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2014",
  booktitle = "Computing Meaning, Volume 4",
  editor = "Harry Bunt and Johan Bos and Stephen Pulman",
  note = "260 p. 13 illus., ISBN 978-94-007-7284-7",
  pages = "71-86",
  publisher = "Springer",
  series = "Text, Speech and Language Technology, Vol. 47",
}
@incollection{CM4,
  title = "Introduction: Computing Meaning: Annotation, Representation, and Inference",
  author = "Harry Bunt and Johan Bos and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2014",
  booktitle = "Computing Meaning, Volume 4",
  editor = "Harry Bunt and Johan Bos and Stephen Pulman",
  note = "260 p. 13 illus., ISBN 978-94-007-7284-7",
  pages = "1-9",
  publisher = "Springer",
  series = "Text, Speech and Language Technology, Vol. 47",
}
@inproceedings{ranlp2013,
  title = "Did {I} really mean that? {A}pplying automatic summarisation techniques to formative feedback.",
  author = "D. Field and S. Pulman and N. Van Labeke and D. Whitelock and J.T.E. Richardson",
  year = "2013",
  address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 9th International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
  editor = "Galia Angelova and Kalina Bontcheva and Ruslan Mitkov",
  month = "September",
  note = "ISSN 1313-8502",
  organization = "RANLP",
  pages = "277-284",
  volume = "9",
}
@inproceedings{karts_conll2013,
  title = "Separating Disambiguation from Composition in Distributional Semantics",
  author = "Dimitri Kartsaklis and Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2013",
  address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of 17th Conference on Natural Language Learning (CoNLL)",
  month = "August",
  pages = "114-123",
}
@inproceedings{CAA2013b,
  title = "Reflections on characteristics of university students’ essays through experimentation with domain-independent natural language processing techniques.",
  author = "D Field and JTE Richardson and S Pulman and N Van Labeke D Whitelock",
  year = "2013",
  address = "Southampton, UK",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2013 International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference",
  editor = "D Whitelock and W Warburton and G Wills and L Gilbert",
  month = "July",
  url = "http://caaconference.co.uk/proceedings/",
}
@inproceedings{CAA2013a,
  title = "Using student experience to inform the design of an automated feedback system for essay answers.",
  author = "B Alden and N Van Labeke and D Field and S Pulman and JTE Richardson and D Whitelock",
  year = "2013",
  address = "Southampton, UK",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2013 International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference",
  editor = "D Whitelock and W Warburton and G Wills and L Gilbert",
  month = "July",
  url = "http://caaconference.co.uk/proceedings/",
}
@inproceedings{AIED2013,
  title = "What is my essay really saying? Using extractive summarization to motivate reflection and redrafting.",
  author = "N Van Labeke and D Whitelock and D Field and S Pulman and J.T.E. Richardson",
  year = "2013",
  address = "Memphis, TN",
  booktitle = "Presentation at the AIED Workshop on Formative Feedback in Interactive Learning Environments",
  month = "July",
}
@inproceedings{LAK2013,
  title = "OpenEssayist: extractive summarisation and formative assessment of free-text essays.",
  author = "N Van Labeke and D Whitelock and D Field and S Pulman and JTE Richardson",
  year = "2013",
  address = "Leuven, Belgium",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Discourse-Centric Learning Analytics",
  month = "April",
  url = "http://oro.open.ac.uk/37548/",
}
@article{DoboPulman2013,
  title = "Angol nyelvű összetett főnevek értelmezése parafrázisok segítségével",
  author = "Dob\'{o}, A. and Pulman, S.G.",
  year = "2013",
  journal = "MSZNY 2013 - IX. Magyar Számítógépes Nyelvészeti Konferencia. ",
  pages = "35-46",
  publisher = "SZTE Informatikai Tanszékcsoport, Szeged",
}
@incollection{PulmanInOUP,
  title = "Distributional Semantic Models",
  author = "Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2013",
  booktitle = "Quantum Physics and Linguistics: A Compositional, Diagrammatic Discourse",
  editor = "Chris Heunen and Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Edward Grefenstette",
  pages = "333-358",
  publisher = "Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-964629-6",
}
@inproceedings{kartsaklis_etal_2012,
  title = "A Unified Sentence Space for Categorical Distributional-Compositional Semantics: Theory and Experiments",
  author = "Dimitri Kartsaklis and Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2012",
  address = "Mumbai, India",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING): Posters",
  month = "December",
  pages = "549-558",
}
@article{kartsaklis_etal_2012,
  title = "A Unified Sentence Space for Categorical Distributional-Compositional Semantics: Theory and Experiments",
  author = "Dimitri Kartsaklis and Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2012",
  address = "Mumbai, India",
  journal = "Proceedings of 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING): Posters",
}
@article{wojtinnek2012building,
  title = "BUILDING SEMANTIC NETWORKS FROM PLAIN TEXT AND WIKIPEDIA WITH APPLICATION TO SEMANTIC RELATEDNESS AND NOUN COMPOUND PARAPHRASING",
  author = "WOJTINNEK, P.I.A.R. and PULMAN, S. and V{\"O}LKER, J.",
  year = "2012",
  journal = "International Journal of Semantic Computing",
  number = "01",
  pages = "67--91",
  publisher = "World Scientific Publishing Company",
  volume = "6",
}
@article{crook2012generating,
  title = "Generating context-sensitive {ECA} responses to user barge-in interruptions",
  author = "Crook, N. and Field, D. and Smith, C. and Harding, S. and Pulman, S. and Cavazza, M. and Charlton, D. and Moore, R. and Boye, J.",
  year = "2012",
  journal = "Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces",
  pages = "1--13",
  publisher = "Springer Berlin/Heidelberg",
}
@inproceedings{hermann-EtAl:2012:STARSEM-SEMEVAL,
  title = "Learning Semantics and Selectional Preference of Adjective-Noun Pairs",
  author = "Hermann, Karl Moritz and Dyer, Chris and Blunsom, Phil and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2012",
  address = "Montr\'{e}al, Canada",
  booktitle = "{*SEM 2012}: The First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics -- Volume 1: Proceedings of the main conference and the shared task, and Volume 2: Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation {(SemEval 2012)}",
  month = "7-8 June",
  pages = "70--74",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  url = "http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/S12-1011",
}
@inproceedings{hermann-blunsom-pulman:2012:STARSEM-SEMEVAL,
  title = "An Unsupervised Ranking Model for Noun-Noun Compositionality",
  author = "Hermann, Karl Moritz and Blunsom, Phil and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2012",
  address = "Montr\'{e}al, Canada",
  booktitle = "{*SEM 2012}: The First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics -- Volume 1: Proceedings of the main conference and the shared task, and Volume 2: Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation {(SemEval 2012)}",
  month = "7-8 June",
  pages = "132--141",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  url = "http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/S12-1021",
}
@article{DoboPulman2011,
  title = "Interpreting noun compounds using paraphrases",
  author = "Dob\'{o}, A. and Pulman, S.G.",
  year = "2011",
  journal = "Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural",
  pages = "59-66",
  url = "http://scholr.ly/paper/2006550/interpreting-noun-compounds-using-paraphrases-interpretacion-de-los-compuestos-nominales-mediante-parafrasis",
  volume = "46",
}
@article{GrefenstetteSadrzadehClarkCoeckePulman2010,
  title = "Concrete Sentence Spaces for Compositional Distributional Models of Meaning",
  author = "Edward Grefenstette and Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Stephen Clark and Bob Coecke and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2011",
  journal = "Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS11)",
  pages = "125--134",
  url = "http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W11/W11-0114.pdf",
}
@inproceedings{Pia2011,
  title = "Semantic Relatedness from Automatically Generated Semantic Networks",
  author = "Pia-Ramona Wojtinnek and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2011",
  address = "Oxford, UK",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS11)",
  editor = "Johan Bos and Stephen Pulman",
  organization = "ACL SIGSEM",
  pages = "390-394",
  publisher = "ACL",
  url = "http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/W/W11/W11-0149.pdf",
}
@inproceedings{FrostEtAl:2010,
  title = "Probabilistic Approach to Modelling Spatial Language with Its Application To Sensor Models",
  author = "Frost, Jamie and Harrison, Alastair and Pulman, Stephen and Newman, Paul",
  year = "2010",
  address = "Mt. Hood/Portland, Oregon, USA.",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Workshop on Computational Models of Spatial Language Interpretation (COSLI-2010) at Spatial Cognition 2010.",
  editor = "Robert Ross and Joana Hois and John Kelleher",
  month = "August",
  note = "ISSN 1613-0073",
  pages = "1-8",
  publisher = "CEUR",
  url = "http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-620/paper1.pdf",
}
@inproceedings{DobnikPulman:2010,
  title = "Human Evaluation of Robot-Generated Spatial Descriptions.",
  author = "Dobnik, Simon and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2010",
  address = "Mt. Hood/Portland, Oregon, USA.",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Workshop on Computational Models of Spatial Language Interpretation (COSLI-2010) at Spatial Cognition 2010.",
  editor = "Robert Ross and Joana Hois and John Kelleher",
  month = "August",
  note = "ISSN 1613-0073",
  pages = "25-32",
  publisher = "CEUR",
  url = "http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-620/paper4.pdf",
}
@inproceedings{pulman-EtAl:2010:CDS,
  title = "How Was Your Day?",
  author = "Pulman, Stephen and Boye, Johan and Cavazza, Marc and Smith, Cameron and Santos de la C\'{a}mara, Ra\'{u}l",
  year = "2010",
  address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2010 Workshop on Companionable Dialogue Systems",
  month = "July",
  pages = "37--42",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  url = "http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W10-2707",
}
@inproceedings{KSJMemoir,
  title = "Karen {I}da {B}oalth {S}p\"{a}rck {J}ones, 1935-2007",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "2010",
  booktitle = "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows IX",
  number = "166",
  organization = "The British Academy",
  pages = "273-300",
  publisher = "Oxford University Press",
  series = "Proceedings of the British Academy",
}
@inproceedings{WojtinnekHRP10,
  title = "Conceptual Knowledge Acquisition Using Automatically Generated Large-Scale Semantic Networks",
  author = "Pia-Ramona Wojtinnek and Brian Harrington and Sebastian Rudolph and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2010",
  address = "Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia",
  annote = "ISBN:3-642-14196-X 978-3-642-14196-6",
  booktitle = "ICCS 2010: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Conceptual Structures",
  pages = "203-206",
  publisher = "Springer-Verlag, Berlin",
}
@inproceedings{pulman:2010,
  title = "Conditions for Companionhood",
  author = "Pulman, S. G.",
  year = "2010",
  address = "Amsterdam",
  booktitle = "Close Engagements with Artificial Companions. Key social, psychological, ethical and design issues",
  editor = "Yorick Wilks",
  pages = "29-34",
  publisher = "John Benjamins",
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/persuasive/CavazzaSCCBPMPCT10,
  title = "Persuasive Dialogue Based on a Narrative Theory: An {ECA} Implementation",
  author = "Marc Cavazza and Cameron Smith and Daniel Charlton and Nigel Crook and Johan Boye and Stephen G. Pulman and Karo Moilanen and David Pizzi and Raul Santos de la Camara and Markku Turunen",
  year = "2010",
  booktitle = "PERSUASIVE",
  pages = "250-261",
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/iva/SmithCBCDPCPCT10,
  title = "Interaction Strategies for an Affective Conversational Agent",
  author = "Cameron Smith and Nigel Crook and Johan Boye and Daniel Charlton and Simon Dobnik and David Pizzi and Marc Cavazza and Stephen G. Pulman and Raul Santos de la Camara and Markku Turunen",
  year = "2010",
  booktitle = "IVA",
  pages = "301-314",
}
@inproceedings{Crook10,
  title = "Handling User Interruptions in an Embodied Conversational Agent",
  author = "Crook, N.T. and Smith, C. and Cavazza, M. and Pulman, S. and Moore, R. and Boye, J.",
  year = "2010",
  address = "Toronto",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the AAMAS International Workshop on Interacting with ECAs as Virtual Characters, accepted for a special issue of the Journal of Multimodal User Interfaces",
  month = "10th May",
  pages = "27 – 33",
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/cicling/MihalceaSP10,
  title = "Computational Models for Incongruity Detection in Humour",
  author = "Rada Mihalcea and Carlo Strapparava and Stephen G. Pulman",
  year = "2010",
  booktitle = "CICLing",
  pages = "364-374",
}
@inproceedings{Moilanen:Packed2010,
  title = "Packed Feelings and Ordered Sentiments: Sentiment Parsing with Quasi-compositional Polarity Sequencing and Compression",
  author = "Karo Moilanen and Stephen Pulman and Yue Zhang",
  year = "2010",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity and Sentiment Analysis (WASSA 2010) at the 19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2010)",
  location = "Lisbon, Portugal",
  month = "August 16-20",
  pages = "36--43",
  url = "http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wolf2244/packedFeelingsWASSA10Final.pdf",
}
@incollection{MihalceaEtAl2010,
  title = "Analysing the Human Processing of Verbal Humour through Eye-Tracking Experiments",
  author = "Mihalcea, Rada and Pulman, Stephen and Kovic, Vanya and Plunkett, Kim",
  year = "2010",
  address = "Bucharest, Romania",
  annote = "ISBN 978-973-27-1972-5",
  booktitle = "Multilinguality and Interoperability in Language Processing with Emphasis on Romanian",
  editor = "Dan Tufis and Corina Forascu",
  pages = "434-447",
  publisher = "Editura Academiei Romane",
}
@inproceedings{crook-granell-pulman:2009:SIGDIAL,
  title = "Unsupervised Classification of Dialogue Acts using a {D}irichlet Process Mixture Model",
  author = "Crook, Nigel and Granell, Ramon and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2009",
  address = "London, UK",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference",
  month = "September",
  pages = "341--348",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  url = "http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W09-3951",
}
@inproceedings{granell-pulman-martinezhinarejos:2009:SIGDIAL,
  title = "Simultaneous Dialogue Act Segmentation and Labelling using Lexical and Syntactic Features",
  author = "Granell, Ramon and Pulman, Stephen and Mart{\'i}nez-Hinarejos, Carlos-D.",
  year = "2009",
  address = "London, UK",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference",
  month = "September",
  pages = "333--336",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  url = "http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W09-3949",
}
@inproceedings{moilanen-pulman:2009:RANLP09,
  title = "Multi-entity Sentiment Scoring",
  author = "Moilanen, Karo and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2009",
  address = "Borovets, Bulgaria",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference RANLP-2009",
  month = "September",
  pages = "258--263",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  url = "http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R09-1048",
}
@article{deFelicePulman2009b,
  title = "Automatic Detection of Preposition Errors in Learner Writing",
  author = "De Felice and Rachele and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2009",
  journal = "Calico (The Computer Assisted Language Instruction Consortium) ",
  number = "3",
  pages = "512-528",
  url = "https://www.calico.org",
  volume = "26",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanEthno,
  title = "Linguistic Ethnography: Identifying Dominant Word Classes in Text",
  author = "Rada Mihalcea and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2009",
  booktitle = "Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing",
  isbn = "978-3-642-00381-3",
  issn = "0302-9743 (Print) 1611-3349 (Online)",
  pages = "594-602",
  publisher = "Springer Berlin / Heidelberg",
  series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  url = "http://www.springerlink.com/content/p08m276540072j3q/",
  volume = "Volume 5449/2009",
  doi = "10.1007/978-3-642-00382-0_48",
}
@inproceedings{deFelicePulman2009,
  title = "Using Clustering to Improve Adjective Selection in {E}nglish Adjective-noun Pairs",
  author = "De Felice and Rachele and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2009",
  address = "Rome",
  booktitle = "Linguistica e modelli tecnologici di ricerca: Atti del XL Congresso internazionale di studi Vercelli, 21-23 settembre 2006 ",
  editor = "Giacomo Ferrari and Ruben Benatti and Monica Mosca",
  key = "ISBN: 978-88-7870-469-5",
  pages = "267-284",
  publisher = "Bulzoni",
  series = "Societ\`{a} di Linguistica Italiana",
  volume = "SLI 51",
}
@inproceedings{defelice-pulman:2008:PAPERS,
  title = "A Classifier-Based Approach to Preposition and Determiner Error Correction in {L2} {E}nglish",
  author = "De Felice and Rachele and Pulman, Stephen G.",
  year = "2008",
  address = "Manchester, UK",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
  month = "August",
  pages = "169--176",
  publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
  url = "http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1022",
}
@inproceedings{moilanen-pulman:2008:ACLShort,
  title = "The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown: Morphosyllabic Sentiment Tagging of Unseen Words",
  author = "Moilanen, Karo and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2008",
  address = "Columbus, Ohio",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of ACL-08: HLT, Short Papers",
  month = "June",
  pages = "109--112",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  url = "http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P08/P08-2028",
}
@inproceedings{step2008:2212,
  title = "{Automatic Fine-Grained Semantic Classification for Domain Adaption}",
  author = "Liakata, Maria and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2008",
  booktitle = "Semantics in Text Processing. STEP 2008 Conference Proceedings",
  editor = "Bos, Johan and Delmonte, Rodolfo",
  pages = "139--153",
  publisher = "College Publications",
  series = "Research in Computational Semantics",
  url = "http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W08-2212",
  volume = "1",
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/coling/JiP08,
  title = "{ILP}-based Conceptual Analysis for Chinese {NP}s",
  author = "Paul D. Ji and Stephen G. Pulman",
  year = "2008",
  booktitle = "COLING (Posters)",
  pages = "47-50",
}
@inproceedings{Moilanen:Sentiment,
  title = "Sentiment Composition",
  author = "Karo Moilanen and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2007",
  address = "Borovets, Bulgaria",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing International Conference (RANLP-2007)",
  month = "September 27-29",
  pages = "378--382",
  url = "http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wolf2244/sentCompRANLP07Final.pdf",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanAutomaticallyAcquiring,
  title = "Automatically Acquiring Models of Preposition Use",
  author = "De Felice and Rachele and Pulman, Stephen",
  year = "2007",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the 4th ACL-SIGSEM Workshop on Prepositions, Prague, Czech Republic, Association for Computational Linguistics}",
  pages = "45--50",
  url = "http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/W/W06/W06-1662.pdf",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanCombining,
  title = "Combining Symbolic and Distributional Models of Meaning",
  author = "Stephen Clark and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2007",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Quantum Interaction, Stanford, CA, 2007}",
  pages = "52--55",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanCharacterizing,
  title = "Characterizing Humour: An Exploration of Features in Humorous Texts",
  author = "Rada Mihalcea and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2007",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing (CICLing), Springer, Mexico City, February 2007}",
  note = "(2nd) best paper award!",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanFormal,
  title = "Formal and Computational Semantics: a Case Study",
  author = "Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2007",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Computational Semantics: IWCS-7, Tilburg, The Netherlands, 2007}",
  editor = "Jeroen Geertzen and Elias Thijsse and Harry Bunt and Amanda Schiffrin",
  isbn = "90-74029-31-0",
  pages = "181--196",
}
@misc{journals/coling/Pulman07,
  title = "Review of {\it Flexible Semantics for Reinterpretation Phenomena}",
  author = "Stephen G. Pulman",
  year = "2007",
  journal = "Computational Linguistics",
  note = "{Review of {\it Flexible Semantics for Reinterpretation Phenomena} Markus Egg (University of Groningen) Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications (CSLI Studies in Computational Linguistics, edited by Ann Copestake), 2006, xxi+239 pp; paperbound, ISBN 1-57586-502-5.}",
  number = "1",
  pages = "141-143",
  volume = "33",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanSentence,
  title = "Sentence Ordering with Manifold-based Classification in Multi-Document Summarization",
  author = "Paul D. Ji and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2006",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2006), Sydney, July 2006}",
  pages = "526--533",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanTeachingARobot,
  title = "Teaching a robot spatial expressions",
  author = "Simon Dobnik and Stephen Pulman and Paul Newman and Alastair Harrison",
  year = "2005",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings Second ACL-SIGSEM Workshop on The Linguistic Dimensions of Prepositions and their Use in Computational Linguistics Formalisms and Applications, Essex University}",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanAutomatic,
  title = "Automatic Short Answer Marking, in Association for Computational Linguistics",
  author = "S. G Pulman and J. Z. Sukkarieh",
  year = "2005",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of Second Workshop on Building Educational Applications Using NLP, Ann Arbor, Michigan}",
  pages = "9--16",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanInformationExtraction,
  title = "Information Extraction and Machine Learning: Automarking Short Free Text Responses to Science Questions",
  author = "Jana Sukkarieh and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2005",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AI-ED)}",
}
@incollection{PulmanLexicalDecomposition,
  title = "Lexical Decomposition: For and Against",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "2005",
  address = "Dordrecht",
  booktitle = "Charting a New Course: Natural Language Processing And Information Retrieval: Essays in Honour of Karen Sparck Jones",
  editor = "John I. Tait",
  pages = "155--174",
  publisher = "{Kluwer Academic/ Springer}",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanLearningDomainTheories,
  title = "Learning Domain Theories",
  author = "S. G. Pulman and M. Liakata",
  year = "2004",
  booktitle = "Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
  editor = "N. Nicolov and K. Bontcheva and G. Angelova and R. Mitkov",
  pages = "29--44",
  publisher = "{John Benjamins Publishing}",
  series = "Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
  volume = "III",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanAutoMarking2,
  title = "{Auto-marking 2: An update on the UCLES-Oxford University research into using computational linguistics to score short, free text responses}",
  author = "J. Z. Sukkarieh and S. G. Pulman and N. Raikes",
  year = "2004",
  booktitle = "{International Association of Educational Assessment, Philadelphia}",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanLearningTheories,
  title = "Learning Theories from Text",
  author = "M. Liakata and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "2004",
  booktitle = "{COLING 18: 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Geneva}",
  pages = "183--190",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanAutomarking,
  title = "Automarking: using computational linguistics to score short, free-text responses",
  author = "J. Z. Sukkarieh and S. G. Pulman and N. Raikes",
  year = "2003",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of 29th International Association for Educational Assessment (IAEA) Annual Conference}",
  url = "http://www.aqa.org.uk/support/iaea/papers/sukkarieh-pulman-raikes.pdf",
}
@article{PulmanRelatingDialogue,
  title = "Relating Dialogue Games to Information State",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "2002",
  journal = "Speech Communication",
  pages = "15--30",
  volume = "36",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanFromTrees,
  title = "From Trees to Predicate-Argument Structures",
  author = "M. Liakata and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "2002",
  booktitle = "{COLING 17: 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Taipei, Taiwan}",
  pages = "563--569",
  url = "http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/C/C02/C02-1105.pdf",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanGrammarLearning,
  title = "Grammar Learning using Inductive Logic Programming",
  author = "S. G. Pulman and J. Cussens",
  year = "2001",
  booktitle = "{Oxford University Working Papers in Linguistics}",
  issn = "1473-9356",
  pages = "31--46",
  volume = "6",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanIncorporating,
  title = "Incorporating linguistic constraints into inductive logic programming",
  author = "J. Cussens and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "2000",
  booktitle = "{In Proceedings of CoNLL2000 and LLL2000, Lisbon}",
  month = "September",
  pages = "184--193",
  publisher = "{ACL}",
}
@article{PulmanStatistical,
  title = "Statistical and Logical Reasoning in Disambiguation",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "2000",
  journal = "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London",
  pages = "1267--1280",
  series = "A",
  volume = "358",
}
@article{PulmanBidirectionalContextualResolution,
  title = "Bidirectional Contextual Resolution",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "2000",
  journal = "Computational Linguistics",
  number = "4",
  pages = "497--538",
  volume = "26",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanExperiments,
  title = "Experiments in inductive chart parsing",
  author = "James Cussens and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "2000",
  booktitle = "Learning Language in Logic",
  editor = "James Cussens and Saso Dzeroski",
  pages = "143--156",
  publisher = "Springer Verlag",
  series = "Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence",
  volume = "1925",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanAutomaticExtraction,
  title = "Automatic extraction of protein interactions from scientific abstracts",
  author = "J. Thomas and D. Milward and C. Ouzounis and S. G. Pulman and M. Carroll",
  year = "2000",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 2000, Hawaii}",
  pages = "541--52",
}
@article{973324,
  title = "Review of ",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1999",
  address = "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  issn = "0891-2017",
  journal = "Comput. Linguist.",
  note = "Reviewer-Stephen Pulman",
  number = "3",
  pages = "445--446",
  publisher = "MIT Press",
  volume = "25",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanRelating,
  title = "Relating Dialogue Games to Information States",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1999",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the European Speech Communication Association workshop on Dialogue and Prosody, De Konigshof, The Netherlands}",
  editor = "J. Terken and M. Swerts",
  pages = "17--24",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanBidirectional,
  title = "Bidirectional Interpretation of Tense and Aspect",
  author = "J. Thomas and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1999",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Computational Semantics, Tilburg}",
  editor = "H. Bunt et al",
  pages = "247--263",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanComputerProcessable,
  title = "Computer Processable English and McLogic",
  author = "J. Sukkarieh and S.G. Pulman",
  year = "1999",
  booktitle = "{Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Computational Semantics, Tilburg}",
  editor = "H. Bunt et al",
  pages = "367--380",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanTrindi,
  title = "The {TRINDI} Project: Some Preliminary Themes",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1998",
  booktitle = "{TWLT 13, Formal Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, University of Twente, Enschede.}",
  editor = "Joris Hulstein and Anton Nijholt",
  pages = "31--39",
}
@article{PulmanAspectual,
  title = "Aspectual Shift as Type Coercion",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1997",
  journal = "Transactions of the Philological Society",
  number = "2",
  pages = "279--317",
  volume = "95",
}
@article{PulmanHigherOrderUnification,
  title = "Higher Order Unification and the Interpretation of Focus",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1997",
  journal = "Linguistics and Philosophy",
  pages = "73--115",
  volume = "20",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanConversational,
  title = "Conversational Games, Belief Revision and Bayesian Networks",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1997",
  booktitle = "{CLIN VII: Proceedings of 7th Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands meeting, Nov 1996}",
  editor = "J. Landsbergen et al.",
  pages = "1--25",
}
@incollection{PulmanLexicalComponent,
  title = "The Lexical Component of a Natural Language Toolkit",
  author = "S. G. Pulman and G. D. Ritchie and G. J. Russell and A. W. Black and E. J. Briscoe and B. K. Boguraev and J. A. Carroll and C. G Grover",
  year = "1997",
  address = "Cambridge",
  booktitle = "Automating the lexicon - research and practice in a multilingual environment",
  editor = "D.Walker and A.Zampolli and N.Calzolari",
  publisher = "{CUP}",
}
@article{PulmanUnificationEncodings,
  title = "Unification encodings of grammatical notations",
  author = "S.G. Pulman",
  year = "1996",
  journal = "Computational Linguistics",
  pages = "295--328",
  volume = "22/3",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanCompiling,
  title = "Compiling a Partition-based Formalism",
  author = "E. Grimley-Evans and G. Kiraz and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1996",
  booktitle = "{COLING 96, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Copenhagen, Denmark: Association for Computational Linguistics}",
  pages = "454--459",
  volume = "I",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanControlledLanguage,
  title = "Controlled Language for Knowledge Representation",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1996",
  booktitle = "{Proc. of the First International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium}",
  pages = "233--242",
}
@techreport{Pulman1996d,
  title = "Using the Framework",
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman and Ted Briscoe and Holger Maier and Karsten Konrad",
  year = "1996",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D16}, 136 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del16.ps.gz}",
}
@techreport{Pulman1996c,
  title = "Building the Framework",
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman and Nicholas Asher and Paul Dekker and Karsten Konrad and Emiel Krahmer and Holger Maier and Peter Ruhrberg",
  year = "1996",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D15}, 408 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del15.ps.gz}",
}
@techreport{Pulman1996b,
  title = "A Strategy for Building a Framework",
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "1996",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D14}, 25 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del14.ps.gz}",
}
@techreport{Pulman1996a,
  title = "Evaluation of Previous Work",
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "1996",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D13}, 78 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del15.ps.gz}",
}
@incollection{PulmanSemantics,
  title = "Semantics",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1996",
  booktitle = "Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology",
  editor = "R. A. Cole and J. Mariani and H. Uszkoreit and A. Zaenen and V. Zue",
  pages = "105--111",
  publisher = "{Cambridge University Press}",
}
@article{PulmanProductionOfSpecifications,
  title = "A Method for Controlling the Production of Specifications in Natural Language",
  author = "B. Macias and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1995",
  journal = "The Computer Journal",
  number = "4",
  pages = "310--318",
  volume = "38",
}
@article{PulmanAnaphora,
  title = "Anaphora and Ellipsis in Artificial Languages",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1995",
  journal = "Natural Language Engineering",
  number = "3",
  pages = "217--233",
  volume = "1",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanIssues,
  title = "Issues in Developing a Korean Version of the Core Language Engine",
  author = "H. S. Park and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1995",
  booktitle = "{NLPRS '95, Proceedings of the Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium, KAIST, Taejon, Korea}",
  editor = "Key-Sun Choi",
  pages = "308--313",
  volume = "I",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanInference,
  title = "Inference in the Resolution of Ellipsis",
  author = "I. Lewin and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1995",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of ESCA Workshop on Spoken Dialogue Systems, Vigso, Denmark",
  editor = "P. Dalsgaard and L. B. Larsen and L. Boves and I. Thomsen",
  pages = "53--56",
}
@techreport{Pulman1995e,
  title = "The Bluffer's Guide to Computational Semantics",
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "1995",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "48 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{http://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/}",
}
@techreport{Pulman1995d,
  title = "Evaluating the State of the Art",
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "1995",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D10}, 152 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del10.ps.gz}",
}
@techreport{Pulman1995c,
  title = "The State of the Art in Computational Semantics: Evaluating the Descriptive Capabilities of Semantic Theories",
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "1995",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D9}, 262 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del9.ps.gz}",
}
@techreport{Pulman1995b,
  title = "Describing the Approaches",
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "1995",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D8}, 231 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del8.ps.gz}",
}
@techreport{Pulman1995a,
  title = "Harmonizing the Approaches",
  author = "Robin Cooper and Richard Crouch and Jan van Eijck and Chris Fox and Josef van Genabith and Jan Jaspars and Hans Kamp and Manfred Pinkal and David Milward and Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman",
  year = "1995",
  institution = "{FraCaS}: A Framework for Computational Semantics",
  note = "{FraCaS} deliverable {D7}, 107 pages, also available by anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del7.ps.gz}",
}
@misc{Review1995,
  title = "Review of {\it Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing}",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1995",
  note = "{Review of {\it Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing}, ed. T. Strzalkowski, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994, in Computational Linguistics 21/2, 269-271.}",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanComputationalTheory,
  title = "A Computational Theory of Context Dependence",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1994",
  booktitle = "Proceedings: International Workshop on Computational Semantics, Institute for Language Technology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands",
  editor = "H. Bunt and R. Muskens and G. Rentier",
  pages = "161--170",
}
@incollection{PulmanExpressivity,
  title = "Expressivity of Lean Formalisms",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1994",
  address = "Luxembourg",
  booktitle = "Grammatical Formalisms: Issues in Migration",
  editor = "S. Markantonatou and L. Sadler",
  pages = "35--59",
  publisher = "Office for Official Publications of the European Communities",
  series = "{Studies in Machine Translation and Natural Language Processing}",
  volume = "4",
}
@article{PulmanFeatureBased,
  title = "A feature based formalism for two-level phonology",
  author = "S. G. Pulman and M. R. Hepple",
  year = "1993",
  journal = "{Computer Speech and Language}",
  pages = "333--358",
  volume = "7",
}
@article{PulmanTimeAndModality,
  title = "Time and Modality in a Natural Language Interface to a Planning System",
  author = "R. S. Crouch and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1993",
  journal = "Artificial Intelligence",
  note = "{This issue also reprinted as {\it Natural Language Processing}, ed. F. Pereira and B. Grosz, MIT Press, 1994}",
  pages = "265--304",
  volume = "63",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanHigherOrder,
  title = "Higher Order Unification and the Semantics of Focus",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1993",
  booktitle = "Papers from the Third Nordic Conference on Text Comprehension in Man and Machine, April 1992, Link\"{o}ping University",
  isbn = "91-7871-101-0",
  pages = "113--127",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanSpeechToSpeech,
  title = "A Speech to Speech Translation System Built from Standard Components",
  author = "M. Rayner and H. Alshawi and I. Bretan and D. Carter and V. Digilakis and B. Gamback and J. Kaja and J. Karlgren and B. Lyberg and S.G. Pulman and P. Price and C. Samuelsson",
  year = "1993",
  booktitle = "Human Language Technology, Proceedings of ARPA Workshop, Princeton, NJ.",
  pages = "217--222",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanSpeechBased,
  title = "A Speech-Based Route Enquiry System Built from General Purpose Components",
  author = "I. Lewin and M. Russell and D. Carter and S. Browning and K. Ponting and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1993",
  booktitle = "{EUROSPEECH 93, Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, Berlin}",
  pages = "2047--2050",
}
@incollection{PulmanIdioms,
  title = "The recognition and interpretation of idioms",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1993",
  address = "{New Jersey}",
  booktitle = "Idioms: Processing, Structure, and Interpretation",
  editor = "C. Cacciari and P. Tabossi",
  pages = "249--270",
  series = "{Laurence Earlbaum Cognitive Science Monographs}",
}
@incollection{PulmanNaturalLanguageProcessing,
  title = "Natural Language Processing for Requirements Specification",
  author = "B. Macias and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1993",
  address = "London",
  booktitle = "Safety Critical Systems: Current Issues, Techniques and Standards",
  editor = "F. Redmill and T. Anderson",
  pages = "67--89",
  publisher = "{Chapman and Hall Ltd.}",
}
@inbook{PulmanComputationalMorphology,
  title = "{Computational Morphology: Practical Mechanisms for the English Lexicon}",
  author = "G. D. Ritchie and A. W. Black and G. J. Russell and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1992",
  address = "{Cambridge Mass.}",
  publisher = "{MIT Press}",
}
@techreport{Pulman1992,
  title = "Reusability of Grammatical Resources and Grammar Development in {ALEP}",
  author = "Doug Arnold and Toni Badia and Josef van Genabith and Dieter Kohl and Stella Markantonatou and Stephen Pulman and Louisa Sadler and Paul Schmidt",
  year = "1992",
  institution = "Commission of the European Communities",
  note = "Final Report",
  number = "ET 10/52",
}
@incollection{PulmanUnification,
  title = "Unification Based Syntactic Analysis",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1992",
  address = "Cambridge Mass.",
  booktitle = "{The Core Language Engine}",
  editor = "H. Alshawi",
  pages = "61--82",
  publisher = "{MIT Press.}",
}
@incollection{PulmanEllipsis,
  title = "Ellipsis, Comparatives, and Generation",
  author = "H. Alshawi and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1992",
  address = "Cambridge Mass.",
  booktitle = "The Core Language Engine",
  editor = "H. Alshawi",
  pages = "251--273",
  publisher = "{MIT Press}",
}
@incollection{PulmanParsing,
  title = "Parsing",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1992",
  booktitle = "Oxford International Encyclopedia of Linguistics",
  editor = "W. Bright",
  pages = "159--162",
  publisher = "{Oxford University Press}",
  volume = "3",
}
@incollection{PulmanBasicParsing,
  title = "Basic Parsing Techniques",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1992",
  booktitle = "{Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics}",
  publisher = "{Pergamon Press/ Aberdeen University Press}",
}
@incollection{PulmanChartParsing,
  title = "Chart Parsing and Well-Formed Substring Tables",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1992",
  booktitle = "{Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics}",
  publisher = "{Pergamon Press/ Aberdeen University Press}",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanComparatives,
  title = "Comparatives and Ellipsis",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1991",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 5th European Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Berlin",
  pages = "1--6",
  url = "http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/E/E91/E91-1002.pdf",
}
@techreport{PulmanTR1991,
  title = "Shallow Processing and Automatic Summarising: a First Study",
  author = "Stephen Pulman and Philip Gladwin and Karen Sp\"{a}rck Jones",
  year = "1991",
  institution = "Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanInteracting,
  title = "Interacting with an intelligent planning system using English sentences",
  author = "B. Crabtree and R. Crouch and D. Moffat and N. Pirie and G. Ritchie and S. G. Pulman and A. Tate",
  year = "1990",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of Conference on Expert Planning Systems, Brighton, UK.",
  pages = "169--174",
  publisher = "{American Association for Artificial Intelligence, and Institute of Electrical Engineers}",
}
@incollection{PulmanPrepositional,
  title = "Prepositional Relatives and Syntactic Marginality",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1989",
  address = "Oxford",
  booktitle = "Essays on Grammatical Theory and Universal Grammar",
  editor = "D. J. Arnold et al.",
  pages = "204--221",
  publisher = "{Clarendon Press}",
}
@incollection{PulmanEvents,
  title = "{Events and Verb Phrase Modifiers}",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1989",
  address = "London",
  booktitle = "{Recent Developments and Applications of, Natural Language Understanding}",
  editor = "J. Peckham",
  pages = "179--191",
  publisher = "{Kogan Page, Ltd. and Maryland: GP Publishing Inc.}",
}
@misc{Review1989,
  title = "{Review of {\it From Schema Theory to Language}}",
  author = "S.G. Pulman",
  year = "1989",
  note = "{Review of M. A. Arbib, E. J. Conklin, and J. C. Hill 'From Schema Theory to Language', New York: Oxford University Press, in Contemporary Psychology 34, 7: 686-687.}",
}
@article{PulmanMorphologyEnglish,
  title = "Computational Morphology of English",
  author = "S. G. Pulman and G. D. Ritchie and G. J. Russell and A. W. Black",
  year = "1988",
  journal = "Linguistics",
  pages = "545--560",
  volume = "26",
}
@article{PulmanComputationalFramework,
  title = "A Computational Framework for Lexical Description",
  author = "G. D. Ritchie and S. G. Pulman and A. W. Black and G. J. Russell",
  year = "1988",
  journal = "{Computational Linguistics}",
  pages = "290--307",
  volume = "13",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanOverview,
  title = "Overview of the Core Language Engine",
  author = "H. Alshawi and D. Carter and J. van Eijck and R. Moore and D. Moran and S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1988",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference on 5th Generation Computer Systems",
  pages = "1108--1115",
  publisher = "Tokyo: Institute for New Generation Computer Technology",
  volume = "3",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanNaturalLanguage,
  title = "A Natural Language Interface to an Intelligent Planning System",
  author = "B. Crabtree and R. Crouch and D. Moffat and N. Pirie and S. G. Pulman and G. D. Ritchie and A. Tate",
  year = "1988",
  address = "Stevenage",
  booktitle = "{UK IT} 88 Conference Publication, Dept. of Trade and Industry",
  pages = "319--322",
  publisher = "{IEE Publishing Dept}",
}
@misc{Review1988,
  title = "Review of {\it Computational Complexity and Natural Language}",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1988",
  note = "{Review of R. Berwick et al., `Computational Complexity and Natural Language', MIT Press, in Journal of Linguistics, 24, 573-575.}",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanNewGrammatism,
  title = "Unification and the New Grammatism",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1987",
  booktitle = "{Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing 3, NMSU, Las Cruces, New Mexico}",
  editor = "Yorick Wilks",
  pages = "40--42",
  volume = "3",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanPassives,
  title = "Passives",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1987",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 3rd European Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Copenhagen: ACL",
  pages = "306--313",
  url = "http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/E/E87/E87-1049.pdf",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanFormalisms,
  title = "Formalisms for Morphographemic Description",
  author = "A. W. Black and G. D. Ritchie and S. G. Pulman and G. J. Russell",
  year = "1987",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 3rd European Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Copenhagen: {ACL}",
  pages = "11--18",
}
@techreport{Ritchie:1987,
  title = "The {E}dinburgh/{C}ambridge Morphological Analyser and Dictionary System [Version 3.0]",
  author = "G. D. Ritchie and A. W. Black and S. G. Pulman and G. J. Russell",
  year = "1987",
  institution = "Dept.\ of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh",
}
@techreport{PulmanTR1987,
  title = "{The SRI Core Language Engine project}: the grammar",
  author = "Stephen Pulman and G. D. Ritchie",
  year = "1987",
  institution = "{Centre for Cognitive Science, Edinburgh, and Institute for Language, Logic and Information, Amsterdam}",
  note = "in E. Klein and J. van Benthem (eds.) {\it Categories, Polymorphism and Unification}",
  pages = "307--322",
}
@incollection{PulmanComputationalModels,
  title = "Computational Models of Parsing",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1987",
  address = "{London and New Jersey}",
  booktitle = "{Progress in the Psychology of Language}",
  editor = "A. Ellis",
  pages = "159--231",
  publisher = "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates",
  volume = "III",
}
@incollection{PulmanMetaphor,
  title = "Metaphor",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1987",
  address = "London",
  booktitle = "{A Dictionary of Modern Critical Terms}",
  editor = "R.G. Fowler",
  pages = "144--146",
  publisher = "{Routledge and Kegan Paul}",
}
@incollection{PulmanSyntaxSemantics,
  title = "The Syntax Semantics Interface",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1987",
  address = "London",
  booktitle = "Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications",
  editor = "P. J. Whitelock et al.",
  pages = "189--224",
  publisher = "{Academic Press}",
}
@article{PulmanGrammarsParsersMemory,
  title = "Grammars, Parsers and Memory Limitations",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1986",
  journal = "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  number = "3",
  pages = "197--225",
  volume = "1",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanDictionary,
  title = "A Dictionary and Morphological Analyser for English",
  author = "G. D. Ritchie and S. G. Pulman and A. W. Black and G.J. Russell",
  year = "1986",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Bonn: {ACL}",
  pages = "277--9",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanDoesnt,
  title = "A Parser That Doesn't",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1985",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2nd European Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Geneva: {ACL}",
  pages = "128--135",
}
@techreport{PulmanTR1985,
  title = "Indexed Grammars and Intersecting Dependencies",
  author = "Stephen Pulman and G. D. Ritchie",
  year = "1985",
  institution = "{University of East Anglia}",
  number = "23",
  pages = "21--38",
  series = "{Univ. of East Anglia Papers in Linguistics}",
}
@misc{Review1985b,
  title = "{ Review of {\it Information and Misinformation}}",
  author = "S.G. Pulman",
  year = "1985",
  note = "{Review of C. J. Fox, {\it Information and Misinformation}, in Journal of Documentation, Vol 41.1, 43-44.}",
}
@misc{Review1985a,
  title = "{Review of {\it Elements of Mathematical Linguistics}}",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1985",
  note = "{Review of A. V. Gladkij and I. A. Melcuk, {\it Elements of Mathematical Linguistics}, Berlin: Mouton, 1983, in Journal of Linguistics, Vol 21, 262.}",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanLimited,
  title = "Limited Domain Systems for Language Teaching",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1984",
  booktitle = "Coling 84: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Stanford, California: Association for Computational Linguistics",
  pages = "84--87",
  url = "http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P84/P84-1020.pdf",
}
@inbook{PulmanWordMeaning,
  title = "Word Meaning and Belief",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1983",
  address = "London",
  pages = "viii, 177",
  publisher = "{Croom Helm Ltd., and New Jersey, Ablex Publishing Corp.}",
}
@incollection{PulmanTraceTheory,
  title = "Trace Theory, Parsing and Constraints",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1983",
  address = "London",
  booktitle = "Parsing Natural Language",
  editor = "M. King",
  pages = "171--196",
  publisher = "{Academic Press}",
}
@incollection{PulmanGeneralised,
  title = "Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar, Earley's Algorithm, and the Minimisation of Recursion",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1983",
  address = "Chichester",
  booktitle = "Automatic Natural Language Parsing",
  editor = "K. Sparck Jones and Y. Wilks",
  pages = "117--131",
  publisher = "{Ellis Horwood Ltd.}",
}
@article{PulmanMetaphors,
  title = "Are Metaphors 'Creative'?",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1982",
  journal = "Journal of Literary Semantics",
  pages = "78--89",
  volume = "XI:2",
}
@misc{Review1981b,
  title = "{Review of M. Fortescue, {\it A Discourse Production Model for Twenty Questions}}",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1981",
  note = "{Review of M. Fortescue, {\it A Discourse Production Model for Twenty Questions}, Amsterdam, John Benjamins B.V. 1980, in Journal of Pragmatics Vol 5, 380-382}",
}
@misc{Review1981a,
  title = "Review of {\it Noam Chomsky: Language, Creativity and Freedom}",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1981",
  note = "{Review of {\it Noam Chomsky: Language, Creativity and Freedom}, Review article, in Straight Lines Vol 6, 32-35.}",
}
@inproceedings{PulmanParsingAndSyntactic,
  title = "Parsing and Syntactic Theory",
  author = "S. G. Pulman",
  year = "1980",
  booktitle = "Coling 80: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Tokyo: International Committee on Computational Linguistics",
  pages = "54--59",
  url = "http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/C/C80/C80-1009.pdf",
}
@misc{Review1980,
  title = "{Review of {\it Modern Linguistics}}",
  author = "S.G. Pulman",
  year = "1980",
  note = "{Review of N. Smith and D. Wilson {\it Modern Linguistics}, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1979: in Journal of Literary Semantics Vol IX:2 108-110}",
}
@techreport{PulmanTR1979,
  title = "Grammatical Description and Sentence Processing",
  author = "Stephen Pulman",
  year = "1979",
  institution = "{University of East Anglia}",
  pages = "19--49",
  series = "Univ. of East Anglia Papers in Linguistics",
  volume = "10",
}
@techreport{PulmanTR1978,
  title = "Shape Classifiers and Natural Categories",
  author = "Stephen Pulman",
  year = "1978",
  institution = "{Essex University}",
  pages = "35--57",
  series = "{Essex University Papers in Linguistics}",
  volume = "20",
}
@techreport{PulmanTR1976,
  title = "{Can, Could, and Possible For}",
  author = "Stephen Pulman",
  year = "1976",
  institution = "{Essex University}",
  pages = "27--45",
  series = "{Essex University Papers in Linguistics}",
  volume = "18",
}
@misc{Review1976,
  title = "{Review of {\it Approaches to Natural Language}}",
  author = "S. G. Pulman and A. Spencer",
  year = "1976",
  note = "{Review of K.J.J. Hintikka et al. {\it Approaches to Natural Language}, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing, 1973. Part 1 in Kritikon Litterarum Vol 5.1, Part 2 in Vol 5.2}",
}