Stephen Pulman : Publications

A Classifier−Based Approach to Preposition and Determiner Error Correction in L2 English

De Felice‚ Rachele and Stephen G. Pulman

In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008). Pages 169–176. Manchester‚ UK. August, 2008. Coling 2008 Organizing Committee.

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A Computational Framework for Lexical Description

G. D. Ritchie‚ S. G. Pulman‚ A. W. Black and G. J. Russell

In Computational Linguistics. Vol. 13. Pages 290–307. 1988.

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A Computational Theory of Context Dependence

S. G. Pulman

In H. Bunt‚ R. Muskens and G. Rentier, editors, Proceedings: International Workshop on Computational Semantics‚ Institute for Language Technology‚ Tilburg University‚ The Netherlands. Pages 161–170. 1994.

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A Dictionary and Morphological Analyser for English

G. D. Ritchie‚ S. G. Pulman‚ A. W. Black and G.J. Russell

In Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics‚ Bonn: ACL. Pages 277–9. 1986.

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A Method for Controlling the Production of Specifications in Natural Language

B. Macias and S. G. Pulman

In The Computer Journal. Vol. 38. No. 4. Pages 310–318. 1995.

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A Natural Language Interface to an Intelligent Planning System

B. Crabtree‚ R. Crouch‚ D. Moffat‚ N. Pirie‚ S. G. Pulman‚ G. D. Ritchie and A. Tate

In UK IT 88 Conference Publication‚ Dept. of Trade and Industry. Pages 319–322. Stevenage. 1988. IEE Publishing Dept.

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A Parser That Doesn't

S. G. Pulman

In Proceedings of the 2nd European Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics‚ Geneva: ACL. Pages 128–135. 1985.

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A Speech to Speech Translation System Built from Standard Components

M. Rayner‚ H. Alshawi‚ I. Bretan‚ D. Carter‚ V. Digilakis‚ B. Gamback‚ J. Kaja‚ J. Karlgren‚ B. Lyberg‚ S.G. Pulman‚ P. Price and C. Samuelsson

In Human Language Technology‚ Proceedings of ARPA Workshop‚ Princeton‚ NJ.. Pages 217–222. 1993.

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A Speech−Based Route Enquiry System Built from General Purpose Components

I. Lewin‚ M. Russell‚ D. Carter‚ S. Browning‚ K. Ponting and S. G. Pulman

In EUROSPEECH 93‚ Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology‚ Berlin. Pages 2047–2050. 1993.

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A Strategy for Building a Framework

Robin Cooper‚ Richard Crouch‚ Jan van Eijck‚ Chris Fox‚ Josef van Genabith‚ Jan Jaspars‚ Hans Kamp‚ Manfred Pinkal‚ David Milward‚ Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman

FraCaS: A Framework for Computational Semantics. 1996.

FraCaS deliverable D14‚ 25 pages‚ also available by anonymous ftp from ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del14.ps.gz

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A Unified Sentence Space for Categorical Distributional−Compositional Semantics: Theory and Experiments

Dimitri Kartsaklis‚ Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING): Posters. 2012.

Details about A Unified Sentence Space for Categorical Distributional−Compositional Semantics: Theory and Experiments | BibTeX data for A Unified Sentence Space for Categorical Distributional−Compositional Semantics: Theory and Experiments

A Unified Sentence Space for Categorical Distributional−Compositional Semantics: Theory and Experiments

Dimitri Kartsaklis‚ Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING): Posters. Pages 549−558. Mumbai‚ India. December, 2012.

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A feature based formalism for two−level phonology

S. G. Pulman and M. R. Hepple

In Computer Speech and Language. Vol. 7. Pages 333–358. 1993.

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A quantum teleportation inspired algorithm produces sentence meaning from word meaning and grammatical structure

Stephen Clark‚ Bob Coecke‚ Edward Grefenstette‚ Stephen G. Pulman and Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh

In Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences. Vol. 8(S). Pages 15–25. 2014.

Details about A quantum teleportation inspired algorithm produces sentence meaning from word meaning and grammatical structure | BibTeX data for A quantum teleportation inspired algorithm produces sentence meaning from word meaning and grammatical structure

An Unsupervised Ranking Model for Noun−Noun Compositionality

Karl Moritz Hermann‚ Phil Blunsom and Stephen Pulman

In *SEM 2012: The First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics – Volume 1: Proceedings of the main conference and the shared task‚ and Volume 2: Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2012). Pages 132–141. Montréal‚ Canada. 2012. Association for Computational Linguistics.

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An exploration of the features of graded student essays using domain−independent natural language processing techniques

Nicolas Field Debora; Richardson John T. E.; Pulman Stephen; Van Labeke and Denise Whitelock

In International Journal of e−Assessment. Vol. 4. No. 1. Pages article no. 69.. 2014.

Details about An exploration of the features of graded student essays using domain−independent natural language processing techniques | BibTeX data for An exploration of the features of graded student essays using domain−independent natural language processing techniques

Analysing the Human Processing of Verbal Humour through Eye−Tracking Experiments

Rada Mihalcea‚ Stephen Pulman‚ Vanya Kovic and Kim Plunkett

In Dan Tufis and Corina Forascu, editors, Multilinguality and Interoperability in Language Processing with Emphasis on Romanian. Pages 434−447. Editura Academiei Romane, Bucharest‚ Romania. 2010.

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Anaphora and Ellipsis in Artificial Languages

S. G. Pulman

In Natural Language Engineering. Vol. 1. No. 3. Pages 217–233. 1995.

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Angol nyelvű összetett főnevek értelmezése parafrázisok segítségével

A. Dobό and S.G. Pulman

In MSZNY 2013 − IX. Magyar Számítógépes Nyelvészeti Konferencia.. Pages 35−46. 2013.

Details about Angol nyelvű összetett főnevek értelmezése parafrázisok segítségével | BibTeX data for Angol nyelvű összetett főnevek értelmezése parafrázisok segítségével

Are Metaphors 'Creative'?

S. G. Pulman

In Journal of Literary Semantics. Vol. XI:2. Pages 78–89. 1982.

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Aspectual Shift as Type Coercion

S. G. Pulman

In Transactions of the Philological Society. Vol. 95. No. 2. Pages 279–317. 1997.

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Automarking: using computational linguistics to score short‚ free−text responses

J. Z. Sukkarieh‚ S. G. Pulman and N. Raikes

In Proceedings of 29th International Association for Educational Assessment (IAEA) Annual Conference. 2003.

Details about Automarking: using computational linguistics to score short‚ free−text responses | BibTeX data for Automarking: using computational linguistics to score short‚ free−text responses | Download  (pdf) of Automarking: using computational linguistics to score short‚ free−text responses | Download (pdf) of Automarking: using computational linguistics to score short‚ free−text responses

Automatic Detection of Preposition Errors in Learner Writing

De Felice‚ Rachele and Stephen Pulman

In Calico (The Computer Assisted Language Instruction Consortium). Vol. 26. No. 3. Pages 512−528. 2009.

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Automatic Short Answer Marking‚ in Association for Computational Linguistics

S. G Pulman and J. Z. Sukkarieh

In Proceedings of Second Workshop on Building Educational Applications Using NLP‚ Ann Arbor‚ Michigan. Pages 9–16. 2005.

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Automatic extraction of protein interactions from scientific abstracts

J. Thomas‚ D. Milward‚ C. Ouzounis‚ S. G. Pulman and M. Carroll

In Proceedings of Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 2000‚ Hawaii. Pages 541–52. 2000.

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Automatically Acquiring Models of Preposition Use

De Felice‚ Rachele and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of the 4th ACL−SIGSEM Workshop on Prepositions‚ Prague‚ Czech Republic‚ Association for Computational Linguistics. Pages 45–50. 2007.

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BUILDING SEMANTIC NETWORKS FROM PLAIN TEXT AND WIKIPEDIA WITH APPLICATION TO SEMANTIC RELATEDNESS AND NOUN COMPOUND PARAPHRASING

P.I.A.R. WOJTINNEK‚ S. PULMAN and J. VÖLKER

In International Journal of Semantic Computing. Vol. 6. No. 01. Pages 67–91. 2012.

Details about BUILDING SEMANTIC NETWORKS FROM PLAIN TEXT AND WIKIPEDIA WITH APPLICATION TO SEMANTIC RELATEDNESS AND NOUN COMPOUND PARAPHRASING | BibTeX data for BUILDING SEMANTIC NETWORKS FROM PLAIN TEXT AND WIKIPEDIA WITH APPLICATION TO SEMANTIC RELATEDNESS AND NOUN COMPOUND PARAPHRASING

Basic Parsing Techniques

S. G. Pulman

In Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics. Pergamon Press/ Aberdeen University Press. 1992.

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Bidirectional Contextual Resolution

S. G. Pulman

In Computational Linguistics. Vol. 26. No. 4. Pages 497–538. 2000.

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Bidirectional Interpretation of Tense and Aspect

J. Thomas and S. G. Pulman

In H. Bunt et al, editor, Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Computational Semantics‚ Tilburg. Pages 247–263. 1999.

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Building the Framework

Robin Cooper‚ Richard Crouch‚ Jan van Eijck‚ Chris Fox‚ Josef van Genabith‚ Jan Jaspars‚ Hans Kamp‚ Manfred Pinkal‚ David Milward‚ Massimo Poesio‚ Stephen Pulman‚ Nicholas Asher‚ Paul Dekker‚ Karsten Konrad‚ Emiel Krahmer‚ Holger Maier and Peter Ruhrberg

FraCaS: A Framework for Computational Semantics. 1996.

FraCaS deliverable D15‚ 408 pages‚ also available by anonymous ftp from ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del15.ps.gz

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Characterizing Humour: An Exploration of Features in Humorous Texts

Rada Mihalcea and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of the Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing (CICLing)‚ Springer‚ Mexico City‚ February 2007. 2007.

(2nd) best paper award!

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Chart Parsing and Well−Formed Substring Tables

S. G. Pulman

In Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics. Pergamon Press/ Aberdeen University Press. 1992.

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Combining Symbolic and Distributional Models of Meaning

Stephen Clark and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Quantum Interaction‚ Stanford‚ CA‚ 2007. Pages 52–55. 2007.

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Comparatives and Ellipsis

S. G. Pulman

In Proceedings of the 5th European Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics‚ Berlin. Pages 1–6. 1991.

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Compiling a Partition−based Formalism

E. Grimley−Evans‚ G. Kiraz and S. G. Pulman

In COLING 96‚ Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics‚ Copenhagen‚ Denmark: Association for Computational Linguistics. Vol. I. Pages 454–459. 1996.

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Compositional Sentiment Analysis

Stephen Pulman

In Gautam Mitra and Xiang Yu, editors, Handbook of Sentiment Analysis in Finance. Chapter 2. Pages 35−50. Optirisk Systems and Albury Books. 2016.

ISBN 978−1−910571−57−6

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Computational Models for Incongruity Detection in Humour

Rada Mihalcea‚ Carlo Strapparava and Stephen G. Pulman

In CICLing. Pages 364−374. 2010.

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Computational Models of Parsing

S. G. Pulman

In A. Ellis, editor, Progress in the Psychology of Language. Vol. III. Pages 159–231. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London and New Jersey. 1987.

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Computational Morphology of English

S. G. Pulman‚ G. D. Ritchie‚ G. J. Russell and A. W. Black

In Linguistics. Vol. 26. Pages 545–560. 1988.

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Computer Processable English and McLogic

J. Sukkarieh and S.G. Pulman

In H. Bunt et al, editor, Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Computational Semantics‚ Tilburg. Pages 367–380. 1999.

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Conceptual Knowledge Acquisition Using Automatically Generated Large−Scale Semantic Networks

Pia−Ramona Wojtinnek‚ Brian Harrington‚ Sebastian Rudolph and Stephen Pulman

In ICCS 2010: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Conceptual Structures. Pages 203−206. Kuching‚ Sarawak‚ Malaysia. 2010. Springer−Verlag‚ Berlin.

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Concrete Sentence Spaces for Compositional Distributional Models of Meaning

Edward Grefenstette‚ Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh‚ Stephen Clark‚ Bob Coecke and Stephen Pulman

In Harry Bunt‚ Johan Bos and Stephen Pulman, editors, Computing Meaning‚ Volume 4. Pages 71−86. Springer. 2014.

260 p. 13 illus.‚ ISBN 978−94−007−7284−7

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Concrete Sentence Spaces for Compositional Distributional Models of Meaning

Edward Grefenstette‚ Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh‚ Stephen Clark‚ Bob Coecke and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS11). Pages 125–134. 2011.

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Conditions for Companionhood

S. G. Pulman

In Yorick Wilks, editor, Close Engagements with Artificial Companions. Key social‚ psychological‚ ethical and design issues. Pages 29−34. Amsterdam. 2010. John Benjamins.

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Controlled Language for Knowledge Representation

S. G. Pulman

In Proc. of the First International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications‚ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven‚ Belgium. Pages 233–242. 1996.

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Conversational Games‚ Belief Revision and Bayesian Networks

S. G. Pulman

In J. Landsbergen et al., editor, CLIN VII: Proceedings of 7th Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands meeting‚ Nov 1996. Pages 1–25. 1997.

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Deep learning for answer sentence selection

Lei Yu‚ Karl Moritz Hermann‚ Phil Blunsom and Stephen Pulman

In NIPS Deep Learning and Representation Learning Workshop‚ Montreal. 2014.

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Describing the Approaches

Robin Cooper‚ Richard Crouch‚ Jan van Eijck‚ Chris Fox‚ Josef van Genabith‚ Jan Jaspars‚ Hans Kamp‚ Manfred Pinkal‚ David Milward‚ Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman

FraCaS: A Framework for Computational Semantics. 1995.

FraCaS deliverable D8‚ 231 pages‚ also available by anonymous ftp from ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del8.ps.gz

Details about Describing the Approaches | BibTeX data for Describing the Approaches

Designing and testing visual representations of draft essays for higher education students

John T. E. Whitelock Denise; Field Debora; Pulman Stephen; Richardson and Nicolas Van Labeke

In 2nd International Workshop on Discourse−Centric Learning Analytics‚. 2014.

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Did I really mean that? Applying automatic summarisation techniques to formative feedback.

D. Field‚ S. Pulman‚ N. Van Labeke‚ D. Whitelock and J.T.E. Richardson

In Galia Angelova‚ Kalina Bontcheva and Ruslan Mitkov, editors, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing. Vol. 9. Pages 277−284. Hissar‚ Bulgaria. September, 2013. RANLP.

ISSN 1313−8502

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Distributional Semantic Models

Stephen Pulman

In Chris Heunen‚ Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Edward Grefenstette, editors, Quantum Physics and Linguistics: A Compositional‚ Diagrammatic Discourse. Pages 333−358. Oxford University Press‚ ISBN 978−0−19−964629−6. 2013.

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Ellipsis‚ Comparatives‚ and Generation

H. Alshawi and S. G. Pulman

In H. Alshawi, editor, The Core Language Engine. Pages 251–273. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass.. 1992.

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Evaluating the State of the Art

Robin Cooper‚ Richard Crouch‚ Jan van Eijck‚ Chris Fox‚ Josef van Genabith‚ Jan Jaspars‚ Hans Kamp‚ Manfred Pinkal‚ David Milward‚ Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman

FraCaS: A Framework for Computational Semantics. 1995.

FraCaS deliverable D10‚ 152 pages‚ also available by anonymous ftp from ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del10.ps.gz

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Evaluation of Previous Work

Robin Cooper‚ Richard Crouch‚ Jan van Eijck‚ Chris Fox‚ Josef van Genabith‚ Jan Jaspars‚ Hans Kamp‚ Manfred Pinkal‚ David Milward‚ Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman

FraCaS: A Framework for Computational Semantics. 1996.

FraCaS deliverable D13‚ 78 pages‚ also available by anonymous ftp from ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del15.ps.gz

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Experiments in inductive chart parsing

James Cussens and Stephen Pulman

In James Cussens and Saso Dzeroski, editors, Learning Language in Logic. Vol. 1925 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Pages 143–156. Springer Verlag. 2000.

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Expressivity of Lean Formalisms

S. G. Pulman

In S. Markantonatou and L. Sadler, editors, Grammatical Formalisms: Issues in Migration. Vol. 4 of Studies in Machine Translation and Natural Language Processing. Pages 35–59. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. 1994.

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Feedback on Academic Essay Writing through pre−Emptive Hints: Moving Towards "Advice for Action"

Debora Whitelock Denise; Twiner Alison; Richardson John T. E.; Field and Stephen Pulman

In European Journal of Open‚ Distance and e−Learning. 2015.

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Financial Prediction from Heterogenous Streams of ONline Lead Indicators

Abby Levenberg‚ Edwin Simpson‚ Stephen Roberts‚ Stephen Pulman‚ Karo Moilanen and Georg Gottlob

In Gautam Mitra and Xiang Yu, editors, Handbook of Sentiment Analysis in Finance. Chapter 24. Pages 523−546. Optirisk Systems and Albury Books. 2016.

ISBN 978−1−910571−57−6

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Formal and Computational Semantics: a Case Study

Stephen Pulman

In Jeroen Geertzen‚ Elias Thijsse‚ Harry Bunt and Amanda Schiffrin, editors, Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Computational Semantics: IWCS−7‚ Tilburg‚ The Netherlands‚ 2007. Pages 181–196. 2007.

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Formalisms for Morphographemic Description

A. W. Black‚ G. D. Ritchie‚ S. G. Pulman and G. J. Russell

In Proceedings of the 3rd European Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics‚ Copenhagen: ACL. Pages 11–18. 1987.

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From Trees to Predicate−Argument Structures

M. Liakata and S. G. Pulman

In COLING 17: 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics‚ Taipei‚ Taiwan. Pages 563–569. 2002.

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Functional‚ frustrating and full of potential: learners' experiences of a prototype for automated essay feedback. (2014)

Debora Alden Rivers Bethany; Whitelock Denise; Richardson John T. E.; Field and Stephen Pulman

In Marco Kalz and Eric Ras, editors, Computer Assisted Assessment: Research into E−Assessment.. Pages 40−52. Springer. 2014.

Details about Functional‚ frustrating and full of potential: learners' experiences of a prototype for automated essay feedback. (2014) | BibTeX data for Functional‚ frustrating and full of potential: learners' experiences of a prototype for automated essay feedback. (2014)

Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar‚ Earley's Algorithm‚ and the Minimisation of Recursion

S. G. Pulman

In K. Sparck Jones and Y. Wilks, editors, Automatic Natural Language Parsing. Pages 117–131. Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester. 1983.

Details about Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar‚ Earley's Algorithm‚ and the Minimisation of Recursion | BibTeX data for Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar‚ Earley's Algorithm‚ and the Minimisation of Recursion

Generating context−sensitive ECA responses to user barge−in interruptions

N. Crook‚ D. Field‚ C. Smith‚ S. Harding‚ S. Pulman‚ M. Cavazza‚ D. Charlton‚ R. Moore and J. Boye

In Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces. Pages 1–13. 2012.

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Grammar Learning using Inductive Logic Programming

S. G. Pulman and J. Cussens

In Oxford University Working Papers in Linguistics. Vol. 6. Pages 31–46. 2001.

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Grammars‚ Parsers and Memory Limitations

S. G. Pulman

In Language and Cognitive Processes. Vol. 1. No. 3. Pages 197–225. 1986.

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Grammatical Description and Sentence Processing

Stephen Pulman

University of East Anglia. 1979.

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Handling User Interruptions in an Embodied Conversational Agent

N.T. Crook‚ C. Smith‚ M. Cavazza‚ S. Pulman‚ R. Moore and J. Boye

In Proceedings of the AAMAS International Workshop on Interacting with ECAs as Virtual Characters‚ accepted for a special issue of the Journal of Multimodal User Interfaces. Pages 27 – 33. Toronto. 2010.

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Harmonizing the Approaches

Robin Cooper‚ Richard Crouch‚ Jan van Eijck‚ Chris Fox‚ Josef van Genabith‚ Jan Jaspars‚ Hans Kamp‚ Manfred Pinkal‚ David Milward‚ Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman

FraCaS: A Framework for Computational Semantics. 1995.

FraCaS deliverable D7‚ 107 pages‚ also available by anonymous ftp from ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del7.ps.gz

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Higher Order Unification and the Interpretation of Focus

S. G. Pulman

In Linguistics and Philosophy. Vol. 20. Pages 73–115. 1997.

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Higher Order Unification and the Semantics of Focus

S. G. Pulman

In Papers from the Third Nordic Conference on Text Comprehension in Man and Machine‚ April 1992‚ Linköping University. Pages 113–127. 1993.

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How Was Your Day?

Stephen Pulman‚ Johan Boye‚ Marc Cavazza‚ Cameron Smith and Raúl Santos de la Cámara

In Proceedings of the 2010 Workshop on Companionable Dialogue Systems. Pages 37–42. Uppsala‚ Sweden. July, 2010. Association for Computational Linguistics.

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Human Evaluation of Robot−Generated Spatial Descriptions.

Simon Dobnik and Stephen Pulman

In Robert Ross‚ Joana Hois and John Kelleher, editors, Proceedings of the Workshop on Computational Models of Spatial Language Interpretation (COSLI−2010) at Spatial Cognition 2010.. Pages 25−32. Mt. Hood/Portland‚ Oregon‚ USA.. August, 2010. CEUR.

ISSN 1613−0073

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Incorporating linguistic constraints into inductive logic programming

J. Cussens and S. G. Pulman

In In Proceedings of CoNLL2000 and LLL2000‚ Lisbon. Pages 184–193. ACL. September, 2000.

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Indexed Grammars and Intersecting Dependencies

Stephen Pulman and G. D. Ritchie

No. 23. University of East Anglia. 1985.

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Inference in the Resolution of Ellipsis

I. Lewin and S. G. Pulman

In P. Dalsgaard‚ L. B. Larsen‚ L. Boves and I. Thomsen, editors, Proceedings of ESCA Workshop on Spoken Dialogue Systems‚ Vigso‚ Denmark. Pages 53–56. 1995.

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Information Extraction and Machine Learning: Automarking Short Free Text Responses to Science Questions

Jana Sukkarieh and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AI−ED). 2005.

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Interacting with an intelligent planning system using English sentences

B. Crabtree‚ R. Crouch‚ D. Moffat‚ N. Pirie‚ G. Ritchie‚ S. G. Pulman and A. Tate

In Proceedings of Conference on Expert Planning Systems‚ Brighton‚ UK.. Pages 169–174. American Association for Artificial Intelligence‚ and Institute of Electrical Engineers. 1990.

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Interaction Strategies for an Affective Conversational Agent

Cameron Smith‚ Nigel Crook‚ Johan Boye‚ Daniel Charlton‚ Simon Dobnik‚ David Pizzi‚ Marc Cavazza‚ Stephen G. Pulman‚ Raul Santos de la Camara and Markku Turunen

In IVA. Pages 301−314. 2010.

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Interpreting noun compounds using paraphrases

A. Dobό and S.G. Pulman

In Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural. Vol. 46. Pages 59−66. 2011.

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Introduction: Computing Meaning: Annotation‚ Representation‚ and Inference

Harry Bunt‚ Johan Bos and Stephen Pulman

In Harry Bunt‚ Johan Bos and Stephen Pulman, editors, Computing Meaning‚ Volume 4. Pages 1−9. Springer. 2014.

260 p. 13 illus.‚ ISBN 978−94−007−7284−7

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Issues in Developing a Korean Version of the Core Language Engine

H. S. Park and S. G. Pulman

In Key−Sun Choi, editor, NLPRS '95‚ Proceedings of the Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium‚ KAIST‚ Taejon‚ Korea. Vol. I. Pages 308–313. 1995.

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Karen Ida Boalth Spärck Jones‚ 1935−2007

S. G. Pulman

In Biographical Memoirs of Fellows IX. No. 166. Pages 273−300. The British Academy. Oxford University Press. 2010.

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Learning Domain Theories

S. G. Pulman and M. Liakata

In N. Nicolov‚ K. Bontcheva‚ G. Angelova and R. Mitkov, editors, Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing. Vol. III of Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing. Pages 29–44. John Benjamins Publishing. 2004.

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Learning Semantics and Selectional Preference of Adjective−Noun Pairs

Karl Moritz Hermann‚ Chris Dyer‚ Phil Blunsom and Stephen Pulman

In *SEM 2012: The First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics – Volume 1: Proceedings of the main conference and the shared task‚ and Volume 2: Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2012). Pages 70–74. Montréal‚ Canada. 2012. Association for Computational Linguistics.

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Learning Theories from Text

M. Liakata and S. G. Pulman

In COLING 18: 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics‚ Geneva. Pages 183–190. 2004.

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Leveraging User Engagement Signals For Entity Labeling in a Virtual Assistant

Deepak Muralidharan‚ Justine Kao‚ Xiao Yang‚ Lin Li‚ Lavanya Viswanathan‚ Mubarak Seyed Ibrahim‚ Kevin Luikens‚ Stephen Pulman‚ Ashish Garg‚ Atish Kothari and Jason Williams

In NeurIPS 2018 Workshop on Conversational AI. 2018.

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Lexical Decomposition: For and Against

S. G. Pulman

In John I. Tait, editor, Charting a New Course: Natural Language Processing And Information Retrieval: Essays in Honour of Karen Sparck Jones. Pages 155–174. Kluwer Academic/ Springer, Dordrecht. 2005.

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Limited Domain Systems for Language Teaching

S. G. Pulman

In Coling 84: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics‚ Stanford‚ California: Association for Computational Linguistics. Pages 84–87. 1984.

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Linguistic Ethnography: Identifying Dominant Word Classes in Text

Rada Mihalcea and Stephen Pulman

In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing. Vol. Volume 5449/2009 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Pages 594−602. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. 2009.

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Metaphor

S. G. Pulman

In R.G. Fowler, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Critical Terms. Pages 144–146. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London. 1987.

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Multi−entity Sentiment Scoring

Karo Moilanen and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of the International Conference RANLP−2009. Pages 258–263. Borovets‚ Bulgaria. September, 2009. Association for Computational Linguistics.

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Natural Language Processing for Requirements Specification

B. Macias and S. G. Pulman

In F. Redmill and T. Anderson, editors, Safety Critical Systems: Current Issues‚ Techniques and Standards. Pages 67–89. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London. 1993.

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OpenEssayist: A Supply and Demand Learning Analytics Tool for Drafting Academic Essays

Denise Whitelock‚ Alison Twiner‚ John T. E. Richardson‚ Debora Field and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Learning Analytics And Knowledge. Pages 208–212. New York‚ NY‚ USA. 2015. ACM.

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OpenEssayist: extractive summarisation and formative assessment of free−text essays.

N Van Labeke‚ D Whitelock‚ D Field‚ S Pulman and JTE Richardson

In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Discourse−Centric Learning Analytics. Leuven‚ Belgium. April, 2013.

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Overview of the Core Language Engine

H. Alshawi‚ D. Carter‚ J. van Eijck‚ R. Moore‚ D. Moran and S. G. Pulman

In Proceedings of the International Conference on 5th Generation Computer Systems. Vol. 3. Pages 1108–1115. Tokyo: Institute for New Generation Computer Technology. 1988.

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Packed Feelings and Ordered Sentiments: Sentiment Parsing with Quasi−compositional Polarity Sequencing and Compression

Karo Moilanen‚ Stephen Pulman and Yue Zhang

In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity and Sentiment Analysis (WASSA 2010) at the 19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2010). Pages 36–43. August, 2010.

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Parsing

S. G. Pulman

In W. Bright, editor, Oxford International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Vol. 3. Pages 159–162. Oxford University Press. 1992.

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Parsing and Syntactic Theory

S. G. Pulman

In Coling 80: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics‚ Tokyo: International Committee on Computational Linguistics. Pages 54–59. 1980.

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Passives

S. G. Pulman

In Proceedings of the 3rd European Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics‚ Copenhagen: ACL. Pages 306–313. 1987.

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Persuasive Dialogue Based on a Narrative Theory: An ECA Implementation

Marc Cavazza‚ Cameron Smith‚ Daniel Charlton‚ Nigel Crook‚ Johan Boye‚ Stephen G. Pulman‚ Karo Moilanen‚ David Pizzi‚ Raul Santos de la Camara and Markku Turunen

In PERSUASIVE. Pages 250−261. 2010.

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Predicting Economic Indicators from Web Text Using Sentiment Composition

Abby Levenberg‚ Stephen Pulman‚ Karo Moilanen‚ Edwin Simpson and Stephen J Roberts

In International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering. Vol. 3. No. 2. Pages 109–115. 2014.

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Prepositional Relatives and Syntactic Marginality

S. G. Pulman

In D. J. Arnold et al., editor, Essays on Grammatical Theory and Universal Grammar. Pages 204–221. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1989.

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Price sensitive ripples and chain reactions: tracking the impact of corporate announcements with real−time multidimensional opinion streaming

Moilanen K. and Pulman S.

In F. A. Pozzi‚ E. Fersini‚ E. Messina and B. Liu, editors, Sentiment Analysis in Social Networks. Chapter 15. Pages 223−237. Elsevier (Morgan Kaufman). 2017.

ISBN 978−0−12−804412−4

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Probabilistic Approach to Modelling Spatial Language with Its Application To Sensor Models

Jamie Frost‚ Alastair Harrison‚ Stephen Pulman and Paul Newman

In Robert Ross‚ Joana Hois and John Kelleher, editors, Proceedings of the Workshop on Computational Models of Spatial Language Interpretation (COSLI−2010) at Spatial Cognition 2010.. Pages 1−8. Mt. Hood/Portland‚ Oregon‚ USA.. August, 2010. CEUR.

ISSN 1613−0073

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Reasoning about Meaning in Natural Language with Compact Closed Categories and Frobenius Algebras

Dimitri Kartsaklis‚ Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh‚ Stephen Pulman and Bob Coecke

In J. Chubb‚ A. Eskandarian and V. Harizanov, editors, Logic and Algebraic Structures in Quantum Computing and Information. Pages 199−222. Cambridge University Press. 2016.

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Reflections on characteristics of university students’ essays through experimentation with domain−independent natural language processing techniques.

D Field‚ JTE Richardson‚ S Pulman and N Van Labeke D Whitelock

In D Whitelock‚ W Warburton‚ G Wills and L Gilbert, editors, Proceedings of the 2013 International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference. Southampton‚ UK. July, 2013.

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Relating Dialogue Games to Information State

S. G. Pulman

In Speech Communication. Vol. 36. Pages 15–30. 2002.

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Relating Dialogue Games to Information States

S. G. Pulman

In J. Terken and M. Swerts, editors, Proceedings of the European Speech Communication Association workshop on Dialogue and Prosody‚ De Konigshof‚ The Netherlands. Pages 17–24. 1999.

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Reusability of Grammatical Resources and Grammar Development in ALEP

Doug Arnold‚ Toni Badia‚ Josef van Genabith‚ Dieter Kohl‚ Stella Markantonatou‚ Stephen Pulman‚ Louisa Sadler and Paul Schmidt

No. ET 10/52. Commission of the European Communities. 1992.

Final Report

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Review of

S. G. Pulman

In Comput. Linguist.. Vol. 25. No. 3. Pages 445–446. 1999.

Reviewer−Stephen Pulman

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Review of Computational Complexity and Natural Language

S. G. Pulman

1988.

Review of R. Berwick et al.‚ ‘Computational Complexity and Natural Language'‚ MIT Press‚ in Journal of Linguistics‚ 24‚ 573−575.

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Review of Flexible Semantics for Reinterpretation Phenomena

Stephen G. Pulman

2007.

Review of Flexible Semantics for Reinterpretation Phenomena Markus Egg (University of Groningen) Stanford‚ CA: CSLI Publications (CSLI Studies in Computational Linguistics‚ edited by Ann Copestake)‚ 2006‚ xxi+239 pp; paperbound‚ ISBN 1−57586−502−5.

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Review of Noam Chomsky: Language‚ Creativity and Freedom

S. G. Pulman

1981.

Review of Noam Chomsky: Language‚ Creativity and Freedom‚ Review article‚ in Straight Lines Vol 6‚ 32−35.

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Review of Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing

S. G. Pulman

1995.

Review of Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing‚ ed. T. Strzalkowski‚ Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers‚ 1994‚ in Computational Linguistics 21/2‚ 269−271.

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Second order inference in natural language semantics

Stephen G. Pulman

In J. Language Modelling. Vol. 6. No. 1. Pages 1–40. 2018.

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Semantic Relatedness from Automatically Generated Semantic Networks

Pia−Ramona Wojtinnek and Stephen Pulman

In Johan Bos and Stephen Pulman, editors, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS11). Pages 390−394. Oxford‚ UK. 2011. ACL SIGSEM. ACL.

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Semantics

S. G. Pulman

In R. A. Cole‚ J. Mariani‚ H. Uszkoreit‚ A. Zaenen and V. Zue, editors, Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology. Pages 105–111. Cambridge University Press. 1996.

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Sentence Ordering with Manifold−based Classification in Multi−Document Summarization

Paul D. Ji and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2006)‚ Sydney‚ July 2006. Pages 526–533. 2006.

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Sentiment Composition

Karo Moilanen and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of the Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing International Conference (RANLP−2007). Pages 378–382. Borovets‚ Bulgaria. September, 2007.

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Separating Disambiguation from Composition in Distributional Semantics

Dimitri Kartsaklis‚ Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of 17th Conference on Natural Language Learning (CoNLL). Pages 114−123. Sofia‚ Bulgaria. August, 2013.

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Shallow Processing and Automatic Summarising: a First Study

Stephen Pulman‚ Philip Gladwin and Karen Spärck Jones

Computer Laboratory‚ University of Cambridge. 1991.

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Shape Classifiers and Natural Categories

Stephen Pulman

Essex University. 1978.

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Simultaneous Dialogue Act Segmentation and Labelling using Lexical and Syntactic Features

Ramon Granell‚ Stephen Pulman and Carlos−D. Martínez−Hinarejos

In Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference. Pages 333–336. London‚ UK. September, 2009. Association for Computational Linguistics.

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Statistical and Logical Reasoning in Disambiguation

S. G. Pulman

In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Vol. 358 of A. Pages 1267–1280. 2000.

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Teaching a robot spatial expressions

Simon Dobnik‚ Stephen Pulman‚ Paul Newman and Alastair Harrison

In Proceedings Second ACL−SIGSEM Workshop on The Linguistic Dimensions of Prepositions and their Use in Computational Linguistics Formalisms and Applications‚ Essex University. 2005.

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The Bluffer's Guide to Computational Semantics

Robin Cooper‚ Richard Crouch‚ Jan van Eijck‚ Chris Fox‚ Josef van Genabith‚ Jan Jaspars‚ Hans Kamp‚ Manfred Pinkal‚ David Milward‚ Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman

FraCaS: A Framework for Computational Semantics. 1995.

48 pages‚ also available by anonymous ftp from http://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/

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The Good‚ the Bad‚ and the Unknown: Morphosyllabic Sentiment Tagging of Unseen Words

Karo Moilanen and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of ACL−08: HLT‚ Short Papers. Pages 109–112. Columbus‚ Ohio. June, 2008. Association for Computational Linguistics.

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The Lexical Component of a Natural Language Toolkit

S. G. Pulman‚ G. D. Ritchie‚ G. J. Russell‚ A. W. Black‚ E. J. Briscoe‚ B. K. Boguraev‚ J. A. Carroll and C. G Grover

In D.Walker‚ A.Zampolli and N.Calzolari, editors, Automating the lexicon − research and practice in a multilingual environment. CUP, Cambridge. 1997.

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The State of the Art in Computational Semantics: Evaluating the Descriptive Capabilities of Semantic Theories

Robin Cooper‚ Richard Crouch‚ Jan van Eijck‚ Chris Fox‚ Josef van Genabith‚ Jan Jaspars‚ Hans Kamp‚ Manfred Pinkal‚ David Milward‚ Massimo Poesio and Stephen Pulman

FraCaS: A Framework for Computational Semantics. 1995.

FraCaS deliverable D9‚ 262 pages‚ also available by anonymous ftp from ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del9.ps.gz

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The Syntax Semantics Interface

S. G. Pulman

In P. J. Whitelock et al., editor, Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications. Pages 189–224. Academic Press, London. 1987.

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The recognition and interpretation of idioms

S. G. Pulman

In C. Cacciari and P. Tabossi, editors, Idioms: Processing‚ Structure‚ and Interpretation. Pages 249–270. 1993.

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The Edinburgh/Cambridge Morphological Analyser and Dictionary System [Version 3.0]

G. D. Ritchie‚ A. W. Black‚ S. G. Pulman and G. J. Russell

Dept. of Artificial Intelligence‚ University of Edinburgh. 1987.

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The TRINDI Project: Some Preliminary Themes

S. G. Pulman

In Joris Hulstein and Anton Nijholt, editors, TWLT 13‚ Formal Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue‚ University of Twente‚ Enschede.. Pages 31–39. 1998.

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Time and Modality in a Natural Language Interface to a Planning System

R. S. Crouch and S. G. Pulman

In Artificial Intelligence. Vol. 63. Pages 265–304. 1993.

This issue also reprinted as Natural Language Processing‚ ed. F. Pereira and B. Grosz‚ MIT Press‚ 1994

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Trace Theory‚ Parsing and Constraints

S. G. Pulman

In M. King, editor, Parsing Natural Language. Pages 171–196. Academic Press, London. 1983.

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Tweets about hospital quality: a mixed methods study

Felix Greaves‚ Antony A. Laverty‚ Daniel Ramirez Cano‚ Karo Moilanen‚ Stephen Pulman‚ Ara Darzi and Christopher Millett

In British Medical Journal‚ Quality and Safety. April, 2014.

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Unification Based Syntactic Analysis

S. G. Pulman

In H. Alshawi, editor, The Core Language Engine. Pages 61–82. MIT Press., Cambridge Mass.. 1992.

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Unification and the New Grammatism

S. G. Pulman

In Yorick Wilks, editor, Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing 3‚ NMSU‚ Las Cruces‚ New Mexico. Vol. 3. Pages 40–42. 1987.

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Unification encodings of grammatical notations

S.G. Pulman

In Computational Linguistics. Vol. 22/3. Pages 295–328. 1996.

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Unsupervised Classification of Dialogue Acts using a Dirichlet Process Mixture Model

Nigel Crook‚ Ramon Granell and Stephen Pulman

In Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference. Pages 341–348. London‚ UK. September, 2009. Association for Computational Linguistics.

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Using Clustering to Improve Adjective Selection in English Adjective−noun Pairs

De Felice‚ Rachele and Stephen Pulman

In Giacomo Ferrari‚ Ruben Benatti and Monica Mosca, editors, Linguistica e modelli tecnologici di ricerca: Atti del XL Congresso internazionale di studi Vercelli‚ 21−23 settembre 2006. Vol. SLI 51 of Società di Linguistica Italiana. Pages 267−284. Rome. 2009. Bulzoni.

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Using student experience to inform the design of an automated feedback system for essay answers.

B Alden‚ N Van Labeke‚ D Field‚ S Pulman‚ JTE Richardson and D Whitelock

In D Whitelock‚ W Warburton‚ G Wills and L Gilbert, editors, Proceedings of the 2013 International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference. Southampton‚ UK. July, 2013.

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Using the Framework

Robin Cooper‚ Richard Crouch‚ Jan van Eijck‚ Chris Fox‚ Josef van Genabith‚ Jan Jaspars‚ Hans Kamp‚ Manfred Pinkal‚ David Milward‚ Massimo Poesio‚ Stephen Pulman‚ Ted Briscoe‚ Holger Maier and Karsten Konrad

FraCaS: A Framework for Computational Semantics. 1996.

FraCaS deliverable D16‚ 136 pages‚ also available by anonymous ftp from ftp://ftp.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/pub/FRACAS/del16.ps.gz

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What is my essay really saying? Using extractive summarization to motivate reflection and redrafting.

N Van Labeke‚ D Whitelock‚ D Field‚ S Pulman and J.T.E. Richardson

In Presentation at the AIED Workshop on Formative Feedback in Interactive Learning Environments. Memphis‚ TN. July, 2013.

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Word Meaning and Belief

S. G. Pulman

Pages viii‚ 177. Croom Helm Ltd.‚ and New Jersey‚ Ablex Publishing Corp., London. 1983.

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Review of Information and Misinformation

S.G. Pulman

1985.

Review of C. J. Fox‚ Information and Misinformation‚ in Journal of Documentation‚ Vol 41.1‚ 43−44.

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Auto−marking 2: An update on the UCLES−Oxford University research into using computational linguistics to score short‚ free text responses

J. Z. Sukkarieh‚ S. G. Pulman and N. Raikes

In International Association of Educational Assessment‚ Philadelphia. 2004.

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Automatic Fine−Grained Semantic Classification for Domain Adaption

Maria Liakata and Stephen Pulman

In Johan Bos and Rodolfo Delmonte, editors, Semantics in Text Processing. STEP 2008 Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1 of Research in Computational Semantics. Pages 139–153. College Publications. 2008.

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Can‚ Could‚ and Possible For

Stephen Pulman

Essex University. 1976.

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Computational Morphology: Practical Mechanisms for the English Lexicon

G. D. Ritchie‚ A. W. Black‚ G. J. Russell and S. G. Pulman

MIT Press, Cambridge Mass.. 1992.

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Events and Verb Phrase Modifiers

S. G. Pulman

In J. Peckham, editor, Recent Developments and Applications of‚ Natural Language Understanding. Pages 179–191. Kogan Page‚ Ltd. and Maryland: GP Publishing Inc., London. 1989.

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ILP−based Conceptual Analysis for Chinese NPs

Paul D. Ji and Stephen G. Pulman

In COLING (Posters). Pages 47−50. 2008.

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Review of M. Fortescue‚ A Discourse Production Model for Twenty Questions

S. G. Pulman

1981.

Review of M. Fortescue‚ A Discourse Production Model for Twenty Questions‚ Amsterdam‚ John Benjamins B.V. 1980‚ in Journal of Pragmatics Vol 5‚ 380−382

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Review of Approaches to Natural Language

S. G. Pulman and A. Spencer

1976.

Review of K.J.J. Hintikka et al. Approaches to Natural Language‚ Holland: D. Reidel Publishing‚ 1973. Part 1 in Kritikon Litterarum Vol 5.1‚ Part 2 in Vol 5.2

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Review of Elements of Mathematical Linguistics

S. G. Pulman

1985.

Review of A. V. Gladkij and I. A. Melcuk‚ Elements of Mathematical Linguistics‚ Berlin: Mouton‚ 1983‚ in Journal of Linguistics‚ Vol 21‚ 262.

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Review of From Schema Theory to Language

S.G. Pulman

1989.

Review of M. A. Arbib‚ E. J. Conklin‚ and J. C. Hill 'From Schema Theory to Language'‚ New York: Oxford University Press‚ in Contemporary Psychology 34‚ 7: 686−687.

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Review of Modern Linguistics

S.G. Pulman

1980.

Review of N. Smith and D. Wilson Modern Linguistics‚ Harmondsworth‚ Penguin Books‚ 1979: in Journal of Literary Semantics Vol IX:2 108−110

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The SRI Core Language Engine project: the grammar

Stephen Pulman and G. D. Ritchie

Centre for Cognitive Science‚ Edinburgh‚ and Institute for Language‚ Logic and Information‚ Amsterdam. 1987.

in E. Klein and J. van Benthem (eds.) Categories‚ Polymorphism and Unification

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